US3718112A - Measuring machine - Google Patents

Measuring machine Download PDF

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Publication number
US3718112A
US3718112A US00085974A US3718112DA US3718112A US 3718112 A US3718112 A US 3718112A US 00085974 A US00085974 A US 00085974A US 3718112D A US3718112D A US 3718112DA US 3718112 A US3718112 A US 3718112A
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Prior art keywords
band
pulley
pulley wheel
pulley wheels
wheels
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00085974A
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English (en)
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D Perry
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Individual
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Individual
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01G—WEIGHING
    • G01G3/00—Weighing apparatus characterised by the use of elastically-deformable members, e.g. spring balances
    • G01G3/02—Weighing apparatus characterised by the use of elastically-deformable members, e.g. spring balances wherein the weighing element is in the form of a helical spring
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01G—WEIGHING
    • G01G23/00—Auxiliary devices for weighing apparatus
    • G01G23/18—Indicating devices, e.g. for remote indication; Recording devices; Scales, e.g. graduated
    • G01G23/20—Indicating weight by mechanical means
    • G01G23/26—Drive for the indicating member, e.g. mechanical amplifiers

Definitions

  • An analogue measuring machine has a sensing mechanism which reacts against a resistance mechanism, measurement being indicated by an indication mechanism driven by the sensing means.
  • the indication mechanism comprises a thin flexible band which extends between first and second pulley wheels and has its ends secured to the pulley wheels.
  • the first pulley wheel is driven by the sensing means to move an index carried by the band relatively to a scale.
  • a driving means is arranged so that the second pulley wheel is driven in unison with the first pulley wheel to maintain the length of the band between the first and second pulley wheels constant.
  • a sensing means which will react dependent on the property to be measured, and an indication mechanism which will interpret the reaction of the sensing means into an intelligible indication of the value of the property.
  • the weight of an article may be applied through'a sensing means in the form of a resistance mechanism incorporating a metering spring, and the movement of the resistance mechanism may be used to drive an indication mechanism such as a pointer moving over a scale.
  • an indication mechanism such as a pointer moving over a scale.
  • An index can be supported by an endless filament passing over a first pulley wheel driven by the sensing mechanism and over an idler pulley wheel, but this arrangement is unsatisfactory in that the filament is liable to slip if the driven pulley wheel is suddenly moved thereby causing loss of calibration, and it is very difficult to support an index from the filament due to the tendency for the filament to twist under the weight of the index.
  • the filament can be secured at one point to the driven pulley wheel however this solution creates an additional problem as the useful travel of the filament is then a fixed function of the circumference of the driving pulley wheel and it becomes necessary to make at least the driving pulley wheel of an inordinately large diameter.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide an improved indication mechanism for moving an index over a scale with parallel calibrations.
  • an indication mechanism for moving an index relatively to a scale with parallel calibrations, includes first and second pulley wheels supported for rotation by substantially frictionless bearings about parallely spaced axes of rotation, a thin flexible band having its ends respectively secured to the pulley wheels, a portion of the band extending between the two pulley wheels being arranged to move the index relatively to the scale, the first pulley wheel being arranged to be driven by the sensing means of an analogue measuring machine to move the band and thus to move the index relatively to the scale, the second pulley wheel being driven to maintain the length of said portion of the band constant, and the band in one position being wound at least one full turn on one of the two pulley wheels.
  • the band bears the index for movement along the scale which is arranged parallely adjacent said portion of the band.
  • the scale may be carried by the band, the index being arranged adjacent the scale.
  • the scale can occupy up to 76 percent of the easing length.
  • the band in one position is wound a plurality of turns on said one pulley wheel.
  • the scale could occupy up to 86 percent of the casing length, and if three full turns are possible the percentage increases to 90 percent.
  • the band may be in the form of a constant force spring tape preset throughout its operative length to the same curvature whereby the unwinding of the band from either of the pulley wheels will cause a corresponding rotation of the other pulley wheel to maintain the length of said portion of the band constant.
  • the invention to this point enables an index to be moved relatively to a parallely calibrated scale whilst enabling the size of the pulley wheels to be kept to a reasonable diameter and the scale to be of a sensible length.
