US3720537A - Process of coating an alloy substrate with an alloy - Google Patents

Process of coating an alloy substrate with an alloy Download PDF

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Publication number
US3720537A
US3720537A US00092932A US3720537DA US3720537A US 3720537 A US3720537 A US 3720537A US 00092932 A US00092932 A US 00092932A US 3720537D A US3720537D A US 3720537DA US 3720537 A US3720537 A US 3720537A
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coating
substrate
alloy
percent
coated
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US00092932A
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D Rigney
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RTX Corp
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United Aircraft Corp
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • C23C28/02—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material
    • C23C28/023—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material only coatings of metal elements only
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
    • B22F7/02—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite layers
    • B22F7/04—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite layers with one or more layers not made from powder, e.g. made from solid metal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C26/00—Coating not provided for in groups C23C2/00 - C23C24/00
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C30/00—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T50/00—Aeronautics or air transport
    • Y02T50/60—Efficient propulsion technologies, e.g. for aircraft

Definitions

  • C23C 17/00 dispersion of an aluminum alloy and a chromium-alu- 1 Field 01' Search 17/130 R, 160 1 FA, 50, minum alloy and then bonding the dispersion to the 1 17/31 substrate.
  • This invention relates to the treatment of metals and alloys to render them resistant to oxidation, sulfidation, and thermal shock. More specifically, the present invention concerns a process of forming a coating on metals and alloys and articles made therefrom. According to the present invention, a hard, high wear and oxidation resistant layer is formed on metals and alloys by applying a dispersion of powdered metals and metal alloys on the surface thereof. The coated surface is then heated to volatilize the suspending media, form a new alloy, and firmly dispose this alloy upon the article being coated.
  • Alloys have been developed which have special characteristics and are capable of retaining their mechanical strength at high operating temperatures. These alloys are useful in making structural parts for jet engines and gas turbines which have exacting demands made upon their strength because of elevated operating temperatures.
  • Typical of the alloys which may be coated according to the present invention are the so called nickel-base and cobalt-base superalloys, viz. those which generally contain -25 w/o Cr, 5-l5 w/o Mo, Ta or W and 2-8 We Al and Ti.
  • Also useful, but not possessing optimum characteristics as substrates are chromium-base and columbium-base alloys together with the iron base alloys such as tool steel.
  • the present invention involves a slurry technique in which a coating suspension is formed of a blend of metals and alloys.
  • the suspension is coated upon an alloy substrate, then heated to volatilize the suspending media and form an alloy thereupon.
  • the coated article is then cooled.
  • the product of the present process is an alloy which has a melting point far in excess of the article which serves as the substrate.
  • the ingredients which form the powder blend are all heated, they diffuse and react with each other and interact minimally with the substrate to form the desired coating.
  • finely divided alloys of cobaltaluminum, nickel-aluminum and/or iron-aluminum are mixed with chromium-aluminum alloy.
  • Yttrium may be added as an alloy of any of the four, but preferably as an alloy of the chromium aluminum. Because of the strong tendency of yttrium metal to oxidize, it is preferred to alloy it with other metals and alloys of the coating blend and then mix this alloy with the balance of the composition.
  • the final blend can contain 20 to 45 weight percent iron, nickel and/or cobalt together with 5 to 40 weight percent chromium and 20 to 50 weight percent aluminum.
  • Yttrium when present, should be used in quantities between about 0.02 and 2.5 weight percent.
  • Silicon can be introduced, if desired, in quantities less than 5 w/o to improve the coating chemistries.
  • Copper and manganese are generally added in quantities less than about percent and preferably between about 5 and 8 percent to inhibit sulfidation as mentioned above. Generally, these metals are introduced into the blend in their elemental form, however, they may be prealloyed with the other constituents, if desired.
  • the metallic powders whether as alloys or elements, usually have a size of the less than 325 mesh (43 microns) although coarser particles ranging in size from about mesh (147 microns) to 325 mesh may also be used. Especially good results are achieved when the size range of the metallic particles is less than 400 mesh (38 microns) or between about 0 and 38 microns. In other words, the finer the particles the better the coatings which are produced.
  • the method of applying coatings to articles which utilize metal powders or mixtures of metal powders result in coatings deriving their utility solely from interdiffusion of the major components of the substrate and the applied powder.
  • Joseph U.S. Pat. No. 3,102,044
