Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
  • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
  • G03G9/00—Developers
  • G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
  • G03G9/12—Developers with toner particles in liquid developer mixtures
  • G03G9/135—Developers with toner particles in liquid developer mixtures characterised by stabiliser or charge-controlling agents
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
  • C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
  • C10M2207/121—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of seven or less carbon atoms
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  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
  • C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
  • C10M2207/121—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of seven or less carbon atoms
  • C10M2207/122—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of seven or less carbon atoms monocarboxylic
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  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
  • C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
  • C10M2207/125—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
  • C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
  • C10M2207/129—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of thirty or more carbon atoms
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/28—Esters
  • C10M2207/281—Esters of (cyclo)aliphatic monocarboxylic acids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/28—Esters
  • C10M2207/282—Esters of (cyclo)aliphatic oolycarboxylic acids
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  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/28—Esters
  • C10M2207/283—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/28—Esters
  • C10M2207/286—Esters of polymerised unsaturated acids
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  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2219/06—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof
  • C10M2219/062—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof having carbon-to-sulfur double bonds
  • C10M2219/066—Thiocarbamic type compounds
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  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2219/06—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof
  • C10M2219/062—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof having carbon-to-sulfur double bonds
  • C10M2219/066—Thiocarbamic type compounds
  • C10M2219/068—Thiocarbamate metal salts
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2219/08—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals
  • C10M2219/082—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2219/08—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals
  • C10M2219/082—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
  • C10M2219/083—Dibenzyl sulfide
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
  • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
  • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
  • C10M2223/041—Triaryl phosphates
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
  • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
  • C10M2223/042—Metal salts thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
  • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
  • C10M2223/045—Metal containing thio derivatives
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
  • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
  • C10M2223/047—Thioderivatives not containing metallic elements
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
  • C10N2010/02—Groups 1 or 11
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
  • C10N2010/04—Groups 2 or 12
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
  • C10N2010/08—Groups 4 or 14
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
  • C10N2010/10—Groups 5 or 15
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
  • C10N2010/14—Group 7
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/20—Metal working

