US3718002A - Movable dam and method of operation - Google Patents

Movable dam and method of operation Download PDF

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Publication number
US3718002A
US3718002A US00166475A US3718002DA US3718002A US 3718002 A US3718002 A US 3718002A US 00166475 A US00166475 A US 00166475A US 3718002D A US3718002D A US 3718002DA US 3718002 A US3718002 A US 3718002A
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Prior art keywords
closure element
dam
water
movable
light
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US00166475A
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English (en)
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J Aubert
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B7/00—Barrages or weirs; Layout, construction, methods of, or devices for, making same
    • E02B7/20—Movable barrages; Lock or dry-dock gates
    • E02B7/40—Swinging or turning gates
    • E02B7/44—Hinged-leaf gates

Definitions

  • the movable gate system comprises on the one hand at least one heavy closure element which can be adjusted under load and at least one light closure element which can be adjusted only in the dry and the sill of which is located at a height greater than the value corresponding to the depth of free navigation at the level of the dam when the heavy closure element has been fully withdrawn.
  • This invention relates to a movable dam which is intended to be built across waterways of 'dilierent types such as large or small rivers and spillway-lakes, especially for the purpose of regulating the water level at predetermined locations upstream of the structure.
  • This invention is also concerned with the method of operation of a dam of this type.
  • the movable dams which have been developed up to the present time for watercourses such as rivers and the like usually comprise a fixed portion of masonry which is anchored in the bed of the watercourse and placed across this latter.
  • the fixed portion usually has an opening-or channel-in which is mounted a movable portion or so-called gate.
  • the gate system serves to regulate the cross-sectional area which is provided for the flow of water through the aforesaid channel.
  • the movable gate system is so arranged as to ensure that the bed of the watercourse is completely freed in the open position.
  • the gate system comprises at least one movable closure element which can vary Widely in structural design.
  • the closure element can in fact be constituted by a pivotally mounted or sliding gate or alternatively by a shutter and the dam can comprise a series of movable closure elements such as a line of shutters, for example.
  • the aim of movable dams of this type is to retain water when the rate of flow is of low value in order to ensure a minimum depth under all circumstances (for example, the depth which is necessary for navigation) and in a predetermined position which is located upstream of the dam.
  • the closure element or elements of the movable gate system can be operated not only when their upstream and downstream faces are at the same pressure (in the position of total immersion or emersion) but also when they are under a water load and serve to retain the water, in which case their upstream and downstream faces are subjected to very diiterent pressures.
  • the aim of this invention is to provide a remedy for this situation without thereby affecting the possibility of regulating the cross-sectional area for flow through the movable gate system and is primarily directed to the construction of movable dams of economical design, that is to say dams which are appreciably lower in capital cost than a conventional movable dam having the same retaining capacity.
  • the movable dam for watercourses has a fixed portion which is anchored in the bed of the watercourse and a movable gate system for regulating the cross-sectional area provided for the flow of water through the dam and is distinguished by the fact that the movable gate system comprises on the one hand at least one first closure element which can be regulated under load or so-called heavy closure element and at least one second closure element which can be operated only in the dry" or so-called light closure element.
  • the cost price of the light closure element is substantially lower than that of the heavy closure element and the same applies to the operating system employed for said light element, the cost price of the dam can be reduced in proportion to the area represented by the light closure element or elements with respect to the total area of the gate system.
  • the height at which the sill of the light closure element is located is greater than that which corresponds to the height of free navigation along the watercourse between the dam and a predetermined upstream position, the heavy closure element being assumed to be fully withdrawn.
  • the light closure element and the heavy closure element are juxtaposed in side-by-side relation whereas, in a second embodiment, said two elements are superposed, the sill of the light closure element being located above the channel which is provided for the displacement of the heavy element.
  • the light closure element is intended to be operated only in the dry and preferably has only two positions, namely a position of full withdrawal and a position of maximum retention, the constructional design both of the light closure element and of its retaining and operating system can be appreciably simplified.