  • pack cementation processes involve vapor transport of elements in the form of halides from the pack matrix to the surface of the article to be coated. Reaction of the vapors with the article produce a surface coating utilizing only the substrate components to produce the protective layer.
  • An additional method of applying alloyed coatings of cobalt-nickel-aluminum or iron-chromium-aluminum or nickel-chromium-aluminum is to physically deposit the alloy using vapor deposition techniques.
  • Vapor deposition of a coating is accomplished by forming a molten pool of the coating alloy in a vacuum chamber.
  • the parts to be coated are pre-heated to a fairly high temperature and the deposition is then accomplished by volatilizing the molten alloy onto the part.
  • vacuum deposition is a technique which does not readily lend itself to high speed production. Each time a part is to be coated, it must be placed in a bell jar or chamber and a vacuum must then be drawn.
  • a distinguishing characteristic of vapor deposited coatings is that the finished coating composition is transferred onto the substrate with very little substrate interaction. Therefore, to characterize the three methods: normal coatings produced by slurry and pack cementation methods produce coatings with major interactions with the substrate, the coatings produced by this invention involve minimal interaction with the substrate, and the vacuum deposited coatings involve only minor substrate reaction. The last two methods are particularly useful when coating articles of thin cross-section, in that the load-bearing capacity of the coated article is only slightly changed as a result of the coating process.
  • a suspension of the blend is made in a lacquer-like dispersant and this suspension is placed upon a cleaned substrate by spraying, brushing, dip-coating or electrophoretic deposition.
  • Techniques are already known for placing the metals and/or alloys in suspension and do not form a part of the present invention.
  • certain ratios of metallic powder to liquid dispersant are used. In general, a satisfactory ratio is about 25 to 70 percent by weight (w/o) metallic powder dispersant. Many dispersants may be used in the present invention.
  • ком ⁇ онентs such as methyl, ethyl, propyl and butyl alcohol, esters such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl and amyl acetate, and ketones, such as acetone.
  • solvents such as ethylene glycol and monoethyl ether. These organic solvents are merely illustrative of those that can be used and it is to be understood that many volatile liquids will act as suitable dispersants for metallic powders. Primarily, the volatile liquid should be safe to use at room temperature, inexpensive and fluid enough to allow for spray or dip-coating on a substrate.
  • a binder may be added to the liquid dispersant to hold the blend of metal powders upon the substrate.
  • the powder adheres to the substrate for prolonged periods of time and thereby eliminates the necessity of baking immediately after the coating step.
  • the binder should be substantially decomposable during sintering. Suitable binders include nitrocellulose, naphtalene, hydroxy propyl cellulose and certain stearates. Many other binders can also be used and the selection of one does not constitute a part of the present invention.
  • a dispersion of the metallic powders (having particle sizes as described previously) is mixed in the lacquer-like dispersant. Then the dispersion or slurry is then disposed upon the surface of a conventionally cleaned article to be coated by spraying, brushing, dipcoating or electrophoretic deposition. After applying the dispersion, the solvent is evaporated, thereby leaving a layer of powder on the substrate. If a binder is added to the dispersant, upon evaporation of the solvent, the binder will remain dispersed throughout the powder and will hold it to the substrate. Evaporation of the volatile solvent may be conveniently done by storing the coated substrate in the atmosphere at room temperature. When the solvent evaporates a fine layer of metallic powder is left on the surface and in any interstices, slots, holes, or other configurations of the substrate.
  • the thickness of the coating may vary somewhat from article to article. Usually a wet thickness (before firing) of 0.003 to 0.015 inch in thickness is contemplated. Such coatings lead to a thickness, after firing, of between about 0.001 and 0.005 inch. Preferably the thickness of the coating after firing is between about 0.001 and 0.006 inch. Frequently, two and even more coats are advantageous and the invention contemplates such practices.
  • the first coating reacts somewhat with the skin of the substrate to form a diffusion barrier layer and the second forms the oxidation resistant coating. In this manner, very oxidation resistant coatings which ruggedly adhere to the substrate are formed. When the solvent has been evaporated, the coated substrates are heated in a furnace to permanently fix the powder thereto.
  • the furnace is maintained at the sintering temperature of the powder, that is the temperature which will permanently bond the powder to the substrate by fusion.
  • the sintering temperature is just above the melting point of the powder and is, of course, less than the melting point of the substrate.
  • the sintering temperature of course, de-
  • sintering temperatures between about 1,800 and 2,300F. are specially suitable.
  • the sintering period can vary from about one-fourth to 10 hours and especially good results are achieved when the sintering is carried out for about one-fourth to 2 hours.
