US2621122A - Alloy for heat and corrosion resisting coating - Google Patents
Alloy for heat and corrosion resisting coating Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2621122A US2621122A US778466A US77846647A US2621122A US 2621122 A US2621122 A US 2621122A US 778466 A US778466 A US 778466A US 77846647 A US77846647 A US 77846647A US 2621122 A US2621122 A US 2621122A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- alloy
- heat
- corrosion resisting
- resisting coating
- per cent
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
- C22C19/05—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
- C22C19/051—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W
- C22C19/056—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W with the maximum Cr content being at least 10% but less than 20%
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
- B23K35/3033—Ni as the principal constituent
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
- Y10S428/9335—Product by special process
- Y10S428/939—Molten or fused coating
Definitions
- This invention is concerned with engineering parts which are exposed to stress and corrosion, particularly at high temperatures, e. g. 700 to 1000 C.
- Examples of such parts are the exhaust valves of internal combustion engines, blades, or other parts of internal combustion turbines and some steam stop-valves also stop valves and valves to handle sea water and for dies for casting or forging.
- This invention has for one of its objects to provide protection for metal parts exposed to stress and/or corrosion, more especially at high temperature, by covering the surface of such part with a firmly adhering metal coating of higher resistivity than the part proper so protected.
- the protective coating provided according to this invention is composed of a nickel-chromium alloy containing a comparatively high percentage of aluminum, some molybdenum, and some cobalt.
- the molybdenum may be replaced in whole or in part by tungsten.
- Carbon is present as an impurity in most commercial materials and we prefer to keep it within the stated limits.
- Silicon and manganese are added mainly as cleansing elements; also a small amount is 2 preferable for welding purposes. Excess, particularly of silicon, tends to decrease the anticorrosion properties.
- Iron occurs as an impurity in many of the commercial metals used. It is definitely detrimental to corrosion resistance and while we prefer to keep it as low as possible it is dimcult entirely to eliminate.
- One or more of the following elements may be added for cleaning or deoxidising purposes up to 0.5 per cent in total namely: calcium, magnesium, barium, boron, strontium and zinc, cerium and the other rare earth elements or misch-metal which act as grain controllers. Small residual amounts of calcium and/or cerium are particularly advantageous.
- One or more of the following elements may be included as additional hardeners up to a maximum of 1 per cent of each and 2 per cent in total: titanium, vanadium, zirconium, tantalum, beryllium, niobium, silver, antimony and tin. Nitrogen may also be included up to 0.3 per cent.
- the alloy may be heat treated to increase the hardness and strength. Suitable heat treatments are as follows: (1) ageing only at 500 to 800 C. (preferably at about 700 C.) for 8 to 16 hours, or (2) solution treatment at 1050 C. to 1250 C. for 2 to 8 hours followed by ageing as above.
- the part is cooled in air.
- the solution treatment is not recommended 'for internal combustion engine valves as little advantage is gained and considerable damage may be done to the underlying steel or alloy. It is not necessary to age coated valves for use at temperatures around 500 to 850 C. but for parts which are to operate at temperatures below 500 or for parts which are to be used at lower, normal or room temperatures it may be advisable to age as required for a given hardness.
- the coating is applied by welding or by any other known method.
- the preferred process is to cast the alloy into 3 In order to apply the alloy to the base material of the valve or other part it is found that a flux is usually necessary.
- the flux in the form of a finely divided powder is thoroughly mixed, damped with water and a thin even coat applied to the welding rods (by a rag, sponge or brush) which should then be allowed to dry thoroughly and not be used immediately.
- the resultant coat can be machined and has been found to have excellent strength and hardness at elevated temperatures as well as being heat and corrosion resistant.
- An alloy consisting by weight of approximately 9.5% to 12% aluminium, 10% to 11% chromium, 1.5% to 3.5% molybdenum, 0.1% to 0.7% cobalt, carbon not exceeding approximately 0.15%, 0.05% to 0.5% manganese, 0.1% to 0.3% silicon, iron not exceeding approximately 1.0%,
- An alloy consisting by weight of approximately 9.5% to 12% aluminium, 10% to 11% chromium, 1.5% to 3.5% molybdenum, 0.1% to 0.7% cobalt, up to 1.0% iron, and the balance essentially all nickel substantially as hereinabove described.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
Description
Patented Dec. 9, 1952 UNITED STATES PTEN'E' OFFICE ALLOY FOR HEAT AND CORROSION RESISTING COATING No Drawing. Application October 7, 1947, Serial No. 778,466. In Great Britain October 9, 1946 2 Claims.