  • the light closure element can be constructed by means of a shutter which is pivotally mounted on a horizontal pin forming part of the shutter sill and provided with a retaining prop associated with a slide, said shutter being provided with only two operating positions, namely a substantially vertical retaining position and a substantially horizontal position of withdrawal.
  • the method for operating light and heavy closure elements constituting the movable gate system in a dam of the type which is contemplated in the foregoing is distinguished by the fact that the light closure element is operated in the dry since the sill of said element is not reached by the water level at the moment of operation.
  • the light closure element of the movable gate system being open, closure of said element is carried out when the flow rate of the watercourse falls below a value which is equal to the flow rate for natural navigation between a predetermined upstream position and the dam when the gate system of this latter is fully open.
  • the light closure element which was previously in the closed position is fully opened when the flow rate of the watercourse exceeds a value which is higher than the rate of flow for natural navigation between a predetermined upstream position and the dam but without permitting said flow rate to reach a value at which the water level at the dam attains the sill of the light closure element when the heavy closure element has been withdrawn.
  • FIG. 1 is a view in elevation showing a dam of a simplifi'ed type in accordance with the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a sectional view along line 11-11 of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a sectional view along line 'IIIIII of FIG. 1;
  • FIGS. 4, 7, 10 and 13 are diagrammatic views which are similar to FIG. 1 and show the dam in different positions of adjustment;
  • FIGS. 5, 8, 11 and 14 are views which are similar to FIG. 2 and show the corresponding positions of adjustment of the heavy closure element
  • FIGS. 6, 9, 12 and 15 are views which are similar to FIG. 3 and show the corresponding positions of adjustment of the light closure element
  • FIG. 16 is an explanatory sectional diagram showing the bed of the watercourse upstream of the dam shown in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 17 is a view which is similar to FIG. 1 and shows a movable dam comprising a number of light closure elements and one heavy closure element;
  • FIG. 18 is a diagrammatic sectional view of a movable dam in which the light closure element is superposed on the heavy closure element;
  • FIG. 19 is a view in side elevation showing a light shutter and of the foundation raft which is shown in transverse cross-section;
  • FIG. 20 is a perspective diagram of the aforesaid shutter
  • FIG. 21 is a view in perspective and on a larger scale showing a portion of FIG. 20.
  • FIGS. 1 to 3 of the accompanying drawings show a movable dam in accordance with the invention.
  • Said dam comprises a stationary portion 1 of masonry which is anchored in the bed 2 of the watercourse.
  • the movable dam is intended to regulate the height of that portion of said watercourse which is located between position A of the dam and a predetermined position B which is located upstream (as shown in FIG. 16), especially in order to ensure that the depth at B should be at least equal to the value h under all circumstances (namely the minimum value of free navigability, for example).
  • the position B can correspond in particular to the downstream portion of another movable dam.
  • the movable gate system of the darn comprises two types of closure elements: a first so-called heavy element 3 mounted in a channel formed in the masonry 1 and a second 4 so-called 1ight" closure element 4 mounted within another channel 6 of the masonry 1, the channels 5 and 6 being substantially juxtaposed in the example under consideration.
  • the channels 5 and 6 have different depths, the sill 7 of the channel 5 being located at a greater depth than the sill 8 of the channel 6.
  • the depth of said channel 6 is determined by certain conditons which will be explained hereinafter. If the reference S designates the area of the channel 5 which can be closed by means of the closure element 3 and the reference S designates the area of the channel 6 which can be closed by means of the closure element 4, steps are taken to ensure that the area S +S is comparable with that which corresponds to natural filling of the profile B of the watercourse bed 2 at the level of the dam at the moment of maximum high water.
  • the channel 5 for the heavy closure element is preferably formed in that portion of the profile P which has the greatest depth whilst the channel 6 for the light closure element 4 is formed in that portion of the profile P which has the smallest depth so that the assembly consisting of both channels 5 and 6 is naturally inscribed within the profile P.
  • the sill 8 of the channel 6 is formed above a water level having the reference H at A which corresponds to the flow rate Q, of the water course at which natural navigation becomes possible along the entire length of the channel between positions A and B (depth of water at least equal to h at B) assuming that the closure elements 3 and 4 are fully open, in which case the dam does not have any appreciable action on the water levels.
  • This entails the need to ensure that the cross-sectional area S of the channel 5 is sufiicient to permit the flow Q to pass under the conditions given above.
  • the entire area S of the movable gate system (namely the system corresponding to the light closure element 4) is in that case located above the level H
