Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
  • A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
  • A24B15/00—Chemical features or treatment of tobacco; Tobacco substitutes, e.g. in liquid form
  • A24B15/18—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes
  • A24B15/28—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes by chemical substances
  • A24B15/30—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes by chemical substances by organic substances
  • A24B15/32—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes by chemical substances by organic substances by acyclic compounds

Definitions

• ABSTRACT A smoking product including a substantial proportion of tobacco stem material and incorporating carbamide and a saturated fatty acid composition having a carbon chain length of 16-18.
• the carbamide is present in an amount from 1.0 to 3.0 percent and the fatty acid is present in an amount of from 1.0 to 4.0 percent, by weight, of the stem material.
• the carbamide and fatty acid impart to the stem material, when it burns, some of the more pleasant taste and smell characteristics of burning tobacco leaf.
• the stem material may be in its natural state, but crushed, or it may be made into a reconstituted sheet or film.
• leaves will be referred to hereinafter as leaf
• the following flow diagram is illustrative of a midribs will be r f rred to as stems. procedure that has been found to be useful and Some tobacco products, notably sheeted tobacco satisfactory:
• NATURAL SOLVENT TOBACCO EXTRACT STEMS CONCENTRATION L FIBROUS RESIDUE SATURATED r- FATTY ACID WATER BEA'IER I AND CARBAMIDE Jr SHEETED TOBACCO PRODUCT materials contain appreciable and sometimes predominant proportions of natural tobacco stems. It is an object of this invention to improve the smoking qualities need not be Composed exclusively of Stems but y of such products. Coordinately, it is an objective of the invention to impart enhanced desirable aroma and flavor to articles for smoking whose composition includes, or may consist essentially of, fragments of natural tobacco stems.
• the solvent employed to produce the extract, and leave a fibrous residue is usually and preferably water but is not necessarily or exclusively aqueous.
• beater employed is part of known papermaking equipment, and the fibrous residue is adequately comminuted so as to be employable like paper pulp in producing a slurry or suspension from which a paperlike web is produced in accordance with conventional papermaking techniques.
• the extract from the original is part of known papermaking equipment, and the fibrous residue is adequately comminuted so as to be employable like paper pulp in producing a slurry or suspension from which a paperlike web is produced in accordance with conventional papermaking techniques.
• product is first concentrated and may then be treated, if desired, in various ways (not shown) to alter or improve its composition. Finally it is introduced into the paperlike web, by any desired spraying or applicator or other suitable procedure, and the sheet is then dried.
• the result is an artificial fibrous sheeted tobacco product which can be used in sheet form, or can be shredded and then used, in the ultimate production of articles for smoking.
• the fatty acid and carbamide are preferably introduced, as indicated, either to the liquid concentrate prior to its application to the web, or to the web itself prior to the final drying procedure.
• a soluble soap of the fatty acid can be made with potassium hydroxide, soda, or ammonium hydroxide in the usual way.
• the requisite carbamide may be combined in water solution with the fatty acid soap (potassium soap preferred).
• the fatty acid and carbamide can be dissolved in a volatile organic solvent, such as acetone.
• the amount of the additives required to produce the desired beneficiating effect is relatively small.
• the fatty acid is preferably introduced in an amount equal to from 1.0 to 4 percent of the sheet, by weight
• the carbamide is preferably introduced in an amount equal to from 1.0 to 3.0 percent of the sheet, by weight. If the fatty acid and carbamide are added in lesser amounts than mentioned above, the effect is unnoticeable. If a greater proportion of fatty acid than mentioned is employed, the smoke tends to take on a waxy note, and if a greater proportion of carbamide is used the smoke becomes ammoniacal.
• ln converting sheeted tobacco material containing fatty acid and carbamide to the form of an article for smoking it may be combined in any desired proportion (and in sheet or shredded form) with natural tobacco. In some cases, it may be used entirely alone.
• the production of smoking tobacco and articles for smoking does not necessarily involve the employment of an artificial sheeted tobacco material of the character described.
• the tobacco product may be, if natural tobacco stem material is present in any amount, and if it is desired to compensate for its deficiencies as a creator of desirable pyrolysis products, saturated fatty acid and carbamide can be used as additives.
• Their manner of use can be varied, as may be desired, e.g., the carbamide and fatty acid soap solution could be sprayed onto or otherwise applied to tobacco leaves or into intermixture with a shredded tobacco product, or they could be used as an ingredient of other additives customarily employed.
• 1f reconstituted tobacco is being made by the cast film process, wherein powdered tobacco in a binder is extruded as a film and then dried, the carbamide and fatty acid soap solution may be mixed with the tobacco and binder prior to casting.
• the proportion of fatty acid and carbamide to be used are dependent in each case upon the amount of stems or stem derivatives present.
• the mode of action of the fatty acid, for which palmitic acid is preferred, is in part that of supplying a material whose pyrolysis products apparently contribute a milder smoke flavor.
• the overall effect is best when a commercially pure palmitic acid is used (100 percent saturated fatty acid, not over 10 percent C-1 8 present).
• the shorter chain fatty acids give an off flavor to the smoke when more than a trace is present and similarly the unsaturated fatty acids lead to undesirable flavors, particularly on storage for a time.
• Carbamide does contribute some ammonia to the smoke which has the capability of reacting with some of the low molecular weight acids generated during combustion. Carbamide also has the capacity to reduce the concentration of aldehydes which are generated by combustion of cellulose and are suspected of being a major contributor to the extremely sharp and acrid smell of burning cellulose.