  • the band is in the form of a constant force spring tape
  • the second pulley wheel is driven to maintain the tension in the band whilst it is unwinding from the first pulley wheel by a mechanism including third and fourth pulley wheels supported for substantially frictionless rotation respectively about the axes of rotation of the said first and second pulley wheels, a second thin flexible band having its ends respectively secured to the third and fourth pulley wheels, the third and fourth pulley wheels being drivingly connected respectively to the first and second pulley wheels for joint rotation, said second band being arranged so that rotation of the first pulley wheel in a sense to unwind the first band will result in an equivalent length of the second band being wound onto the third pulley wheel thereby causing the fourth pulley wheel to drive the second pulley wheel in a sense to wind up a length of the first band equal to the length unwound from the first pulley wheel, the length of the second band and the number of windings about the third and fourth pulley wheels being adequate to permit full movement .of the index over the scale.
  • the first band may be wound around the first and second pulley wheels in opposite senses taken from its ends.
  • the first band is wound clockwise from one end about the first pulley wheel and counterclockwise from the other end about the second pulley wheel
  • the second band will be wound counterclockwise from one end about the third pulley wheel and clockwise from the other end about the fourth pulley wheel.
  • the first and second bands may be made of a material and of such a thickness that the strain energy in the wound portions of the tapes is negligible when compared with the operating forces generated by the sensing means of the measuring machine.
  • the first and second bands may be made of a material and of such a thickness that the strain energy in the wound portions of the tapes is sufficient to constitute a resistance mechanism for the sensing means of the measuring machine.
  • the first band is wound around the first and second pulley wheels in the same sense taken from its ends, and the first and second bands are arranged so that the strain energy applied at any position to the first pulley wheel is substantially equal to the strain energy applied at the same position to the fourth pulley wheel, and the strain energy applied at any position to the second pulley wheel is substantially equal to the strain energy applied at the same position to the third pulley wheel.
  • the first and second bands may be tensioned by means of a torsional tensioning device reacting between either the first and third or the second and fourth pulley wheels.
  • the second band also bears an index or scale for movement along a scale or index arranged parallely adjacent the portion of the band extending between the third and fourth pulley wheels.
  • the first band together with its associated index and scale may be arranged to be viewable from one position, and the second band together with its associated index and scale lies in a plane spaced parallely away from the first band to be viewable from another position.
  • an analogue measuring machine for instance a weighing machine used in a shop, to provide separate displays of weight and price to both the customer and the shop assistant.
  • one or more additional pulley wheels may be employed to engage one or both of the bands to maintain the bands substantially parallel to each other.
  • the second pulley wheel is driven to maintain the tension in the band whilst it is unwinding from the first pulley-wheel by a mechanism which is driven by the sensing means of the analogue measuring machine in unison with the first pulley wheel.
  • At least one end of the band (or one of the bands as the case may be) is preferably secured to its corresponding pulley wheel by means of a fixing device lying within the periphery of the pulley wheel, the band being led to the fixing device through a curved slot or passage formed in the pulley wheel and having a smoothly curved juncture with the cylindrical operative surface of the pulley.
  • the curved slot or passage is a transition curve from the cylindrical operative surface of the pulley.
  • a member having a cylindrical outer surface may be mounted for rotation about its axis which is parallely spaced from the portion of the band extending between its two pulley wheels, and the cylindrical member defines the scale and a number of other scales which can be moved into position by rotating the cylindrical drum.
  • the band is preferably formed at least partly of translucent material and the index is an opaque mark on the band.
  • the band may be formed from a translucent portion and an opaque portion, the juncture serving as the index.
  • an analogue measuring machine has its sensing means arranged to drive an indication mechanism of the kind disclosed.
  • the sensing means may include a lever pivotally mounted at one end for swinging movement against a resistance mechanism, the lever remote from its pivotal axis being provided with a segmental rack which drives a gear fast with the first pulley wheel, and the center of curvature of the segmental rack being coincident with the pivotal axis of the lever.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic side elevation of one embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a plan view of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective diagram illustrating the operation of the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a diagrammatic side elevation of a preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a plan view of FIG. 4;