  • the height H of the sill 8 of the channel 6 is located in practice at a level which is higher than H by a value m which corresponds as will become apparent later to a safety margin which increases the range of operation of the light closure element 4.
  • heavy closure element 3 is meant in this description any movable member for closing the channel 5 which can be operated under load, that is to say the height of which can be adjusted whilst the upstream face is subjected to the hydrostatic pressure and the downstream face of said member is free.
  • a closure element of this type can be constituted in a conventional manner by a sliding or pivoting gate or by one or a number of rocking shutters.
  • An operating mechanism of any known type is associated with said heavy closure element 3 and serves to effect the height adjustment of said element under load.
  • said mechanism can consist of lifting chains or jacks or alternatively in the case of shutters of an articulated operating carriage which is capable of moving above the shutters.
  • light closure element 4 is meant in this description any movable closure member which can be operated only in the dry, that is to say when both faces of said member are not subjected to any pressure difference.
  • Said closure element can also be formed by a sliding or pivoting gate or by one or a number of shutters. Since it is intended that the water should never pass above the shutter 4 when this latter is in the closed position and that said shutter should not be in contact with the streams of water when it is in the withdrawn position, its structure can be made appreciably less rugged than that of the heavy closure element 3 both in regard to the plating and the structural members which support said plating. This structure is therefore much less costly.
  • the closure element 4 is intended to be brought to only two positions, namely a fully open position in which said element is completely withdrawn and a fully closed position in which the channel 6 is completely closed. Since the closure element 4 is operated in the dry and always takes up the same position at the end of operation, namely either the fully open or fully closed position, the operating means can be highly simplified. They can consist of handling means which are external to the dam (e.g., a crane or truck-mounted crane) or alternatively of means which are stationarily mounted on the dam but have low power (winches and jacks in particular).
  • the light closure element 4 is frequently in the dry state, thus permitting the use of a less massive and rugged structure which can be readily repainted;
  • Q,- a flow rate comprised between Q and Q and H the height which must be maintained on the upstream side of the dam by partial closure of the gate system in order to ensure a depth h at the critical point B.
  • variable and partial opening of the channel corresponds to a reduction in height of the heavy closure element 3 and that the flow takes place above the portion which is maintained in position within the channel 5.
  • the dam When the flow rate is equal to Q or to a closely related value, the dam is in the condition shown in FIGS. 1 to 3.
  • the water flows freely through the channel 5 and the heavy closure element 3 is completely withdrawn (as shown in FIG. 2). Since the sill 8 of the closure element 4 is at the level H and higher than the level H by a value m, said closure element. is entirely out of the water; there is no flow of water through the channel 6.
  • the closure element 4 is in that case fully withdrawn (as shown in FIG. 3).
  • closure element 3 If the flow rate continues to fall, the closure element 3 is fully closed (as shown in FIGS. 13, 14, 15) and the top edge of this latter comes to the same level as the edge of the closure element 4.
  • the water level rises to H and is retained partly by said closure element 3 and partly by the light closure element 4 which has previously been placed in the raised position.
  • the closure element 4 is not subjected to any overflow and it is thus apparent that the structure and foundation of this latter can be highly simplified.
  • the height m between the level H and the level H therefore corresponds to a safety margin which allows the required time interval for raising the light closure element 4. As this height is smaller, so the area S is larger and so the cost price of the structure as a whole is consequently lower. On the other hand, the time interval which is permitted for raising the light closure element 4 is accordingly reduced in proportion.
  • the safety margin will be greater as the light closure element 4 is of more simple constructional design and is operated by hand, for example. Even in the case of a light closure element 4 of the mechanically operated type, the operation can be carried out in advance even if it may subsequently prove necessary to perform the reverse operation if the flow rate does not vary in the expected direction. In fact, taking into account the light construction of the closure element 4, an operation entails only low power consumption.
  • the light closure element 4 is usually open
  • the level H 2.5 m. and the level H is assumed to be equal to 3 m.
  • the selected value of flow rate Q corresponding to withdrawal of the light closure elements is equal to 1400 m. /sec. and the selected value of flow rate Q,- for raising the light closure elements is equal to 600 mfi/sec.
  • the height H 3 m. is attained under flood conditions in respect of a flow rate of 1980 m. /sec. and under low-water conditions in respect of a flow rate of 440 mfi/sec.