• the fatty acid and carbamide show synergism, possibly since the ammonia incidentally released by pyrolyzing carbamide can react with acidic fragments formed from the fatty acid as well as from carbohydrates present. Whatever the mechanism, the smoke flavor has been found milder and preferable when addition of carbamide and fatty acid has been made to blends high in stems.
• EXAMPLE 1 A mixture of lamina scrap, tobacco dust, and stems, consisting of approximately percent stem and 25 percent leaf, was extracted with water in accordance with the process described and the fibrous residue was beaten and formed into a paper-like sheet by ordinary papermaking techniques. Meanwhile, the extract was concentrated by evaporation to about 45 percent solids, and to it was added controlled amounts of the fatty acid as a potassium soap and carbamide.
• the fatty acid employed was commercially available extra pure palmitic acid, which upon analysis was found to contain percent palmitic acid (C-l6) and 5 percent stearic acid (C-1 8). The extract with the additives was introduced into the sheet by means ofa size press.
• the amount of extract added was controlled so that the amount of extractables in the dried final product was about 50 percent, the concentration of the fatty acid being 3.35 percent, by weight, of the stem portion of the reconstituted tobacco sheet, and the concentration of carbamide being 2 percent, by weight, of the stem portion of the reconstituted tobacco sheet.
• reconstituted tobacco was made exactly as described above, except no fatty acid or carbamide were added to the extract.
• EXAMPLE II Reconstituted tobacco was made according to the procedure described in Example 1, except that pure palmitic acid was used, having an analysis of 90 percent palmitic acid (C-1 6) and 10 percent stearic (C-l8), in place of extra pure palmitic acid. Cigarettes made from this tobacco had excellent flavor, equal to that of the cigarettes of Example I.
• EXAMPLE Ill Reconstituted tobacco was made according to the procedure described in Example I, except that food grade" palmitic acid was used, having an analysis of 70 percent palmitic acid (C-16), 25 percent stearic acid (Cl8), and 5 percent other saturated fatty acids, in place of extra pure palmitic acid. Cigarettes made from this tobacco had flavor almost as good as the cigarettes of Examples I and Il.
• Natural tobacco fragments containing about .60 percent stems were powdered to such a degree that all passed through a 20 mesh (Le, 20 openings per linear inch), screen and a substantial part through a 40 mesh screen.
• One hundred parts of the powdered tobacco was mixed into the solution, producing a pasty disperson.
• the latter was spread to form a film of such thickness that after drying in a stream of warm air to a moisture content of about percent a dry film was obtained which approximated the thickness and weight of natural tobacco.
• the carbamide content of ,the film was 1.1 percent, by weight, of the stem portion, and the fatty acid content was 1.2 percent, by weight, of the stem portion.
• the reconstituted sheet was shredded and made into cigarettes whose flavor and mildness were superior to cigarettes made from reconstituted tobacco made as described above but without the addition of carbamide and potassium palmitate.
• EXAMPLE Vlll were then blended with leaf shreds, the stems being Examples l and ll percent of the final mix. Cigarettes made from this blend were again preferred by the smoking panel over those made from the same blend using untreated crushed stems.
• a reconstituted sheet for use as a little cigar wrapper or a binder sheet for cigars can be made by the same techniques outlined in Examples I-VII. In these cases, particularly in the little-cigar wrapper sheet, some wood fiber may be added to the tobacco sheet to strengthen it, but at the same time increasing the need for smoke flavor improvement.
• EXAMPLE IX Following the procedure used in Example I with a mixture of cigar tobacco of which percent was stem and 30 percent lamina, 20 percent un-bleached kraft pulp was added to the fibrous residue. To the concentrated extract was added enough palmitic acid soap and carbamide to give 1 percent palmitic acid and 4 percent carbamide, both percentages being by weight of the stems and kraft pulp portion of the reconstituted sheet. This sheet was tested by shredding and forming into cigarettes. All of the smokers preferred the cigarettes with the carbamide-palmitic additives to cigarettes which were identical except for the absence of the additives.
• a smoking product comprising a tobacco composition which includes a substantial proportion of tobacco stem material whose tasteand aroma-generating characteristics, when burned, are inferior to those of burning tobacco leaf lamina, said tobacco composition including carbarnide and a saturated fatty acid composition having a carbon chain length of l6-l8, said carbamide being present in an amount from 1.0 to 3.0 percent, by weight, of the stem material, and said fatty acid composition being present in an amount from 1.0 to 4.0 percent, by weight, of the stem material, said ,carbamide and fatty acid imparting to the stem material, when it burns, some of characteristic taste and smell of burning tobacco leaf lamina.
• a smoking product as defined in claim 1 wherein said tobacco composition comprises an intermixture of natural tobacco and reconstituted tobacco.

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• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Toxicology (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Manufacture Of Tobacco Products (AREA)
• Paper (AREA)

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Publications (1)

Family

ID=22427627

Family Applications (1)

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Cited By (12)

Families Citing this family (5)

Citations (5)

• 1971
  • 1971-03-22 US US00126967A patent/US3729009A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 1972
  • 1972-02-08 ZA ZA720813A patent/ZA72813B/xx unknown
  • 1972-02-09 CA CA134,352A patent/CA942151A/en not_active Expired
  • 1972-02-10 GB GB620172A patent/GB1352663A/en not_active Expired
  • 1972-02-14 DE DE19722206859 patent/DE2206859A1/de active Pending
  • 1972-02-16 CH CH222072A patent/CH563730A5/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1972-03-21 FR FR7209827A patent/FR2131501A5/fr not_active Expired

Patent Citations (5)

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