Definitions

• This invention relates to liquid developers for use in electrostatographic imaging systems, and more particularly, to improved liquid developers with novel charge control agents.
• the formation and development of images on the surface of photoconductor material by electrostatic means is well known.
• the basic electrostatographic process as taught by C. F. Carlson in US. Pat. 2,297,691 involves placing a uniform electrostatic charge on a photoconductive insulating layer, exposing the layer to a light and shadow image to dissipate the charge on the areas of the layer exposed to the light and developing the resulting electrostatic latent image by depositing on the image a finely divided electroscopic marking material referred to in the art as toner.
• the toner will normally be attracted to those areas of the layer which retain a charge thereby forming a toner image corresponding to the electrostatic latent image.
• electrophoretic development an insulating liquid vehicle having finely divided solid material dispersed therein contacts the imaging surface in both charged and uncharged areas. Under the influence of the electric field associated with a charged image pattern, the suspended particles migrate toward the charged portions of the imaging surface separating out of the insulating liquid. This electrophoretic migration of charged particles results in the deposition of the charged particles on the imaging surface in image configuration.
• the electrostatographic liquid developers are generally dispersions comprising a highly insulating liquid referred to as the carrier liquid and dispersed therein submicron size marking particles which may comprise a pigment.
• fixing agents such as resinous materials to assist in fixing the toner particles to the support member and suspending or stabilizing agents may be added to insure uniform suspension of the marking particles throughout the insulating liquid.
• the marking particles are first dispersed within the continuous phase of any resinous material.
• Conventional ballmill, three roll mill or sand mill may be employed to provide a homogeneous mixture of resinous material and pigment which is sometimes referred to as a paste or concentrate which may be subsequently diluted with carrier liquid or dispersed in a large volume of a carrier liquid to form the liquid developer.
• other additives such as surface active agents may be added.
• concentrated dispersions commercially available such as printing ink, tars or pitches in which the pigment particles are already dispersed in a resinous vehicle.
• Stable dilute dispersions of these can be prepared merely by dissolving the paste in carrier liquids by means of, for example, ultrasonic devices.
• control agents may also fuction for stabilizing or fixing properties.
• the choice of materials, particularly resinous materials, suitable for charge control agents is rather limited.
• alkyd resins and linseed oil have served the dual purpose in liquid developers of functioning not only as the vehicle for the pigments, but also as the desired charge control agent to impart a positive charge to the dispersed particles.
• the suitability of these liquid developers is limited by the specific materials and compositions which are capable of producing the necessary charge control and the flexibility in developer formulation is thereby limited. These limitations are even more strict for printing inks, tars or pitches.
• additives frequently are employed to improve the electrophoretic performance of liquid developer.
• these additives are soluble in the carrier liquid and exhibit a marked charged controlling capability without reducing the volume resistivity of the liquid developer to a value lower than the critical threshold.
• compounds such as cobalt naphthenate, and copper oleate are capable of meeting these requirements.
• liquid developers of the present invention are characterized in that they contain at least one compound selected from the group consisting of vinyltriethoxysilane, 'y-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, and ,8-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyltrimethoxysilane in amounts of from about 0.5% to about 2.0% by volume of the developer.
• organosilicon compounds are sufficiently polar to dissolve in alcohol, acetone or water thereby markedly decreasing the volume resistivity of the developer it is quite surprising that the three recited organosilicon materials are capable of functioning as superior charge controlling agents for electrostatographic liquid developers. This capability is believed to be due to the fact that the materials according to this invention are readily soluble in many nonpolar solvents such as cyclohexane, kerosene, toluol, xylol and isoparalfinic hydrocarbons.
• a particularly important feature of the present invention lies in the fact that it provides liquid developer capable of excellent performance without requiring specialized complicated manufacturing processes since the charge control function of the charge control agents of this invention may be achieved merely by adding the recited compounds to the dispersion of marking particles in the insulating liquid. Furthermore, since the developer of the present invention includes only positively charged toner, an image of improved optical density may be obtained. In addition, since the charge control agents of the present invention are so effective in controlling the electrophoretic performance of the liquid developer a wider selection of other additives and particularly resinous materials is possible. The resinous materials which in the past were unacceptable since they would not function alone adequately in their charge controlling properties can now be used in conjunction with the charge control agents of this invention to provide superior liquid developers.
• the charge control agents of the present invention may be used to improve the electrophoretic performances of developers made from commercially available printing inks, tars, or pitches. Since the charge control agents of the present invention may be readily mixed with the liquid developer the range of raw materials capable of use in liquid developers may in some instances be greatly enlarged.
• the change control agents of the present invention may be added to any suitable electrostatographic liquid developers.
• the liquids employed have relatively high insulating values generally having a volume resistivity greater than about 10 ohm-cm. so as not to effect the electrostatic charge pattern on the insulating layer and low dielectric constant of less than about 3.5.
• Typical specific vehicles include hydrocarbons such as benzene, xylene, hexane, naphtha, kerosene, cyclohexane, Decalin, isoparaflinic hydrocarbons and halogenated hydrocarbons such as carbon tetrachloride, trichloroethylene, and chloroform.