  • FIG. 6 is a perspective diagram illustrating the operation of the embodiment shown in FIGS. 4 and 5;
  • FIG. 7 is a side elevation of an analogue weighing machine incorporating the indication mechanism illustrated in FIGS. 4 to 6;
  • FIG. 8 is a plan view of FIG. 7;
  • FIG. 9 is an end view of FIG. 7 taken in the direction of arrow 9;
  • FIG. 10 is a perspective diagram illustrating the interrelation of the operating parts of the weighing machine illustrated in FIGS. 7 to 9;
  • FIG. 11 is a detail of one of the rollers, shown partly in section, and illustrating the preferred manner of securing the ends of the bands to the rollers;
  • FIG. 12 is an end elevation of FIG. 11 taken in a direction of arrow 12;
  • FIGS. 13, 14 and 15 illustrate minor modifications of the embodiment disclosed in FIGS. 4 to 10 to enable a dual reading to be obtained conveniently;
  • FIGS. 16 and 17 are diagrammatic side elevations of alternative embodiments of the invention.
  • FIG. 18 illustrates an application of the embodiment shown in FIG. 17, and
  • FIG. 19 is a diagrammatic side elevation of another alternative embodiment of the invention.
  • an indication mechanism for moving an index 20 along a scale 21 provided with parallel calibrations, includes first and second pulley wheels 22 and 23 sup ported by respective shafts 24 and 25 which are arranged parallel to each other and are supported for rotation by unshown substantially frictionless bearings from an unshown rigid casing.
  • the first and second pulley wheels 22 and 23 are interconnected by means of a thin flexible band 26 having its ends secured to the pulley wheels 22 and 23 by respective fixings 27 and 28 which will later be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 11 and 12. From the fixing 27, the band 26 is wrapped in a clockwise sense three times around the pulley wheel 22 and extends parallely adjacent the scale 21 to the second pulley wheel 23 around which it is wrapped one and one-half revolutions in the counter-clockwise sense from the fixing 28. As will later be described by way of example with reference to FIGS.
  • the first pulley wheel 22 is conveniently driven by the sensing means of an analogue weighing machine through a gear wheel secured to the shaft 24, and it will be appreciated that rotation of the first gear wheel 22 in a counterclockwise sense will move the index to the left along the scale 21.
  • movement of the first pulley wheel 22 in the clockwise sense would tend to allow the band 26 to go slack and it is accordingly necessary to provide some form of drive to the second pulley wheel 23 to enable the tension in the band 26 to be maintained.
  • This is conveniently achieved by means of third and fourth pulley wheels 29 and 30 made drivingly fast respectively with the first and second pulley wheels 22 and 23 through the respective shafts 24 and 25.
  • a second band 31 has its ends secured to the third and fourth pulley wheels 29 and 30 by means of respective fixings 32 and 33. From the fixing 32, the band 31 is wrapped one and one-half times around the third pulley wheel 29 in a counterclockwise sense and then extends in a taut condition to the fourth pulley wheel 30 around which it is wrapped three complete revolutions in the clockwise sense from the fixing 33. In this manner, clockwise rotation of the first pulley wheel 22 will cause the third pulley wheel 29 to wind in the band 31 thereby causing a corresponding clockwise movement of the fourth pulley wheel 30 and the second pulley wheel 23. The latter is able to wind in the band 26 at the same rate that it is wound 011 the first pulley wheel 22, thereby preventing it from going slack.
  • the mechanism showing FIGS. 1 to 3 will operate satisfactorily as an indication mechanism.
  • strain energy will exist in the portions of the bands wound onto the four pulley wheels 22, 23, 29 and 30, and that the strain energy will vary according to the number of turns of the bands 26 and 31.
  • the magnitude of the strain energy will be expressed as symbol T.”
  • both of the shafts 24 and have a torsional resultant of (T T applied in the clockwise sense which would tend torestore the index 20 to the center of the scale 21.
  • T the displacement of the index 20 in either direction from the null position (in which an equal amount of band is wound on each pulley and T, T will result in a progressively increasing restoring force of 2(T T depending on the number of turns of the bands 26 and 31 on the pulleys 22, 23, 29 and 30.
  • movement of the index 20 from the center of the scale 21 will meet an increasing resistance force, and the mechanism can accordingly also be used as a resistance mechanism for the measuring machine.
  • this mechanism conveniently provides a bidirectional efiect by arranging the index 20 to move in either direction from a null or zero point at the center of the scale 21, the index 20 could be moved to a different position on the band 26 so that all measuring movement occurs in the same direction thereby resulting in a uni-directional mechanism.