  • Especially good results are obtained with a second coating upon the coated substrate and reheating this combination a second time under a firing schedule which is similar to the first.
  • An inert or reducing atmosphere is generally preferred to sinter the coatings, however on some occasions vacuum sintering may be performed with equal suc cess.
  • Nickel and iron may be substituted in whole or in part for the cobalt in the Co Al alloy so as to form an iron-aluminum or nickel-aluminum alloy or mixtures thereof.
  • the blend is admixed with such dispersants, binders and wetting agents as are necessary to form a slurry having about 25 to w/o metallic powder, as is necessary for the particular coating operation which is utilized.
  • the dispersion is preformed, it is disposed on a part or substrate by the selected coating operation.
  • the solvents are volatilized and the coating is heated, at a temperature sufficient to sinter the coating metals but insufficient to the substrate, preferably between about 1,600" and 2,300F.
  • coating compositions are particularly useful with the nickel, cobalt, iron, columbium and chromium-based alloys generally, they have been formulated to the composition having particularly good results with the nickel-base and cobalt base superalloys.
  • the superalloys will be understood to be those strong, high-temperature materials which find particular utility in the very demanding environments such as gas turbine engines. Representative of these superalloys are those identified in the industry in the following Table 1.
  • Nb 0.05 Zr, 0.015 B, balance Ni W152 21. Cr, 1.75 Fe, ll. W, 2(Nb +Ta), 0.45 C,
  • the characteristic of the typical superalloy is its basis as a nickel-chromium or cobalt-chromium solid solution with the additions usually aluminum, titanium and/or of refractory metals for solution strengthening, and carbon, boron and zirconium to promote creeprupture ductility.
  • the super-alloys exhibit relatively good oxidation resistance at the temperatures associated with the hot section of a jet engine.
  • the coated article is heated to, 2',140F. for one-fourth to one-half hour, during which time sintering and diffusion takes place.
  • Excess coating material is cleaned off the substrate and the article is recoated as described previously and reheated.
  • a ductilization heat treatment can be made whereby the article is heated at 1,975F. for 4 to 8 hours. This treatment further diffuses the coating into the substrate and provides for homogenization of all materials in the coating. A significant improvement in thermal shock characteristics also results.
  • the metals and alloys had an average particle size less than 38 a and were dispersed in ethylene glycol monoethyl ether with hydroxy propyl cellulose as a binder with a concentration of 1,220 'g/liter of metal powder. The dispersion was sprayed upon a prepared surface of nickel alloy, Bl900.'The solvent was allowed to evaporate at room temperature.
  • the specimen was placed within a sealed chamber. The chamber was then purged of air by following purified argon through it until the effluent showed less than 10ppm H and Sppm O prescnt. The specimen was then heated to about 2,-l40F. for-onc-fourth hour, and allowed to cool. Excess non-reacted powder was removed by liquid honing and then a second coating of the same composition was sprayed on the specimen surface. The same thermal cycle was repeated. The total coating thickness was 0.008 inch. A control specimen of the same alloy coated with a conventional aluminide (0.0025 inch thick) according to established practice was also prepared.
  • the two specimens were exposed to an isothermal oxidation-erosion environment at 2,100F. Each specimen was examined at intervals for coating failure.
  • the prior art coating failed after 65 hours in test.
  • the sample coating of this invention failed after 97 hours in test.
  • the specific life, or life/unit thickness, for the prior art coating is 65 hours/2.5 mils or 26 hours/mil; the sample coating of this invention showed a 53.9 hours/mil (97/1 .8) specific life.
  • EXAMPLE ll A blend of the following was prepared and coated with the two cycle procedure described above onto B-1900 alloy except that the sinter cycles were run for one-half hour at 2,140F., and both were followed by an 8 hour heat treatment at 1,975F:
  • B1900 alloy airfoils were also coated in the same manner as described above and subjected to comparative testing in thermal shock against the prior art coating.
  • Specimens'with trailing edge dimensions of 0.040 inch showed failure of the prior art coated specimen at about 3,400 cycles; with the coating of this example, failure occurred at about 2,700 cycles.
  • Specimens of the prior art coating with trailing edge dimensions of 0.046 inch show failures near 1,300 cycles; those specimens having the same dimensions coated according to the example were discontinued after 5,000 cycles.
  • the coating having a melting point higher than that of the substrate, which comprises:
  • a blend f the f ll i was prepared and coated as volatilizing the dispersant and heating the substrate described in Example 1; to a temperature, below the melting temperature 50ppw Co Al (+1 w/o Y) of the substrate, to form the protective alloy coat- 50 CtmAiGo ing and bond it to the substrate; and
  • the alloy coating comprising an 70 2 M 3 29 Se uemi overlay on the substrate and having a melting point in Standard stan ard at 37,6 5 5 6 excess of that of the substrate, the coating being 7 [H900 g ggk 133 I08 formed in situ on the substrate surface and being sub- 4 SOCYMY' 2,170? stantially independent of the substrate constituents for 8 Co, 2 Mn its protective function, which comprises the steps of:

