US3725206A - Desalination plant - Google Patents
Desalination plant Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3725206A US3725206A US00070816A US3725206DA US3725206A US 3725206 A US3725206 A US 3725206A US 00070816 A US00070816 A US 00070816A US 3725206D A US3725206D A US 3725206DA US 3725206 A US3725206 A US 3725206A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- evaporator
- condenser
- water
- vacuum
- brine
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
- C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S159/00—Concentrating evaporators
- Y10S159/02—Entrainment
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S159/00—Concentrating evaporators
- Y10S159/16—Vacuum
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S159/00—Concentrating evaporators
- Y10S159/42—Seals
Definitions
- This invention relates to an improved desalinisation plant. i
- the pumps capable of producing high vacuum while pumping either gaseous or liquid tuids comprise water sealed gear pumps having a liquid trap at the outlet and recirculation tubes extending from the liquid trap to the inlet of the pump and the bearing means supporting the drive shaft.
- the bearing means has a substantially cylindrical wall disposed about the shafts of the pump and has an annular recess intermediate its ends.
- One of the recirculation tubes serves as the conduit means for supplying the sealing liquid from the liquid trap to the recess.
- a first clearance between the wall and the drive shaft is greater between the recess and the gears of the gear pump than a second clearance between the wall and the drive shaft over the remainder of the portion of the bearing means exteriorly of the recess.
- the inward passage of a small quantity of the liquid from the liquid trap blocks the flow of any other uid longitudinally of the shafts and allows a high vacuum to be produced.
- the second clearance serves as at least a portion of the seal to block outward passage of the liquid from the liquid trap longitudinally of the shaft exteriorly of the recess.
- an object of the invention is to provide a desalinisation unit of high eliiciency and with a minimum of complications so far as mechanisation is concerned.
- the unit according to this invention can conveniently comprise an evaporator 1 having a condenser 2 within it for heat exchange purposes, the water to be purified being drawn by means of a low pressure system from a supply tank 18, through a heat exchange tank.
- the product water outlet line 9 goes from the condenser through a heat exchanger 5, in heat exchange with the incoming feed water, to a vacuum pump 10 which maintains the required vacuum within the system, and from the vacuum pump 10 the product water passes through a heat exchanger 11 which can be in the same heat exchanger tank 3 as the brine heat exchanger 17 so that all of the remaining heat is given up from not only the brine but also from the product water to the incoming Water for the evaporator.
- the actual construction of the evaporator and condenser should be such that the simple and effective unit is provided which can be readily cleaned and therefore presents no problems when say the tubes must be exchanged, this is preferably achieved by having an outer shell which forms the evaporator itself and is adapted to contain the brine, and into this is placed from one end a nest of tubes provided with the necessary headers so that the header at one end is disposed within the evaporator while the header at the other end is formed as a closure means for that end of the evaporator, the header at the inner end having a tube projecting outwardly through a stuffing gland in the evaporator casing so that to position the unit it is only necessary to loosen the holding means and the gland and to withdraw the tube and header assembly, leaving an evaporator shell ready for cleaning, repositioning being simply a reverse of that and that it is only necessary to put the tube assembly back into the evaporator shell and secure it in position to seal the unit.
- the shell contains the liquid
- the tube assembly is adapted to contain the vapour or steam, the steam being drawn from the evaporator through liquid extractor barangs 12 into a blower 13 driven by a motor 19, which then forces the steam or vapour through the tubes to the vacuum pump 10.
- the vacuum pump 10 draws the products of vapourisation through the circuit itself, but the purpose of the blower 13 is to maintain a pressure differential between the evaporator 1 and the condenser 2 so that the evaporator pressure will be lower than the condenser pressure to enhance the production of steam in the evaporator 1 and its passage in heat exchange with the evaporating liquid to the vacuum pump y which also serves as stated earlier to draw off the product water after such water has given up any remaining heat to the incoming water.
- the vacuum pump 10 which has a water seal so arranged that a simple gear pump or the like can be used to produce the required vacuum, the gear pump or the like being sealed by means of the water flow which is appropriately recirculated from a liquid trap in the outlet section of the pump as described in the copending Australian patent application No. 60,7l83/ 69.
- the evaporator 1 and condenser 2 are a unitary structure which can be readily dismantled and reassembled and if scaling or the like occurs no problem results because these units are readily changed and cleaned.