This invention is concerned with engineering parts which are exposed to stress and corrosion, particularly at high temperatures, e. g. 700 to 1000 C. Examples of such parts are the exhaust valves of internal combustion engines, blades, or other parts of internal combustion turbines and some steam stop-valves also stop valves and valves to handle sea water and for dies for casting or forging.
This invention has for one of its objects to provide protection for metal parts exposed to stress and/or corrosion, more especially at high temperature, by covering the surface of such part with a firmly adhering metal coating of higher resistivity than the part proper so protected.
The protective coating provided according to this invention is composed of a nickel-chromium alloy containing a comparatively high percentage of aluminum, some molybdenum, and some cobalt.
According to this invention we form an alloy of the following elements in the following amounts all being percentages by weight of the whole alloy:
Per cent Aluminium 7.5 to 13.5 Chromium 9.0 to 25.0 Molybdenum 0.1 to 5.0 Cobalt 0.1 to 1.0
Remainder nickel.
The molybdenum may be replaced in whole or in part by tungsten.
The following elements may be present:
Per cent Carbon Up to 0.35 Manganese Up to 2.0 silicon Up to 1.0 Iron Up to 1.0
The preferred range is as follows:
Per cent Aluminium 9.5 to 12.0 Chromium 10 to 11 Molybdenum 1.5 to 3.5 Cobalt 0.1 to 0.7 Carbon 0.05 to 0.15 Manganese 0.05 to 0.5 Silicon 0.1 to 0.3 Iron 0.0 to 1.0
Nickel the remainder.
Carbon is present as an impurity in most commercial materials and we prefer to keep it within the stated limits.
Silicon and manganese are added mainly as cleansing elements; also a small amount is 2 preferable for welding purposes. Excess, particularly of silicon, tends to decrease the anticorrosion properties.
Iron occurs as an impurity in many of the commercial metals used. It is definitely detrimental to corrosion resistance and while we prefer to keep it as low as possible it is dimcult entirely to eliminate.
One or more of the following elements may be added for cleaning or deoxidising purposes up to 0.5 per cent in total namely: calcium, magnesium, barium, boron, strontium and zinc, cerium and the other rare earth elements or misch-metal which act as grain controllers. Small residual amounts of calcium and/or cerium are particularly advantageous.
One or more of the following elements may be included as additional hardeners up to a maximum of 1 per cent of each and 2 per cent in total: titanium, vanadium, zirconium, tantalum, beryllium, niobium, silver, antimony and tin. Nitrogen may also be included up to 0.3 per cent.
The alloy may be heat treated to increase the hardness and strength. Suitable heat treatments are as follows: (1) ageing only at 500 to 800 C. (preferably at about 700 C.) for 8 to 16 hours, or (2) solution treatment at 1050 C. to 1250 C. for 2 to 8 hours followed by ageing as above.
Afterwards the part is cooled in air.
The solution treatment is not recommended 'for internal combustion engine valves as little advantage is gained and considerable damage may be done to the underlying steel or alloy. It is not necessary to age coated valves for use at temperatures around 500 to 850 C. but for parts which are to operate at temperatures below 500 or for parts which are to be used at lower, normal or room temperatures it may be advisable to age as required for a given hardness.
The coating is applied by welding or by any other known method.
The preferred process is to cast the alloy into 3 In order to apply the alloy to the base material of the valve or other part it is found that a flux is usually necessary.
One flux which is suitable is as follows:
Per cent Boric anhydride 40 to 45 Silica 12 to 15 Fluorite 17 to 20 Lime 24 to 28 Iron oxide and other impurities up to about 0.5 per cent are also usually present in the flux.
The flux, in the form of a finely divided powder is thoroughly mixed, damped with water and a thin even coat applied to the welding rods (by a rag, sponge or brush) which should then be allowed to dry thoroughly and not be used immediately.