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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US00092932A 1970-11-25 1970-11-25 Process of coating an alloy substrate with an alloy Expired - Lifetime US3720537A (en)

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CA (1) CA951191A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2115147B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1362654A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3953193A (en) * 1973-04-23 1976-04-27 General Electric Company Coating powder mixture
US3961098A (en) * 1973-04-23 1976-06-01 General Electric Company Coated article and method and material of coating
US4045596A (en) * 1975-06-12 1977-08-30 Agence Nationale De Valorisation De La Recherche (Anvar) Superficial treatment of steel
DE2830851A1 (de) * 1977-07-14 1979-01-18 Fiat Spa Verfahren zur bildung von metalldiffusionsschutzueberzuegen
US4228203A (en) * 1978-01-27 1980-10-14 Toyo Kogyo Co., Ltd. Method of forming aluminum coating layer on ferrous base alloy workpiece
EP0024911A1 (en) * 1979-08-29 1981-03-11 Special Metals Corporation Method of treating nickel base alloys
EP0024912A1 (en) * 1979-08-29 1981-03-11 Special Metals Corporation Method of heat treating nickel base alloys
US6413582B1 (en) * 1999-06-30 2002-07-02 General Electric Company Method for forming metallic-based coating
US6709711B1 (en) * 1998-06-03 2004-03-23 MTU MOTOREN-UND TURBINEN-UNION MüNCHEN GMBH Method for producing an adhesive layer for a heat insulating layer
US20060134455A1 (en) * 2004-12-15 2006-06-22 Deloro Stellite Holdings Corporation Imparting high-temperature degradation resistance to components for internal combustion engine systems
US20100154938A1 (en) * 2005-08-02 2010-06-24 Honda Motor Co., Ltd Layered fe-based alloy and process for production thereof
EP2239346A1 (en) * 2009-04-09 2010-10-13 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Slurry composition for aluminising a superalloy component
US20110244138A1 (en) * 2010-03-30 2011-10-06 Schlichting Kevin W Metallic coating for non-line of sight areas
CN102936713A (zh) * 2012-11-28 2013-02-20 中国南方航空工业(集团)有限公司 一种铝硅料浆渗铝硅的方法
US8962154B2 (en) 2011-06-17 2015-02-24 Kennametal Inc. Wear resistant inner coating for pipes and pipe fittings

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4198442A (en) * 1977-10-31 1980-04-15 Howmet Turbine Components Corporation Method for producing elevated temperature corrosion resistant articles
DE19807636C1 (de) * 1998-02-23 1999-11-18 Mtu Muenchen Gmbh Verfahren zum Herstellen einer korrosions- und oxidationsbeständigen Schlickerschicht

