Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M1/00—Liquid compositions essentially based on mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils; Their use as lubricants
  • C10M1/08—Liquid compositions essentially based on mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils; Their use as lubricants with additives
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/28—Esters
  • C10M2207/281—Esters of (cyclo)aliphatic monocarboxylic acids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/28—Esters
  • C10M2207/282—Esters of (cyclo)aliphatic oolycarboxylic acids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/28—Esters
  • C10M2207/283—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/28—Esters
  • C10M2207/286—Esters of polymerised unsaturated acids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
  • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
  • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
  • C10M2223/041—Triaryl phosphates
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
  • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
  • C10M2223/042—Metal salts thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
  • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
  • C10M2223/043—Ammonium or amine salts thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
  • C10N2030/08—Resistance to extreme temperature
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/12—Gas-turbines
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/12—Gas-turbines
  • C10N2040/13—Aircraft turbines

Definitions

• An EP additive package for aviation ester lubes comprises a triaryl phosphate and dialkylamine hydrocarbyl phosphate, optionally in admixture with dihydrocarbyl alkylamine phosphate.
• the present invention relates to an additive for use in a lubricating composition.
• Lubricating compositions are required to enable parts to move relative to each other with a minimum of friction.
• the more viscous the lubricating composition at the operating temperature the more easily it is able to maintain an apparent separation between the relatively moving parts when a load is applied which tends to force the two parts together.
• high viscosity lubricating compositions are subjected to a number of disadvantages compared with lower viscosity compositions of the same chemical type, among which is a greater tendency to decompose under the action of heat to non-volatile deposits, such as coke.
• the problem is particularly acute when the parts to be lubricated are the bearings of the turbine spool of gas turbine engines, although the problem may be met in other connections.
• One method of overcoming the problem is to employ a relatively low viscosity lubricating composition which is accordingly less prone to form non-volatile decomposition products at elevated temperatures.
• a relatively low viscosity lubricating composition which is accordingly less prone to form non-volatile decomposition products at elevated temperatures.
• such compositions are generally less able to resist the loadings and thus prevent wear between the relatively moving parts, a property which is generally correlated with their kinematic viscosities, and it is advantageous to incorporate in such compositions additives which improve their load-bearing properties.
• an additive for use in a lubricating composition comprising the combination of a component (a) which is a neutral (as hereinafter defined) hydrocarbyl phosphate with a component (b) which is a neutral alkylamine hydrocarbyl phosphate at least some of which is dialkylamine monohydrocarbyl phosphate.
• neutral phosphate is meant a derivative of phosphoric acid in which all three replaceable hydrogen atoms of each molecule of phosphoric acid have been replaced by the said substituents.
• Each alkylamine group in component (b) may have from 8 to 18 carbon atoms, more preferably 10 to 14 carbon atoms, and the alkyl radical of at least one of the alkylamine groups may be a tertiary alkyl radical.
• the hydrocarbyl group(s) of component (b) may be alkyl or aryl and have from 1 to- 9 carbon atoms.
• Preferably the hydrocarbyl group(s) are C -C aliphatic.
• hydrocarbyl groups of component (a) may be the same or different and either alkyl, aryl or aralkyl.
• the proportion of component (a) will exceed the proportion of component (b) and the component r.
• (a) may form from 50 to 97.5 wt. percent of the additive preferably to 97.5 wt. percent.
• the additive may also comprise a metal deactivator to mitigate corrosion of metal that the additive contacts when in use in a lubricating composition, an oxidation inhibitor to inhibit oxidation of the lubricating composition, and an anti-foaming agent.
• the additive of the invention is found to impart a surprising improvement to the load carrying properties of lubricants, and hence it is possible to employ lubricants which are less prone to generate non-volatile deposits under the action of heat. without reducing the loading on the relatively movable parts which are to be lubricated thereby.
• the invention also includes a lubricating composition comprising a major proportion of a lubricant and a minor proportion of the additive as hereinbefore described.
• the said lubricant may be of any type, such as hydrocarbon or polyether, but preferably comprises at least one ester, and the ester(s) may be of the so-called hindered type in which there is a quaternary carbon atom either in the alcohol residue(s) beta to the ester linkage(s) and/or in the acid residue(s) alpha to the ester linkage(s).
• the ester lubricant may have a viscosity at 210 F. of 7 centistokes or less, for example, between 2 and 6 centistokes, e.g. about 3.3 centistokes.
• the lubricant may have such relatively low viscosities, and correspondingly low load bearing properties (since, generally speaking, for a given type of lubricant, the load bearing properties improve as the viscosity increases)
• a lubricating composition in accordance with the invention has load bearing properties which are surprisingly high in comparison with the lubricant alone and unexpectedly high in comparison with combinations of the lubricant either with component (a) alone or component (b) alone.
• the component (a) may form from 1 to 4 wt. percent of the composition preferably 1.5 to 2.5 wt. percent, while the component (b) may form from 0.025 to 1.0 wt. percent, preferably 0.05 to 0.25 wt. percent of the composition.
• the base lubricants were (i) Lubricant -A having a viscosity at 210 F. of 5.3 centistokes which is a tetraester of pentaerythritol esterified with a mixture of C -C monocarboxylic acids, and, (ii) Lubricant 13 having a viscosity of 210 F. of 3.3 centistokes and which is a mixture of esters comprising 92 wt. percent of the triester of trimethylol propane esterified with a mixture of approximately C C, monocarboxylic acids and 8 wt. percent neopentyl glycol dipelargonate.