  • closure members are opened before the flow rate attains 1980 m. /sec.;
  • closure members are closed before the flow rate drops to 440 mfi/sec.
  • FIG. 17 there is shown a particular embodiment of a movable dam according to the invention comprising a single heavy closure element 3 and a series of light closure elements 4a, 4b, 4c, and so forth which are in aligned and in juxtaposed relation to the heavy closure element 3.
  • This arrangement is particularly well suited to a river having a bed which is relatively narrow under normal flow conditions but become considerably wider under fiood conditions.
  • the first heavy closure element or elements are shown at 13 and housed in channels forming ducts 15 in the masonry 1.
  • the ducts 15 are surmounted by the raft 18 and this latter serves to support the second light closure element or elements 14 which may be of the shutter type, for example, the props of which are shown at 20.
  • the maximum retention level is shown in the figure at H
  • FIGS. 19 to 21 One advantageous form of construction of a second light closure element is illustrated in FIGS. 19 to 21.
  • This closure element comprises a shutter 21 which is pivotally mounted on horizontal pins 22 of the masonry sill 8.
  • the shutter 21 comprises a sheet steel panel 23 reinforced by two upstream sectional members 24 braced by beams which are not shown in the figure.
  • Back struts or props 25 are pivotally attached to the upright members 24 at the mid-height of these latter; the head of each prop is attached to said upright members by means of a yoke 26 and a pin 27 as shown in FIG. 21.
  • the base 28 of the prop 25 is applied against a slide 31 of a particular type known as a Pasquaud hurter.
  • the slide 31 comprises a stop groove 32 which serves to maintain the shutter 21 in the top position.
  • Hydraulic control means are additionally provided for ensuring operation of the shutter 21 in the dry. These means comprise a jack 36 which is pivotally mounted on a pin 37 arranged at the bottom of a masonry pit 38 which is formed between the two slides 31.
  • the sliding rod 39 of the jack 36 terminates in a lifting beam which is pivotally mounted at 42 in bearings 43 which are attached to the upright members 24.
  • the means for providing a connection between the shutter 21 and the foundation raft further comprise chains 44 which are attached at one end to the upright members 24 and at the other end to the foundation raft 1 by means of springs 45.
  • the weight of said shutter can be assumed to be equal to 2 tons in respect of a height of 3 m. and a width of 4 In.
  • the weight of a heavy shutter having the same operating area under load would be of the order of 6 tons.
  • a movable dam for watercourses such as rivers, lakes and the like, having a fixed portion which is anchored in the bed of the watercourse and a movable gate system for regulating the cross-sectional area for the flow of water through the dam, the movable gate system comprising a first and a second closure element, the sill of the first closure element being located at a level lower than the level of the sill of the second closure element, and means for moving the first closure element between open and closed positions relative to a portion of said cross-sectional area when only the upstream face of said first closure element is subjected to a water pressure.
  • a dam according to claim 1, wherein the height at which the sill of the second closure element is located is greater than that which corresponds to the height of free navigation along the watercourse between said dam and a predetermined upstream position when the first closure element has been fully opened.
  • a dam according to claim 1 wherein the second closure element and the first closure element are juxtaposed in side-by-side relation, the top edges of said elements being located at the same level in the closed position.
  • a dam according to claim 1, wherein the second closure element comprises a shutter which is pivotally mounted on a horizontal pin and has at least one retaining prop that slides in a slide, said shutter having only two operating positions, namely a substantially vertical retaining position and a substantially horizontal open position.
  • a method for regulating the flow of water through a darn disposed in a watercourse such as a river, a lake and the like, by regulating a cross-sectional area for the flow of water through the dam comprising the steps of positioning in said cross-sectional area a movable gate system comprising a first and a second closure element with the sill of the first closure element located at a level lower than the level of the sill of the second closure element, moving the first closure element between open and closed positions relative to a portion of said crosssectional area with only the upstream face of said first closure element subjected to the pressure of water in said watercourse, and moving said second closure element to a closed position relative to a portion of said cross-sectional area prior to the time that the water level reaches the sill of said second closure element whereby said second closure element is moved to closed position when out of contact with water in said watercourse.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Barrages (AREA)
US00166475A 1970-07-31 1971-07-27 Movable dam and method of operation Expired - Lifetime US3718002A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7028323A FR2098929A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1970-07-31 1970-07-31