  • the restoring force of 2(T, T increases progressively so that displacement of the index 20 will not be linear.
  • this mechanism would nppear to be most acceptable in its bi-directional form as a light-or-heavy" indicator for checkweighing of produce to be packaged in predetermined weights.
  • the bands 26 and 31 could be made as thin strips of spring steel, but on the other hand, if the strain energy effect is to be'reduced to a minimum to enable the mechanism to be used purely as an indication mechanism, the bands 26 and 31 could be made out of very thin section plastic tape.
  • the cylinder 45 is able to rotate about an axis parallely spaced from the band 31, and an operating knob 47 is provided, as shown in FIG. 10, for indexing the cylinder 45 to different positions.
  • the cylinder 45 can be calibrated with a number of price scales and the index 20 can be used to compute the cost of the goods weighed, the operating knob 47 being utilized to index the cylinder 45 to present the appropriate scale.
  • the pulley wheels 22 and 29 are driven by a common spur gear 48 which is operated by a segmental rack 49 connected by a compensating pivot 50 to the end of the balance lever 51.
  • a resistance mechanism, in the form of a tension coil spring 52 is suspended from a bridge 53 connected across the top of the pillars 41 and carries a stirrup 54 at its bottom end.
  • the lever 51 is provided with a cross member 55 supporting a knife-edge 56 which reacts in the stirrup 54, the opposite end of the balance lever 51 being supported from the pillars 42 by a transverse pivot 57.
  • the center of the segmental rack 49 should be coincident with the axis of the pivot 57.
  • the weighing pan would be secured to the top of a pedestal 58 which is connected to a saddle 59 pivoted about an axis 60 to the balance lever 51.
  • a link comprising a spring steel leaf 61 which is secured at one end to the pedestal 58, and at the other end to a bridge 62 across the top of the pedestals 42.
  • a pair of rigid plates 63 are secured to its upper and lower faces for the majority of its length as shown in FIG. 7.
  • both of the bands 26 and 31 may be utilized to move respective indexes over separate scales thereby providing a dual read-out capability.
  • the mechanism shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 could conveniently be used as the bands 26 and 31 are parallel to each other.
  • the difficulty does occur with the arrangement shown in FIGS. 4 to 6 in that the bands 26 and 31 are no longer parallel to each other and it may be undesirable for one of thescales to be other than horizontal or perhaps vertical as the case may be.
  • the mechanism shown inFIGS. 4 to 6 canbe modified as shown in FIGS. 13, 14 or whereby rollers 70 are used to control either one or both of the bands to achieve a condition in which the reading portions of both bands are parallel.
  • the index could be a separate pointer carried by one or both of the bands 26 and 31 as indicated in FIGS. 1 to 6, it could merely be a mark on a translucent band as indicated in FIGS. 8 and 10. Furthermore, the index could be provided as the juncture between an opaque ribbon and a transparent ribbon joined together to form one of the bands 26 or 31. If desired, the spur gear 48 and segmental rack 49 can be replaced by any convenient mechanism for transmitting movement of the balance lever 51 into corresponding rotational movement of the pulley wheels 22 and 29. I
  • a pulley wheel 22 is provided with a peripheral track 71 for accommodating the turns of the band. From the peripheral tracks 71 a slot 73 is cut as a transition curve, and terminates in a cylindrical pocket 74 parallely spaced from the axis of the shaft 24. A spool 75 is arranged for rotation in the cylindrical pocket 74 and has ahead 76 provided with a dia'metral cut 77 for engagement by a screwdriver for adjustment purposes.
  • the spool has a bifurcated body 78 through which the band is threaded and the length of the band is adjusted simply by rotating the spool 75 until the desired length is obtained.
  • a locking screw 79 is provided to clamp the periphery of the head 76 after the band has been adjusted to the desired condition.
  • a tensioning device to be arranged either between the pulley wheels 22 and 29, or the pulley wheels 23 and 30 to cause a slight relative rotation thereby tensioning the whole system.
  • one of the shafts 24 or 25 could be mounted from a carriage in a slide lying in the general direction of the bands 26 and 31, the carriage being tensioned by a spring in the desired direction.
  • the tension in the band 26 can be maintained by passing the band 26 over a tensioning pulley 80 supported by an axle 81 from unshown substantially frictionless bearings carried in a tensioning slide operated by a spring with a force of (T, T).
  • the band 26 is operable in both directions by gearing the pulleys 22 and 23 together by means of respective coaxial gears 82 and 83.
  • This arrangement is operationally similar to that shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 as there is an inherent restoring force of (T T towards the zero or null position.
  • FIG. 17 illustrates an alternative arrangement to FIG. 16 in which the tensioning pulley 81 is omitted and the gears 82 and 83 are interconnected by a rack 84. If desired the rack 84 could be replaced by any suitable mechanical equivalent.