• both Lubricants A and B were provided with well-known additives to inhibit oxidation of the lubricants and corrosion of metal which the lubricants contact: the concentrations of the oxidation and corrosion inhibitors were approximately the optimum concentrations for their inhibitory action.
• a small proportion (0.001 wt. percent) of a known silicone anti-foam agent was included in the lubricants.
• the lubricants with their oxidation and corrosion inhibitors had approximately the following composition in parts by weight.
• Lubricant A including its oxidation and corrosion inhibitors
• the chosen exemplary neutral hydrocarbyl phosphate component (a) was cresyl diphenyl phosphate. This is a commercially available compound which is generally prepared by the action of phosphorus oxychloride on a mixture of cresols and phenols.
• the chosen exemplary alkylamine hydrocarbyl phosphate component (b) was the easily-made reaction product of a mixture of methyl monoand di-hydrogen phosphates with a commercially available alkylamine product known as Primene 81-R" which is, on average, a C tertiary aliphatic amine.
• the component (b) was made as follows:
• reaction product is acidified with hydrochloric acid to give the corresponding methyl substituted acid phosphates, and ether extracted.
• the final product (b) should be dialkylamine monohydrocarbyl phosphate which is completely free from the dihydrocarbyl alkylamine phosphate, the small proportion of dimethyl hydrogen phosphate can be separated from the dihydrogen methyl phosphate by fractional distillation under reduced pressure.
• preliminary studies showed that the presence of the monoalkylamine derivative did not substantially derogate from the advantages of the additive of the invention, especially when the dialkylamine derivative formed the larger proportion of component (b).
• the component (b) was, therefore, obtained from the aforesaid mixture of acid methyl phosphates derived by the first described procedure by neutralisation with Primene 81-R: any water remaining in the product was removed by azeotropic distillation.
• pilot test No. 4 provides a result which is surprisingly good in relation to any of the previous tests, and indicates some sort of interaction or synergism between the various additives bearing in mind that increments in loading between any two tests bear approximately a logarithmic relationship to each other. There is no apparent reason for this synergism, and the unexpected discovery forms the basis of the present invention.
• Test No. 4 gives a load-bearing result for Lubricant A which suggests that the somewhat poorer load bearing properties of the aforedescribed lower viscosity Lubricant B might be improved to a considerable extent sufiicient to render it suitable for use under loading conditions which previously had been considered too severe.
• the failure loads on the TAB machine bear a simple linear relationship to each other, and the results, which are tabulated in Table III below are the failure loads expressed, as is customary in the art, as a percentage of the failure load of a reference lubricant which is a mixture of esters of C C dicarboxylic acids with C C alcohols having a viscosity at 210 F. of 7.5 cs. (i.e. considerably higher than the viscosity of Lubricant B at 210 F).
• the chosen component (a) was tricresyl phosphate, which is available commercially and may be made in a manner analogous to that described hereinabove for cresyl diphenyl phosphate.
• the high temperature stability of the compositions employed in tests 1 and 3 of Table III were investigated by the Rolls-Royce confined heat stability test, in which a number of samples of a given lubricant are disposed in closed stainless steel containers for 192 hours, and each container is maintained at a particular temperature for this time. After 192 hours, the samples are tested to determine the weight of toluene-insoluble material: the proportion of tolueneinsoluble material is considered to be a measure of the amount of non-volatile deposit at the test temperature of each sample and an approximation to the proportion of such deposit under operating conditions.
• the composition of test 3 in accordance with the invention will deposit even less non-volatile material at elevated temperatures than the Lubricant B in combination with component (a).
• component (a) may equally be any neutral hydrocarbyl phosphate which is soluble in the base lubricant: the aryl or alkaryl neutral phosphates are particularly preferred although neutral aliphatic phosphates may also be used.
• the hydrocarbyl group may be alkyl, phenyl or aralkyl, preferably alkyl, and with from 1 to 9, preferably 1 to 4, carbon atoms per group.
• the alkylamine group may have on average 8 to 18 carbon atoms per group, preferably 10 to 14 carbon atoms, and may have a tertiary alkyl radical in each alkylamine group.
• An additive for use in a lubricating composition in load-bearing improving amounts comprising the combination of 50 to 97.5 weight percent of a component (a) which is a neutral hydroca-rbyl phosphate in which all three replaceable hydrogen atoms of the phosphate molecule have been replaced by hydrocarbyl groups, and 2.5 to 50 Weight percent of a component (b) which is a neutral alkylamine hydrocarbyl phosphate salt at least some of which is a monohydrocarbyl di(alkylamine) phosphate, in which the hydrocarbyl group of component (b) has from 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
• component (b) includes a neutral monoalkylamine dihydrocarbyl phosphate.
• a lubricating composition comprising a major proportion by weight of a lubricant and a minor proportion by weight of the additive in accordance with claim 1.
• composition according to claim 8 in which the lubricant comprises at least one ester.
• composition according to claim 8 in which component (a) forms 1 to 4 wt. percent of the composition.
• composition according to claim 13 in which component (a) forms 1.5 to 2.5 wt. percent.
• composition according to claim 8 in which component (b) forms 0.025 to 1.0 wt. percent of the composition.
• composition according to claim 13 in which component (b) forms from 0.05 to 0.25 wt. percent.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Lubricants (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Publications (1)

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ID=10463076

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (5)

Cited By (8)

Families Citing this family (1)

Family Cites Families (4)

• 1969
  • 1969-10-24 GB GB5221769A patent/GB1266214A/en not_active Expired
• 1970
  • 1970-09-19 DE DE2046368A patent/DE2046368B2/de active Granted
  • 1970-10-06 US US00078599A patent/US3728260A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1970-10-23 FR FR7038449A patent/FR2065517B1/fr not_active Expired
  • 1970-10-23 JP JP45093395A patent/JPS4923573B1/ja active Pending

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