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2621122A (en) * 1946-10-09 1952-12-09 Rolls Royce Alloy for heat and corrosion resisting coating
US2971865A (en) * 1957-03-15 1961-02-14 Arthur G Metchlfe Fusible impregnation of porous metallic bodies
US3102044A (en) * 1960-09-12 1963-08-27 United Aircraft Corp Applying protective coating from powdered material utilizing high temperature and low pressure

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2621122A (en) * 1946-10-09 1952-12-09 Rolls Royce Alloy for heat and corrosion resisting coating
US2971865A (en) * 1957-03-15 1961-02-14 Arthur G Metchlfe Fusible impregnation of porous metallic bodies
US3102044A (en) * 1960-09-12 1963-08-27 United Aircraft Corp Applying protective coating from powdered material utilizing high temperature and low pressure

Cited By (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3953193A (en) * 1973-04-23 1976-04-27 General Electric Company Coating powder mixture
US3961098A (en) * 1973-04-23 1976-06-01 General Electric Company Coated article and method and material of coating
US4045596A (en) * 1975-06-12 1977-08-30 Agence Nationale De Valorisation De La Recherche (Anvar) Superficial treatment of steel
DE2830851A1 (de) * 1977-07-14 1979-01-18 Fiat Spa Verfahren zur bildung von metalldiffusionsschutzueberzuegen
US4241113A (en) * 1977-07-14 1980-12-23 Fiat Societa Per Azioni Process for producing protective coatings on metals and metal alloys for use at high temperatures
US4228203A (en) * 1978-01-27 1980-10-14 Toyo Kogyo Co., Ltd. Method of forming aluminum coating layer on ferrous base alloy workpiece
EP0024911A1 (en) * 1979-08-29 1981-03-11 Special Metals Corporation Method of treating nickel base alloys
EP0024912A1 (en) * 1979-08-29 1981-03-11 Special Metals Corporation Method of heat treating nickel base alloys
US6709711B1 (en) * 1998-06-03 2004-03-23 MTU MOTOREN-UND TURBINEN-UNION MüNCHEN GMBH Method for producing an adhesive layer for a heat insulating layer
US6413582B1 (en) * 1999-06-30 2002-07-02 General Electric Company Method for forming metallic-based coating
US20060134455A1 (en) * 2004-12-15 2006-06-22 Deloro Stellite Holdings Corporation Imparting high-temperature degradation resistance to components for internal combustion engine systems
US8383203B2 (en) * 2004-12-15 2013-02-26 Kennametal Inc. Imparting high-temperature degradation resistance to components for internal combustion engine systems
US8668959B2 (en) 2004-12-15 2014-03-11 Kennametal Inc. Imparting high-temperature degradation resistance to metallic components
US20100154938A1 (en) * 2005-08-02 2010-06-24 Honda Motor Co., Ltd Layered fe-based alloy and process for production thereof
EP2239346A1 (en) * 2009-04-09 2010-10-13 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Slurry composition for aluminising a superalloy component
WO2010115649A2 (en) 2009-04-09 2010-10-14 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Superalloy component and slurry composition
WO2010115649A3 (en) * 2009-04-09 2012-02-23 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Slurry composition for aluminising a superalloy component
RU2553762C2 (ru) * 2009-04-09 2015-06-20 Сименс Акциенгезелльшафт Компонент из жаропрочного сплава и суспензионная композиция для компонента из жаропрочного сплава
US9873936B2 (en) 2009-04-09 2018-01-23 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Superalloy component and slurry composition
US20110244138A1 (en) * 2010-03-30 2011-10-06 Schlichting Kevin W Metallic coating for non-line of sight areas
US8962154B2 (en) 2011-06-17 2015-02-24 Kennametal Inc. Wear resistant inner coating for pipes and pipe fittings
CN102936713A (zh) * 2012-11-28 2013-02-20 中国南方航空工业(集团)有限公司 一种铝硅料浆渗铝硅的方法
CN102936713B (zh) * 2012-11-28 2015-01-14 中国南方航空工业(集团)有限公司 一种铝硅料浆渗铝硅的方法

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FR2115147A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-07-07
FR2115147B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1976-03-26
GB1362654A (en) 1974-08-07
CA951191A (en) 1974-07-16

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