- the brine feed to the evaporator 1 passes through a control valve 14 which regulates the amount of ilow in relation to the high vacuum existing in the evaporator 1 and condenser 2, and as stated air separation is preferably effected by means of a separator 6 which has an inlet tube 1S projecting part way up a vessel 16 and the lower end of which vessel 16 leads to the inside of the evaporator shell 1, but the upper part of the vessel 16 which is above the normal water level in the evaporator has a vacuum applied to it by means of a second vacuum pump which we term the brine pump 8 and therefore any air which is entrained in the water owing into the circuit is drawn off at this point to ensure the maintaining of the required vacuum within the circuit.
- the same brine pump 8 of course also connects to the evaporator shell via heat exchanger 4 at an elevated locality such that the tubes of the condenser are kept covered with brine, and this overflow brine is taken through the heat exchanger 4 in heat exchange with the incoming saline feed water to the brine pump 8 which is also supplied with a liquid trap and recirculation tubes to ensure that this 'brine pump in spite of its being a simple gear pump or the like is capable of drawing the necessary vacuum, the brine pump 8 passing its concentrated product in heat exchange with the incoming saline feed water to the dense brine outlet.
- the amount of flow through this pump ⁇ 8 is so arranged that suicient water is drawn off to maintain the correct brine level in the evaporator shell 1.
- the condenser 2 is kept at a low pressure immediately by suction applied by the main vacuum pump 10 but the evaporator is also coupled through the vacuum pump 8 which discharges a certain amount of brine, both of these pumps thus holding the relatively low pressures within the condenser 2 and evaporator 1, but the evaporator pressure is further lowered by the blower 13 between the evaporator 1 and condenser 2 so that there is the required differential which will enhance boiling of the liquid in the evaporator shell 1 due to the vacuum and as evaporation lowers the temperature the heat exchange with the condenser 2 is beneficial to produce a system which requires no outside supply of heat such as solar pan or the like -but because of the extremely low pressure existing in the evaporator 1 and condenser 2 the liquid is boiled at a high rate and while steam passes over to the condenser 2 and is eventually pumped away through the vacuum pump 10 to the product water outlet, the incoming brine is diluted by the brine pump 8 drawing off a
- the air separation chamber y6 may not be utilised, but instead the brine feed line may be connected directly to the evaporator, the control valve 14 regulating the flow and the two vacuum pumps 8 and 10 being effective to withdraw any air entering the System.
- the vacuum produced by the blower 13 and the vacuum pumps v8 and 10 causes a chilling effect, and there will be a degree of heat ow into the evaporator from the surrounding air.
- the only heat added to the system is the heat of compression by the blower, thus forming an entirely selfsupporting plant in which the plant is entirely self sustaining, and relies for its operation on the high vacuum produced.
- blower which is disposed between the evaporator shell and the condenser can be of a type similar to the gear pumps suggested for the vacuum producing members in which case a simple drive is possible through the use of sealing water from the system itself.
- supply means for supplying saline feed I'water to said evaporator
- a condenser disposed within the water space of the evaporator so that heat given up by a fluid condensing within the condenser is transferred to the saline water in the evaporator;
- said rst means including:
- blower means including means for powering it so as to provide heat of compression and to establish a vapor flow from the evaporator to the condenser and to establish a lesser degree of high vacuum within said condenser such that the latent heat of vaporization of a uid condensing within the condenser will ow from the condenser into the saline water at said high degree of vacuum in said evaporator, second means to withdraw condensate and any entrained air from the condenser to maintain the condenser at said lesser degree of high vacuum, and third means to withdraw concentrated brine and any entrained air from the evaporator for maintaining said high degree of vacuum therein; said first means maintaining a pressure differential between the evaporator and the condenser so that the evaporator pressure is lower than the condenser pressure to enhance the production of steam in the evaporator; said first means also maintaining said high degree of vacuum and said lesser degree of high vaccum such th'at ambient temperature conditions and heat of compression
- the apparatus being characterized in that the second means to withdraw the condensate from the condenser and the third means to withdraw the concentrated brine from the evaporator each comprise a water sealed, gear-type vacuum pump having the capability of pumping both gaseous and liquid fluids and maintaining said high degree of vacuum;
- first and second indirect heat exchangers are connected serially with said supply means and with said evapo- Iator to preheat feed therefor; said first heat exchanger also being connected with said second and third means and said second heat exchanger also being connected with said evaporator such that the saline feed water passes through said first heat exchanger in indirect heat exchanging relation with both the warm condensate and the warmer concentrated brine from said second and third means respectively, and is further heated by passing through said second heat exchanger in heat exchanging relation with the concentrated brine as it is withdrawn from the evaporator and before the concentrated brine passes to the first heat exchanger.