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US3718002A true US3718002A (en) 1973-02-27

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US00166475A Expired - Lifetime US3718002A (en) 1970-07-31 1971-07-27 Movable dam and method of operation

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US (1) US3718002A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE768281A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2130987C3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2098929A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL7110536A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4352592A (en) * 1979-06-12 1982-10-05 Aubert J Gate system for a hydraulic dam
US4881848A (en) * 1988-07-26 1989-11-21 Davy Mckee Corporation Method of forming an immersed dam foundation and a dam structure thereon
US5178490A (en) * 1992-07-02 1993-01-12 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Wicket dam lifting module
US5310284A (en) * 1992-07-02 1994-05-10 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Weak link prop for wicket dam
US5433555A (en) * 1994-02-22 1995-07-18 Nancy Brac De La Perriere Wicket dam and lifting jack
US5758989A (en) * 1995-06-28 1998-06-02 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Linear action hurter
US20060078388A1 (en) * 2004-10-06 2006-04-13 Obermeyer Henry K Water control structure
JP2006225900A (ja) * 2005-02-15 2006-08-31 Iida Tekko Kk 空圧式起伏ゲート
US20200048853A1 (en) * 2017-03-24 2020-02-13 Hitachi Zosen Corporation Undulating gate

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4493587A (en) * 1981-02-18 1985-01-15 Antonio Ferrari System for creating dams with mobile and/or partially mobile water-retaining elements

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4352592A (en) * 1979-06-12 1982-10-05 Aubert J Gate system for a hydraulic dam
US4881848A (en) * 1988-07-26 1989-11-21 Davy Mckee Corporation Method of forming an immersed dam foundation and a dam structure thereon
US5178490A (en) * 1992-07-02 1993-01-12 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Wicket dam lifting module
US5310284A (en) * 1992-07-02 1994-05-10 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Weak link prop for wicket dam
US5433555A (en) * 1994-02-22 1995-07-18 Nancy Brac De La Perriere Wicket dam and lifting jack
US5758989A (en) * 1995-06-28 1998-06-02 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Linear action hurter
US20060078388A1 (en) * 2004-10-06 2006-04-13 Obermeyer Henry K Water control structure
US7422392B2 (en) 2004-10-06 2008-09-09 Obermeyer Henry K Water control structure
JP2006225900A (ja) * 2005-02-15 2006-08-31 Iida Tekko Kk 空圧式起伏ゲート
US20200048853A1 (en) * 2017-03-24 2020-02-13 Hitachi Zosen Corporation Undulating gate
US11098458B2 (en) * 2017-03-24 2021-08-24 Hitachi Zosen Corporation Flap gate

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2098929A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-03-10
DE2130987A1 (de) 1972-02-03
DE2130987B2 (de) 1979-08-16
BE768281A (fr) 1971-12-09
DE2130987C3 (de) 1980-04-17
NL7110536A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-02-02

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