  • FIG. 18 illustrates an application of the arrangement shown in FIG. 17 to a weighing machine, in which the weighing pan 85 drives the rack 84 against a metering spring 86, the band 26 having indices 20 moving over scales 87 and 88.
  • FIG. 19 illustrates an alternative arrangement .to FIGS. 16 and 17 in which the tension in the band 26 is maintained by forming the band 26 from a length of constant force spring tape.
  • This material is already known per se from its application in constant force spring motors.
  • the spring tape is preset throughout its length to the same curvature. With this characteristic the spring tape has the property that the application of thetwo opposite and equal forces T in FIG. -19 will maintain the portion of the spring tape 26 extending between the pulleys 22 and 23 straight at all times without the application of any additional external forces. Because the forces T act radially with respect to the shafts 24 and 25 no restoring force is applied to bias the spring tape 26 into any specific position between the pulleys 22 and 23.
  • An indication mechanism for moving an index relatively to a scale with parallel calibrations responsive to the sensing means of an analogue measuring machine, comprising first and second pulley wheels substantially frictionless bearings supporting said first and second pulley wheels for rotation about parallely spaced axes of rotation, a thin flexible band has its ends respectively secured to said first and second pulley wheels, a portion of said band positioned between said first and second pulley wheels and connected to the index to move said index relatively to said scale, said first pulley wheel being driven by said sensing means of the analogue measuring machine to move said band and thereby to move said index relatively to said scale, driving means for driving said second pulley wheel to maintain the length of said portion of the band con stant, and said band in one position being wound at least one full turn on one of said pulley wheels.
  • said thin flexible band is in the form of a constant force spring tape preset throughout its operative length to the same curvature, said band thereby constituting said driving means whereby the unwinding of said band from either of said pulley wheels will cause a corresponding rotation of the other of said pulley wheels to maintain the length of said portion of the band constant.
  • said driving means is a mechanism including third and fourth pulley wheels and substantially frictionless bearings supporting said third and fourth pulley wheels for rotation respectively about the said axes of rotation of the said first and second pulley wheels
  • a second thin flexible band has its ends respectively secured to said third and fourth pulley wheels
  • said third and fourth pulley wheels are connected respectively to said first and second pulley wheels for joint rotation
  • said second band being arranged whereby rotation of said first pulwound onto said third pulley wheel thereby to cause said fourth pulley wheel to drive said second pulley wheel in the sense to wind up a length of said first band equal to the length unwound from said first pulley wheel, the length of said second band and the number of windings of said'second band about said third and fourth pulley wheels being adequate to permit full movement of the index over the scale.
  • An indication mechanism as in claim 3 in which a second index is connected to said second band for movement along a second scale arranged parallely adjacent the portion of said second band extending between said third and fourth pulley wheels.
  • said driving means is a mechanism driven by said sensing means of the analogue measuring machine and said mechanism is connected to drive said second pulley wheel in unison with the first pulley wheel to maintain the tension in said band whilst it is being unwound from said first pulley wheel.
  • An indication mechanism as in claim 1, in which at least one end of said band is secured to its aforesaid corresponding pulley wheel by means of a fixing device positioned within the periphery of said corresponding pulley wheel, said corresponding pulley wheel defining a curved passage having a smoothly curved juncture with the cylindrical operative surface of the pulley wheel, and said band being led to said fixing device through said curved passage.
  • An indication mechanism as in claim 1, in which a member having a cylindrical outer surface is mounted for rotation about its axis which is parallely spaced from said portion of said band extending between said first and second pulley wheels, and said cylindrical member defines said scale and a number of other scales which can be moved optionally into operative position adjacent said index by rotating said cylindrical drum.
  • said sensing means includes a lever, a resistance mechanism, a pivot supporting said lever at one end for swinging movement against said resistance mechanism, a segmental rack'having its center of curvature coincident with the pivotal axis of said lever, said lever remote from said pivot being connected to drive said segmental rack, and a gear fast with the first pulley wheel and meshing with the said rack.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Force Measurement Appropriate To Specific Purposes (AREA)
  • Tape Measures (AREA)
US00085974A 1969-11-06 1970-11-02 Measuring machine Expired - Lifetime US3718112A (en)