Slightly oxidising conditions are preferred during the welding operation, and a little additional dry flux should be available to the operator should it be desired.
During application great care should be taken to avoid excessive dilution and contamination of the alloy by the base material on which it is being welded and also to avoid entrapment of small particles of the slag which is formed.
The resultant coat can be machined and has been found to have excellent strength and hardness at elevated temperatures as well as being heat and corrosion resistant.
What we claim is:
1. An alloy consisting by weight of approximately 9.5% to 12% aluminium, 10% to 11% chromium, 1.5% to 3.5% molybdenum, 0.1% to 0.7% cobalt, carbon not exceeding approximately 0.15%, 0.05% to 0.5% manganese, 0.1% to 0.3% silicon, iron not exceeding approximately 1.0%,
4 and the balance essentially all nickel substan tially as hereinabove described.
2. An alloy consisting by weight of approximately 9.5% to 12% aluminium, 10% to 11% chromium, 1.5% to 3.5% molybdenum, 0.1% to 0.7% cobalt, up to 1.0% iron, and the balance essentially all nickel substantially as hereinabove described.
HAROLD ERNEST GRESHAM. MARCUS ALAN WHEELER. DOUGLAS WILSON HALL.
REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:
UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,273,877 Kuehrich July 30, 1918 2,071,645 McNeil Feb. 23, 1937 2,113,667 Swift Apr. 12, 1938 2,159,048 Pfeil May 23, 1939 2,246,078 Rohn et al June 17, 1941 2,403,128 Scott et al 1 July 21, 1946 2,432,149 Grifliths Dec. 9, 1947 2,450,803 Johnson Oct. 5, 1948 2,570,193 Bieber et al Oct. 9, 1951 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 342,868 Great Britain Feb. 12, 1931 371,334 Great Britain Apr. 13, 1932 591,641 Germany Jan. 24, 1934 425,614 Great Britain Mar. 15, 1935 OTHER REFERENCES Bureau of Standards Circular No. 100, Nickel and Its Alloys, 2nd ed., revised May 9, 1924, pp. 9-13. Published by G. P. 0., Wash., D. C.
Claims (1)
1. AN ALLOY CONSISTING BY WEIGHT OF APPROXIMATELY 9.5% TO 12% ALUMINUM, 10% TO 11% CHROMIUM, 1.5% T 3.5% MOLYBDENUM, 0.1% TO 0.7% COBALT, CARBON NOT EXCEEDING APPROXIMATELY 0.15%, 0.05% TO 0.5% MANGANESE, 0.1% TO 0.3% SILICON, IRON NOT EXCEEDING APPROXIMATELY 1.0%, AND THE BALANCE ESSENTIALLY ALL NICKEL SUBSTANTIALLY AS HEREINABOVE DESCRIBED.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB2621122X | 1946-10-09 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US2621122A true US2621122A (en) | 1952-12-09 |
Family
ID=10911925
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US778466A Expired - Lifetime US2621122A (en) | 1946-10-09 | 1947-10-07 | Alloy for heat and corrosion resisting coating |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US2621122A (en) |
Cited By (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3005704A (en) * | 1958-07-23 | 1961-10-24 | Union Carbide Corp | Nickel base alloy for service at high temperatures |
US3720537A (en) * | 1970-11-25 | 1973-03-13 | United Aircraft Corp | Process of coating an alloy substrate with an alloy |
DE3234090A1 (en) * | 1981-09-14 | 1983-04-28 | United Technologies Corp., 06101 Hartford, Conn. | SINGLE CRYSTAL ITEM FROM A NICKEL-BASED SUPER ALLOY |
US4556534A (en) * | 1983-12-20 | 1985-12-03 | Dentsply Research & Development Corp. | Nickel based casting alloy |
US4592890A (en) * | 1983-08-08 | 1986-06-03 | Dentsply Research & Development Corp. | Dental prostheses alloy |
US4685977A (en) * | 1984-12-03 | 1987-08-11 | General Electric Company | Fatigue-resistant nickel-base superalloys and method |
US5360496A (en) * | 1991-08-26 | 1994-11-01 | Aluminum Company Of America | Nickel base alloy forged parts |