- Apparatus for effecting desalination of saline water as defined in claim 1 wherein a third heat exchanger is serially connected with said second heat exchanger and said evaporator; said third heat exchanger being also connected with said condenser such that the saline feed water is finally heated by passing through said third heat exchanger in heat exchanging relation with the condensate as it is withdrawn from the condenser and before the condensate passes to the first heat exchanger.
- supply means for supplying saline feed water to said evaporator
- a condenser disposed within the water space of the evaporator so that heat given up by a fluid condensing within the condenser is transferred to the saline water in the evaporator;
- first means for evacuating the evaporator to a high said first means maintaining a pressure differential between the evaporator and the condenser so that the evaporator pressure is lower than the condenser pressure to enhance the production of steam in the evaporator;
- said first means also maintaining said -high degree of vacuum and said lesser degree of high vacuum such that ambient temperature conditions and heat of compression of said blower means alone are suicient for feasibly producing desalinised water without requiring a supplemental heat source for startup or for operation;
- the apparatus being characterized in that the second means to Withdraw the condensate from the condenser and the third means to withdraw the concentrated brine from the evaporator each comprise a water sealed, gear-type vacuum pump having the capability of pumping both gaseous and liquid fluids and maintaining said high degree of vacuum;
- said apparatus being further characterized in that an air separation chamber is provided at the saline water feed inlet to the evaporator, the air separation chamber being connected by a vacuum line to the inlet of the third means to withdraw the air from said air separation chamber simultaneously with the concentrated brine from the evaporator.
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Water, Waste Water Or Sewage (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU6078469 | 1969-09-11 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3725206A true US3725206A (en) | 1973-04-03 |
Family
ID=3745863
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US00070816A Expired - Lifetime US3725206A (en) | 1969-09-11 | 1970-09-09 | Desalination plant |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3725206A (en) |
CA (1) | CA939629A (en) |
DE (1) | DE2044918A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2062178A5 (en) |
GB (1) | GB1321448A (en) |
Cited By (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3893894A (en) * | 1973-06-13 | 1975-07-08 | Pollution Control Inc | Low temperature water purification system |
US3957588A (en) * | 1973-06-13 | 1976-05-18 | Pollution Control, Inc. | Evaporative and centrifugal apparatus for effecting concentration and/or purification of feed stocks |
US4181577A (en) * | 1974-07-18 | 1980-01-01 | Auscoteng Pty. Ltd. | Refrigeration type water desalinisation units |
US4249864A (en) * | 1978-06-19 | 1981-02-10 | Auscoteng Pty. Ltd. | Centrifugal pump system for water desalinization |
EP0198022A1 (en) * | 1984-10-05 | 1986-10-22 | Salfon Pty. Limited | Evaporative heat exchanger |
US4664751A (en) * | 1982-04-27 | 1987-05-12 | Nautical Services Pty. Ltd. | De-salinator for brackish salt water |
US4985122A (en) * | 1986-06-18 | 1991-01-15 | Vaqua Limited | Vacuum distillation apparatus and method with pretreatment |
US5211816A (en) * | 1989-01-06 | 1993-05-18 | Eco Pure, Inc. | Vacuum distillation apparatus for removal of volatile impurities from liquids |
US5232556A (en) * | 1991-09-30 | 1993-08-03 | Passarelli Frank J | Water desalination apparatus |
US5242548A (en) * | 1988-08-19 | 1993-09-07 | Youngner Philip G | Vacuum distillation apparatus |
US20040016631A1 (en) * | 2002-07-23 | 2004-01-29 | Madkour Yousry E. | Wave powered evaporation desalination system |
WO2004014802A1 (en) * | 2002-08-07 | 2004-02-19 | David Taran | Water-desalting plant |
US20110132550A1 (en) * | 2009-12-09 | 2011-06-09 | Industrial Idea Partners, Inc. | Single Chamber Adsorption Concentrator |