• Typical electroscopic marking particles include among others, charcoal, carbon black, magnesium oxide, lithopone, cadmium yellow, chrome yellow, cobalt blue, cadmium red, burnt siena, Hausa yellow, rose bengal and phthalocyanine which are present in an amount of from about 2 to about 20 grams per liter.
• the electroscopic marking particles are conventionally dispersed and suspended in the liquid by stirring or agitation and where a highly uniform and stable suspension is desired, this suspension may be passed through a colloid mill. As discussed above, if desired, suspending or dispersing agents may be added for their well known functions.
• the liquid developer according to the present invention may be employed to develop an electrostatic charge pattern present on any suitable imaging surface.
• any material capable of holding the charge pattern may be employed. Typical materials include dielectric layers and photoconductors.
• a particularly preferred material for use in automatic copiers is a photosensitive paper comprising photoconductive pigment particles in an insulating binder layer. Typically, this paper comprises zinc oxide photoconductive particles present in an insulating binder layer which is overcoated on the paper substrate.
• the particular imaging member and particular development technique may be readily determined by one skilled in the art.
• the photosensitive paper described above may be substituted with photoconductive materials made from cadmium sulfide, zinc sulfide, zinc selenide, cadmium selenide, titanium dioxide, phthalocyanine and polyvinylcarbazole.
• EXAMPLE I An electrostatic latent image present on an electrophotographic member which has been uniformly charged and exposed to a light and shadow pattern in conventional manner is developed by contacting the surface with a liquid developer formed in the following manner: To 1000 ml. of kerosene, 5 grams of black offset printing ink Jet King G process H Black (commercially available from Toyo Ink Manufacturing Company) is added and dispersed therein by means of an ultrasonic dispersing device. To this dispersion 1.0% by volume of developer of vinyltriethoxysilane (available from Shin-etsu Chemical Industry under the trade name KBE 1003+) is added to provide a liquid developer wherein the carbon black is positively charged. When applied to the surface of the electrophotographic plate, a black tar image having high optical density is obtained. Upon repeated development, no change in print quality is observed.
• a liquid developer formed in the following manner: To 1000 ml. of kerosene, 5 grams of black offset printing ink Jet King G process H Black (commercially available from
• EXAMPLE III An electrostatic latent image of negative polarity is formed on an electrophotographic plate by charging the plate negatively and exposing it to a light and shadow pattern in conventional manner.
• the electrostatic latent image is developed with a liquid developer made in the following manner: Two grams of channel black and 50 grams of an alkyd resin purchased from Japan Reichold Chemical Industry under the trade name Beckosol El 8002 are blended in a 500 ml. ball mill jar for about two days to prepare a concentrated paste which is subsequently dispersed in about 2000 ml. of an isoparaflinic solvent (Isopar H, available from Humble Oil and Refining Company). The majority of the toner particles in this liquid developer acquire a positive charge. However, particles bearing a negative charge are also present and when the developer is applied to the electrophotographic plate a low density toner image with hallow and streaks around high contrast image areas is obtained.
• Isopar H isoparaflinic solvent
• Example IV The procedure of Example III is repeated except that about 1.0% by volume of the developer of beta- (3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyltrimethoxysilane (available as KBM 303 from Shin-etsu Chemical Industry is added to the liquid developer described in Example III. Development of the electrostatic latent image on the electrophotographic plate provides print of reduced hallow and streaks as well as increased image density.
• beta- (3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyltrimethoxysilane available as KBM 303 from Shin-etsu Chemical Industry
• EXAMPLE V An electrostatic latent image present on an electro photographic plate which has been conventionally uniformly negatively charged and exposed to a light and shadow pattern is developed with a liquid developer prepared in the following manner: A homogeneous paste is prepared by blending about 200 grams of R-4 varnish available from Toyo Ink Manufacturing Company and about grams of channel black in a three roll mill. Fifty grams of this paste are dispersed in 2000 mil of kerosene in an ultrasonic dispersing device. When used to develop the electrostatic latent image present on the electrophotographic member, the electrophoretic performance of this liquid developer is observed to change depending on the manufacturing conditions of the developer. In general, a very unclear low density image is produced.
• Example VI The procedure of Example I is repeated except that 1.5% by volume of the developer of 'y-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (KBM 403 available from Shin-etsu Chemical Industry is added to the liquid developer.
• KBM 403 available from Shin-etsu Chemical Industry
• a stable positively charged electrophoretic developer is observed to provide consistent print quality with a marked reduction in performance fluctuation.
• An electrostatographic liquid developer comprising an insulating carrier liquid and substantially uniformly dispersed thereon finely divided positively charged electroscopic marking particles, said liquid developer further comprising from about 0.5 to about 2.0% by volume of the developer, a charge control agent selected from the group consisting of the vinyltriethoxysilane, 'y-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, and fi-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyltrimethoxysilane and mixtures thereof sufficient to provide a stable positive charge on the electroscopic marking particles.

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• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Liquid Developers In Electrophotography (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=12042402

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (6)

Cited By (15)

• 1970
  • 1970-03-12 JP JP45020984A patent/JPS4843157B1/ja active Pending
• 1971
  • 1971-03-05 US US00121537A patent/US3729419A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1971-03-11 CA CA107,472A patent/CA963305A/en not_active Expired
  • 1971-03-12 FR FR7109434A patent/FR2084788A5/fr not_active Expired
  • 1971-03-12 DE DE19712111985 patent/DE2111985A1/de active Pending
  • 1971-04-19 GB GB2373371*A patent/GB1341627A/en not_active Expired

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