US3725797A - Method and apparatus for forming a beam of charged particles - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for forming a beam of charged particles Download PDF

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Publication number
US3725797A
US3725797A US00136967A US3725797DA US3725797A US 3725797 A US3725797 A US 3725797A US 00136967 A US00136967 A US 00136967A US 3725797D A US3725797D A US 3725797DA US 3725797 A US3725797 A US 3725797A
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Prior art keywords
electric field
target
charged particles
direct current
particles
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US00136967A
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English (en)
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S Masuda
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/22—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern involving the combination of more than one step according to groups G03G13/02 - G03G13/20
    • G03G15/34—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern involving the combination of more than one step according to groups G03G13/02 - G03G13/20 in which the powder image is formed directly on the recording material, e.g. by using a liquid toner
    • G03G15/344—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern involving the combination of more than one step according to groups G03G13/02 - G03G13/20 in which the powder image is formed directly on the recording material, e.g. by using a liquid toner by selectively transferring the powder to the recording medium, e.g. by using a LED array
    • G03G15/346—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern involving the combination of more than one step according to groups G03G13/02 - G03G13/20 in which the powder image is formed directly on the recording material, e.g. by using a liquid toner by selectively transferring the powder to the recording medium, e.g. by using a LED array by modulating the powder through holes or a slit
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B5/00—Electrostatic spraying apparatus; Spraying apparatus with means for charging the spray electrically; Apparatus for spraying liquids or other fluent materials by other electric means
    • B05B5/08—Plant for applying liquids or other fluent materials to objects
    • B05B5/087—Arrangements of electrodes, e.g. of charging, shielding, collecting electrodes
    • B05B5/088—Arrangements of electrodes, e.g. of charging, shielding, collecting electrodes for creating electric field curtains
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01—Ink jet
    • B41J2/07—Ink jet characterised by jet control
    • B41J2/105—Ink jet characterised by jet control for binary-valued deflection
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21K—TECHNIQUES FOR HANDLING PARTICLES OR IONISING RADIATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; IRRADIATION DEVICES; GAMMA RAY OR X-RAY MICROSCOPES
    • G21K1/00—Arrangements for handling particles or ionising radiation, e.g. focusing or moderating
    • G21K1/08—Deviation, concentration or focusing of the beam by electric or magnetic means
    • G21K1/087—Deviation, concentration or focusing of the beam by electric or magnetic means by electrical means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J29/00—Details of cathode-ray tubes or of electron-beam tubes of the types covered by group H01J31/00
    • H01J29/46—Arrangements of electrodes and associated parts for generating or controlling the ray or beam, e.g. electron-optical arrangement
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
    • H01J37/02—Details
    • H01J37/04—Arrangements of electrodes and associated parts for generating or controlling the discharge, e.g. electron-optical arrangement or ion-optical arrangement