US5374323A (en) * | 1991-08-26 | 1994-12-20 | Aluminum Company Of America | Nickel base alloy forged parts |
WO2001015837A1 (en) * | 1999-09-01 | 2001-03-08 | Brush Wellman, Inc. | Improved dies for die casting aluminum and other metals |
US6974508B1 (en) | 2002-10-29 | 2005-12-13 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Nickel base superalloy turbine disk |
US20100243192A1 (en) * | 2009-03-24 | 2010-09-30 | Nonferrous Materials Technology Development Centre | Molten metal casting die |
US20120111525A1 (en) * | 2010-11-05 | 2012-05-10 | Bochiechio Mario P | High temperature die casting apparatus and method therefor |
Citations (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1273877A (en) * | 1916-06-17 | 1918-07-30 | Paul Richard Kuehnrich | Alloy. |
GB342868A (en) * | 1930-01-13 | 1931-02-12 | Heraeus Vacuumschmelze Ag | Improvements relating to sulphur resisting alloys |
GB371334A (en) * | 1929-10-11 | 1932-04-13 | Commentry Fourchambault Et Dec | Process for improving the mechanical properties of ferro-nickelchromium alloys |
DE591641C (en) * | 1931-07-11 | 1934-01-25 | Heraeus Vacuumschmelze Akt Ges | Objects that require high resistance to sulfur and sulfur compounds |
GB425614A (en) * | 1933-09-15 | 1935-03-15 | Henry Winder Brownsdon | Improvements in or relating to heat resisting alloys |
US2071645A (en) * | 1933-12-29 | 1937-02-23 | Int Nickel Co | Electrode and electrical contact |
US2113667A (en) * | 1934-10-18 | 1938-04-12 | American Brass Co | Method of coating ferrous materials with a copper-rich alloy |
US2159048A (en) * | 1935-10-15 | 1939-05-23 | Int Nickel Co | Method of improving the workability of nickel and nickel alloys |
US2246078A (en) * | 1937-07-31 | 1941-06-17 | Rohn Wilhelm | Valve made of cobalt-nickel-chromium-iron alloy |
US2403128A (en) * | 1942-06-24 | 1946-07-02 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Heat resistant alloys |
US2432149A (en) * | 1935-05-09 | 1947-12-09 | Int Nickel Co | Heat resistant nickel alloys |
US2450803A (en) * | 1942-01-24 | 1948-10-05 | Thompson Prod Inc | Method of making sheathed valves |
US2570193A (en) * | 1946-04-09 | 1951-10-09 | Int Nickel Co | High-temperature alloys and articles |
-
1947
- 1947-10-07 US US778466A patent/US2621122A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1273877A (en) * | 1916-06-17 | 1918-07-30 | Paul Richard Kuehnrich | Alloy. |
GB371334A (en) * | 1929-10-11 | 1932-04-13 | Commentry Fourchambault Et Dec | Process for improving the mechanical properties of ferro-nickelchromium alloys |
GB342868A (en) * | 1930-01-13 | 1931-02-12 | Heraeus Vacuumschmelze Ag | Improvements relating to sulphur resisting alloys |
DE591641C (en) * | 1931-07-11 | 1934-01-25 | Heraeus Vacuumschmelze Akt Ges | Objects that require high resistance to sulfur and sulfur compounds |
GB425614A (en) * | 1933-09-15 | 1935-03-15 | Henry Winder Brownsdon | Improvements in or relating to heat resisting alloys |
US2071645A (en) * | 1933-12-29 | 1937-02-23 | Int Nickel Co | Electrode and electrical contact |
US2113667A (en) * | 1934-10-18 | 1938-04-12 | American Brass Co | Method of coating ferrous materials with a copper-rich alloy |
US2432149A (en) * | 1935-05-09 | 1947-12-09 | Int Nickel Co | Heat resistant nickel alloys |
US2159048A (en) * | 1935-10-15 | 1939-05-23 | Int Nickel Co | Method of improving the workability of nickel and nickel alloys |
US2246078A (en) * | 1937-07-31 | 1941-06-17 | Rohn Wilhelm | Valve made of cobalt-nickel-chromium-iron alloy |
US2450803A (en) * | 1942-01-24 | 1948-10-05 | Thompson Prod Inc | Method of making sheathed valves |