US20140360857A1 (en) * | 2012-09-07 | 2014-12-11 | Hse Hitit Solar Enerji A.S. | Steam condensation and water distillation system |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CA1334016C (en) * | 1987-10-26 | 1995-01-17 | Brian Hartley Keane | Low pressure distillation apparatus |
-
1970
- 1970-09-08 CA CA092,495A patent/CA939629A/en not_active Expired
- 1970-09-09 US US00070816A patent/US3725206A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1970-09-10 GB GB4333070A patent/GB1321448A/en not_active Expired
- 1970-09-11 FR FR7033048A patent/FR2062178A5/fr not_active Expired
- 1970-09-11 DE DE19702044918 patent/DE2044918A1/en not_active Ceased
Cited By (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3957588A (en) * | 1973-06-13 | 1976-05-18 | Pollution Control, Inc. | Evaporative and centrifugal apparatus for effecting concentration and/or purification of feed stocks |
US3893894A (en) * | 1973-06-13 | 1975-07-08 | Pollution Control Inc | Low temperature water purification system |
US4181577A (en) * | 1974-07-18 | 1980-01-01 | Auscoteng Pty. Ltd. | Refrigeration type water desalinisation units |
US4249864A (en) * | 1978-06-19 | 1981-02-10 | Auscoteng Pty. Ltd. | Centrifugal pump system for water desalinization |
US4664751A (en) * | 1982-04-27 | 1987-05-12 | Nautical Services Pty. Ltd. | De-salinator for brackish salt water |
EP0198022A1 (en) * | 1984-10-05 | 1986-10-22 | Salfon Pty. Limited | Evaporative heat exchanger |
EP0198022A4 (en) * | 1984-10-05 | 1988-02-05 | Salfon Pty Ltd | Evaporative heat exchanger. |
US4985122A (en) * | 1986-06-18 | 1991-01-15 | Vaqua Limited | Vacuum distillation apparatus and method with pretreatment |
US5242548A (en) * | 1988-08-19 | 1993-09-07 | Youngner Philip G | Vacuum distillation apparatus |
US5211816A (en) * | 1989-01-06 | 1993-05-18 | Eco Pure, Inc. | Vacuum distillation apparatus for removal of volatile impurities from liquids |
US5232556A (en) * | 1991-09-30 | 1993-08-03 | Passarelli Frank J | Water desalination apparatus |
US20040016631A1 (en) * | 2002-07-23 | 2004-01-29 | Madkour Yousry E. | Wave powered evaporation desalination system |
US7052582B2 (en) * | 2002-07-23 | 2006-05-30 | Madkour Yousry E | Wave powered evaporation desalination system |
WO2004014802A1 (en) * | 2002-08-07 | 2004-02-19 | David Taran | Water-desalting plant |
US20110132550A1 (en) * | 2009-12-09 | 2011-06-09 | Industrial Idea Partners, Inc. | Single Chamber Adsorption Concentrator |
US20140360857A1 (en) * | 2012-09-07 | 2014-12-11 | Hse Hitit Solar Enerji A.S. | Steam condensation and water distillation system |
US9908791B2 (en) * | 2012-09-07 | 2018-03-06 | Hse Hitit Solar Enerji Sirketi | Steam condensation and water distillation system |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB1321448A (en) | 1973-06-27 |
DE2044918A1 (en) | 1971-03-25 |
CA939629A (en) | 1974-01-08 |
FR2062178A5 (en) | 1971-06-25 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: HITECH DISTILLATION (INTERNATIONAL) PTY. LTD., 1ST Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:DARABELL PTY. LTD., A CORP OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA;REEL/FRAME:004481/0094 Effective date: 19850529 Owner name: CRADDOCK, RONALD ERNEST, LIQUIDATOR, 4 ANGAS STREE Free format text: APPOINTMENT OF LIQUIDATOR EFFECTIVE AUGUST 13, 1984;ASSIGNOR:AUSCOTENG PTY. LTD.;REEL/FRAME:004481/0095 Owner name: DARABELL PTY LTD., 210 GLEN OSMOND ROAD, FULLARTON Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:AUSCOTENG PTY. LIMITED (IN LIQUIDATION);REEL/FRAME:004481/0093 Effective date: 19850528 |
|
STCF | Information on status: patent grant |
Free format text: PATENTED FILE - (OLD CASE ADDED FOR FILE TRACKING PURPOSES) |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: VALUEPACE LIMITED,UNITED KINGDOM Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:HITECH DISTILLATION (INTERNATIONAL) PTY. LTD.,;REEL/FRAME:004845/0461 Effective date: 19870725 Owner name: VALUEPACE LIMITED, 28 CULVERDEN DOWN, TUNBRIDGE WE Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:HITECH DISTILLATION (INTERNATIONAL) PTY. LTD.,;REEL/FRAME:004845/0461 Effective date: 19870725 |