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to method and apparatus for forming a charged particle cloud confined in an electric field and provides method and apparatus effectively utilizable in the field of powder technology, in electrostatic painting, development in electrophotography, electrostatic selection and printing, drawing and processing by means of a charged beam, etc.
  • the electric field curtain apparatus is able to confine a cloud of charged particles within a space without any contact with the components by means of an unequal alternating field, and to block the migration of the charged particles to other regions.
  • the principal object of the present invention is to form a concentrated cloud of charged particles confined within an electric field.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide for the direction of such a cloud to a target in the form of a concentrated beam.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide for the selective passage of such a concentrated beam to a target by applying a voltage to a gate electrode.
  • the apparatus of the present invention involves the provision of a plate electrode at an appropriate distance from one end of a plurality of spaced annular electrodes arranged to produce an unequal alternating electric field curtain apparatus at the end of said electric charged particles introduced at the opposite end of the electrode assembly and are are retained in space by the unequal alternating electric field.
  • a hole in said plate electrode provides for the passage of the charged particles in the form of a beam to a target electrode located next to said plate electrode.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view, partially in perspective, of apparatus embodying the features and illustrating the method of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a fragmentary view, taken along the line lI-II in FIG. 1, showing the alternating electric field associated with the annular electrodes of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a fragmentary view taken along the same line as FIG. 2 and showing the arrangement of charged particles produced by the alternating electric field of FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a fragmentary view, similar to FIG. 2, showing the alternating electric field associated with the plate electrode of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 5 is a fragmentary view, similar to FIG. 3, showing the arrangement of charged particles produced by the alternating electric field of FIG. 4.
  • FIG. 6 is a fragmentary view, similar to FIG. 3, showing the arrangement of charged particles produced by the combination of alternating electric field and direct current electric field.
  • FIG. 7 is a fragmentary view, similar to FIG. 6, showing the association of the charged particles with the plate electrode.
  • FIG. 8 is a fragmentary view, similar to FIG. 7, showing the association of the charged particles with the plate and target electrodes.
  • FIG. 9 is a fragmentary view, similar to FIG. 8, showing the association of a gate electrode with the plate and target electrodes.
  • this invention involves the provision of an electric field which includes one component capable of concentrating charged particles along a longitudinal axis and another component capable of moving the concentrated particles along said longitudinal axis toward a target.
  • said one component is provided by a single phase alternating current and the other component is provided by a direct current.
  • both components are provided by a multi-phase alternating current.
  • annular electrodes 1 are annular electrodes, 2 alternating high tension apparatus, 3 direct current power source which is supplied by division to each of the annular electrodes as shown in the figure. 8 are condensers, provided by necessity for applying alternating and direct currents in superposition to the annular electrodes 1.
  • the assembly of components 1, 2,3 and 8 is called an electric field curtain apparatus.
  • 4 and 5 are direct current sources 6 a plate electrode and 7 a target electrode.
  • the assembly of electrodes may be supported by any suitable means and the apparatus operated under normal atmospheric conditions, since it is not required that the apparatus be housed in an evacuated chamber. This renders the apparatus suitable for many uses, since the target electrode may be of any desired form in any desired environment.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 show how a charged particle cloud is confined within small a space by the application of alternating current.
  • the annular electrodes l are connected alternately with an alternating current source, and thus opposing alternating electric fields are established in the adjacent intervals of electrodes.
  • the polarities of the electrodes will be as shown in FIG. 2 and the resulting electric lines of force will be as shown by 9.
  • the charged particles provided by any conventional means and introduced within this electric field, move along the electric lines of force 9, but undergo oscillatory motion due to the alternating electric fields.
  • FIG. 3 shows how the charged particles 10 are held at the central parts of annular electrodes 1.
  • FIG. 4 Although a plate electrode 6 is positioned forwardly of the end electrode 1 a distance equal to one-half the distance between adjacent annular electrodes, only one half the alternating current voltage is supplied to it, whereby, the aspect of the electric field is not changed.
  • the arrows showing the direction of electric lines of force 9 are eliminated.
  • the annular electrode l-b on one side of the plate electrode 6 is taken off, the appearance of the electric field, as shown in full lines in FIG. 4, will not be changed. It appears as if annular electrode l-b is existing and the electric lines of force 9-a and 9-11 are in continuity. Ifthe charged particles 10 are introduced in such a state as the above, the ap pearance shown in FIG. 5 will be obtained and the ends of the group of annular electrodes will present the same appearance with the other.
  • a hole 6-b is provided for letting the charged particles 10 pass through the plate electrode 6 at the position where said charged particles would touch.
  • a target electrode 7 is provided in front of the plate electrode. If we apply a direct current voltage between the plate and target electrodes, the charged particles 10 will be directed to the target electrode 7. 11 is the electric lines of force established by the plate electrode 6 and the target electrode 7 and by the provision of this electrode the focused, charged particles are caused to arrive at a target object as a beam, without scattering.
  • FIG. 9 Another example of an apparatus for forming the charged particle cloud into a beam is shown in FIG. 9.
  • Passage of the charged particles to the target electrode can be controlled by providing a gate electrode 12 near the plate electrode 6.
  • a voltage for prohibiting the beam from passing from the plate electrode 6 to the target electrode is applied to the gate electrode 12, while at other times a voltage for passing the beam is applied in pulse form, as shown.
  • the charged particles fly to the target electrode 7 as a small lump.
  • the quantity of the particles can be controlled by the voltage and interval of the pulses.
  • the gate electrode 12 is bored to provide a hole which can pass the charged particles.
  • the electrode assembly constituting the electric field curtain apparatus may have such a construction as to be able to hold the charged particle cloud in space without coming in contact with others, as with quadrupole electrodes.
  • the electrode assembly constituting the electric field curtain apparatus may have such a construction as to be able to hold the charged particle cloud in space without coming in contact with others, as with quadrupole electrodes.
  • an example is given in which single phase alternating current and direct current are superposed, yet, if we use multiphase alternating current, a shifting electric field will be produced in the direction of phase rotation, so that the direct current source 3, 4 and condensers 8 are necessary.
  • the position of the plate electrode 6 and the applied voltage are said to be middle and half value, respectively.
  • the above position or voltage may be adequately increased or decreased.
  • the method of claim 1 including producing adjacent the direct current electric field an intermittent gating electric field for selectively opposing and enabling the passage of the concentrated beam to the target.
  • both components of the electric field are produced by a multi-phase alternating current.
  • Apparatus for forming a beam of charged particles comprising a. means for producing an elongated electric field having one component capable of concentrating charged particles along a longitudinal axis and another component capable of moving the charged particles along said axis to a target,
  • target means forwardly of said opposite end of the electric field producing means
  • the apparatus of claim 6 including means for producing adjacent the direct current electric field an intennittent gating electric field for selectively opposing and enabling the passage of the concentrated beam to the target.
  • the means for producing the electric field comprises l. a plurality of axially aligned and spaced-apart annular electrodes, and
  • the means for producing the target-directing direct current electric field comprises 1. a plate electrode positioned forwardly of the forwardmost annular electrode, the plate electrode having an opening therethrough in axial alignment with the annular electrodes,
  • the apparatus includes 1. capacitance means connecting the source of alternating current potential to each electrode, and 2. a source of direct current potential connected to each electrode.
  • a. the plate electrode is positioned forwardly of the forwardmost annular electrode a distance equal substantially to one-half the distance between annular electrodes,
  • the source of alternating current potential for the plate electrode is substantially one-half the magnitude of the alternating current potential for the annular electrodes
  • the source of direct current potential for the plate electrode is substantially one-half the magnitude of the direct current potential for the annular electrodes
  • the target means is positioned forwardly of the plate electrode a distance equal substantially to one-half the distance between annular electrodes.
  • the apparatus of claim 8 including a. a gate electrode adjacent the plate electrode having an axially aligned opening therethrough, and
  • a source of gating potential connected to the gate electrode for selectively opposing and enabling the passage of the concentrated beam of charged particles to the target.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electrostatic Separation (AREA)
  • Electrostatic Spraying Apparatus (AREA)
  • Particle Accelerators (AREA)
US00136967A 1970-04-28 1971-04-23 Method and apparatus for forming a beam of charged particles Expired - Lifetime US3725797A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP45036500A JPS512497B1 (de) 1970-04-28 1970-04-28