US2403128A (en) * | 1942-06-24 | 1946-07-02 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Heat resistant alloys |
US2570193A (en) * | 1946-04-09 | 1951-10-09 | Int Nickel Co | High-temperature alloys and articles |
Cited By (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3005704A (en) * | 1958-07-23 | 1961-10-24 | Union Carbide Corp | Nickel base alloy for service at high temperatures |
US3720537A (en) * | 1970-11-25 | 1973-03-13 | United Aircraft Corp | Process of coating an alloy substrate with an alloy |
DE3234090A1 (en) * | 1981-09-14 | 1983-04-28 | United Technologies Corp., 06101 Hartford, Conn. | SINGLE CRYSTAL ITEM FROM A NICKEL-BASED SUPER ALLOY |
US4592890A (en) * | 1983-08-08 | 1986-06-03 | Dentsply Research & Development Corp. | Dental prostheses alloy |
US4556534A (en) * | 1983-12-20 | 1985-12-03 | Dentsply Research & Development Corp. | Nickel based casting alloy |
US4685977A (en) * | 1984-12-03 | 1987-08-11 | General Electric Company | Fatigue-resistant nickel-base superalloys and method |
US5360496A (en) * | 1991-08-26 | 1994-11-01 | Aluminum Company Of America | Nickel base alloy forged parts |
US5374323A (en) * | 1991-08-26 | 1994-12-20 | Aluminum Company Of America | Nickel base alloy forged parts |
WO2001015837A1 (en) * | 1999-09-01 | 2001-03-08 | Brush Wellman, Inc. | Improved dies for die casting aluminum and other metals |
US20030098100A1 (en) * | 1999-09-01 | 2003-05-29 | Amitava Guha | Dies for die casting aluminum and other metals |
US6974508B1 (en) | 2002-10-29 | 2005-12-13 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Nickel base superalloy turbine disk |
US20100243192A1 (en) * | 2009-03-24 | 2010-09-30 | Nonferrous Materials Technology Development Centre | Molten metal casting die |
US8418744B2 (en) * | 2009-03-24 | 2013-04-16 | Nonferrous Materials Technology Development Centre | Molten metal casting die |
US20120111525A1 (en) * | 2010-11-05 | 2012-05-10 | Bochiechio Mario P | High temperature die casting apparatus and method therefor |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US2621122A (en) | Alloy for heat and corrosion resisting coating | |
US3573901A (en) | Alloys resistant to stress-corrosion cracking in leaded high purity water | |
US3589893A (en) | Sulfidation resistant alloys and structures | |
US4063936A (en) | Aluminum alloy having high mechanical strength and elongation and resistant to stress corrosion crack | |
US2756489A (en) | Metal alloy | |
US2430306A (en) | Precipitation hardenable copper, nickel, tantalum (or columbium) alloys | |
GB583807A (en) | Nickel base alloy | |
JPS61288041A (en) | Ni-base alloy excellent in intergranular stress corrosion cracking resistance and pitting resistance | |
US2798806A (en) | Titanium alloy | |
EP0011649A1 (en) | Padding alloys based on nickel | |
US1941648A (en) | Ferrous alloy | |
US3837847A (en) | Corrosion resistant ferritic stainless steel | |
US2622023A (en) | Titanium-base alloys | |
US2370395A (en) | Alloys for high temperature service use | |
US2398678A (en) | High strength alloy for use at elevated temperatures | |
US3861907A (en) | Wear resistant low-alloy valve steel | |
US2586647A (en) | Aluminum alloy | |
US2108051A (en) | Nontarnish alloy | |
US3125446A (en) | Zirconium base alloy | |
US2968550A (en) | Gall resistant nickel-copper alloy | |
JPH0243813B2 (en) | GASUTAABINYOKOKYODOCOKITAINETSUGOKIN | |
US2097176A (en) | Alloy | |
US4406858A (en) | Copper-base alloys containing strengthening and ductilizing amounts of hafnium and zirconium and method | |
JPH0243816B2 (en) | GASUTAABINYOKOKYODOCOKITAINETSUGOKIN | |
US2087988A (en) | Aluminum-base alloys |