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GB5437469 1969-11-06

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US3718112A true US3718112A (en) 1973-02-27

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US00085974A Expired - Lifetime US3718112A (en) 1969-11-06 1970-11-02 Measuring machine

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DE (1) DE2054200A1 (de)
GB (1) GB1333709A (de)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20110220009A1 (en) * 2010-03-12 2011-09-15 Visteon Global Technologies, Inc. Indicator motion architecture for vehicle system status indication

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US712006A (en) * 1901-05-27 1902-10-28 Walter E Rice Weighing-machine.
US1787298A (en) * 1928-04-05 1930-12-30 Rca Corp Radio dial control
GB437237A (en) * 1935-03-13 1935-10-25 Charles Watts Improvements in and relating to indicating devices for indicating settings of rotary spindles principally intended for use with tuning devices of wireless apparatus
FR893500A (de) * 1944-08-01
US2430413A (en) * 1945-04-04 1947-11-04 Otto F Schulz Automotive efficiency indicating instrument
US2844039A (en) * 1954-11-20 1958-07-22 Philips Corp Dial indicator driving arrangement

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR893500A (de) * 1944-08-01
US712006A (en) * 1901-05-27 1902-10-28 Walter E Rice Weighing-machine.
US1787298A (en) * 1928-04-05 1930-12-30 Rca Corp Radio dial control
GB437237A (en) * 1935-03-13 1935-10-25 Charles Watts Improvements in and relating to indicating devices for indicating settings of rotary spindles principally intended for use with tuning devices of wireless apparatus
US2430413A (en) * 1945-04-04 1947-11-04 Otto F Schulz Automotive efficiency indicating instrument
US2844039A (en) * 1954-11-20 1958-07-22 Philips Corp Dial indicator driving arrangement

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GB1333709A (en) 1973-10-17
DE2054200A1 (de) 1971-05-13

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