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US3725797A true US3725797A (en) 1973-04-03

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2337961A1 (fr) * 1976-01-08 1977-08-05 Onoda Cement Co Ltd Dispositif pour produire des particules chargees
FR2423338A1 (fr) * 1977-12-09 1979-11-16 Ibm Procede et dispositif pour compenser l'instabilite d'une suite de gouttelettes d'encre
FR2444568A1 (fr) * 1978-12-18 1980-07-18 Xerox Corp Lentille electrostatique a champs multiples pour jets d'encre et son application imprimante
FR2472194A1 (fr) * 1979-12-20 1981-06-26 Schwerionenforsch Gmbh Procede pour la production de traces nucleaires ou de microtrous d'un ion unique, obtenus a partir de traces nucleaires, et dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre du procede

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3122882A (en) * 1960-11-23 1964-03-03 Aerojet General Co Propulsion means
US3178601A (en) * 1961-07-18 1965-04-13 Radiation Dynamics Beam tube
US3316443A (en) * 1961-08-23 1967-04-25 Robert A Cornog Magnetic field controlled apparatus with means to oscillate electrons for the ionization of gas molecules
US3366886A (en) * 1965-10-24 1968-01-30 Hugh L. Dryden Linear accelerator frequency control system
US3402358A (en) * 1964-11-09 1968-09-17 Research Corp Neutral particle beam accelerator having transverse electrodes and steering means for the particle beam
US3519942A (en) * 1966-04-13 1970-07-07 Ralph C Mobley Apparatus for providing short bunches of charged molecular,atomic,or nuclear particles

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3122882A (en) * 1960-11-23 1964-03-03 Aerojet General Co Propulsion means
US3178601A (en) * 1961-07-18 1965-04-13 Radiation Dynamics Beam tube
US3316443A (en) * 1961-08-23 1967-04-25 Robert A Cornog Magnetic field controlled apparatus with means to oscillate electrons for the ionization of gas molecules
US3402358A (en) * 1964-11-09 1968-09-17 Research Corp Neutral particle beam accelerator having transverse electrodes and steering means for the particle beam
US3366886A (en) * 1965-10-24 1968-01-30 Hugh L. Dryden Linear accelerator frequency control system
US3519942A (en) * 1966-04-13 1970-07-07 Ralph C Mobley Apparatus for providing short bunches of charged molecular,atomic,or nuclear particles

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2337961A1 (fr) * 1976-01-08 1977-08-05 Onoda Cement Co Ltd Dispositif pour produire des particules chargees
FR2423338A1 (fr) * 1977-12-09 1979-11-16 Ibm Procede et dispositif pour compenser l'instabilite d'une suite de gouttelettes d'encre
FR2444568A1 (fr) * 1978-12-18 1980-07-18 Xerox Corp Lentille electrostatique a champs multiples pour jets d'encre et son application imprimante
FR2472194A1 (fr) * 1979-12-20 1981-06-26 Schwerionenforsch Gmbh Procede pour la production de traces nucleaires ou de microtrous d'un ion unique, obtenus a partir de traces nucleaires, et dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre du procede
US4369370A (en) * 1979-12-20 1983-01-18 Gesellschaft Fur Schwerionenforschung Mbh Darmstadt Method for producing nuclear traces or microholes originating from nuclear traces of an individual ion

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