US3717793A - Circuit protector - Google Patents

Circuit protector Download PDF

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Publication number
US3717793A
US3717793A US00239480A US3717793DA US3717793A US 3717793 A US3717793 A US 3717793A US 00239480 A US00239480 A US 00239480A US 3717793D A US3717793D A US 3717793DA US 3717793 A US3717793 A US 3717793A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
circuit
sensing
deenergizing
primary
secondary winding
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00239480A
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English (en)
Inventor
D Peterson
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Goodman Co LP
Original Assignee
Amana Refrigeration Inc
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Amana Refrigeration Inc filed Critical Amana Refrigeration Inc
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3717793A publication Critical patent/US3717793A/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
    • H05B6/64—Heating using microwaves
    • H05B6/66—Circuits
    • H05B6/666—Safety circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H37/00—Thermally-actuated switches
    • H01H37/74—Switches in which only the opening movement or only the closing movement of a contact is effected by heating or cooling
    • H01H37/76—Contact member actuated by melting of fusible material, actuated due to burning of combustible material or due to explosion of explosive material
    • H01H37/764—Contact member actuated by melting of fusible material, actuated due to burning of combustible material or due to explosion of explosive material in which contacts are held closed by a thermal pellet
    • H01H37/765—Contact member actuated by melting of fusible material, actuated due to burning of combustible material or due to explosion of explosive material in which contacts are held closed by a thermal pellet using a sliding contact between a metallic cylindrical housing and a central electrode
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/08—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current
    • H02H3/085—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current making use of a thermal sensor, e.g. thermistor, heated by the excess current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/04—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for transformers

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT An electrical circuit and means for protecting the high voltage supply of a microwave oven against faults, shorts or failures. Any failure in, for example, the magnetron energy generator, voltage rectifiers, capacitors or other components in the electrical circuit forming the secondary winding loop coupled to a high voltage step-up transformer, particularly, of the ferroresonant saturable core type results in the actuating of thermally controlled deenergizing means to decouple the oven from the line voltage source thereby preventing damage and/or unsafe operation.
  • An energy generator widely used in microwave cooking is the magnetron. Such devices are energized by domestic low frequency, low voltage sources and high voltage supplies capable of generating rectified DC voltages at levels of, for example, 4,000 to 6,000 volts.
  • electric and magnetic fields extend within an interaction region defined between a cathode and circumferentially disposed anode cavity resonators. The electrons are accelerated towards the cavity resonators and rotate in a substantially helical path to form a rotating spoke-like 'space charge and interact in energy exchanging relationship with the electric fields to generate microwave energy.
  • the term microwave is defined as electromagnetic energy having wavelengths in the order of approximately 30 centimeters to l millimeter and frequencies in excess of 300 MHz.
  • the starting voltages are applied between the anode and cathode by circuits coupled to the secondary winding of a high voltage step-up transformer.
  • the magnetron is inherently a unidirectional device since oscillations are generated only when the anode is positive relative to the cathode on alternate half-cycles.
  • Rectifying means are, therefore, employed in combination with the high voltage transformers to provide for continuous operation of the energy generator in microwave cooking.
  • Full-wave or half-wave voltage doubler circuits are customarily employed for such rectification.
  • Such circuits include numerous capacitors and semiconductor diodes.
  • a high voltage transformer which has evolved in the art to provide for controlled constant current in the pulses to energize the magnetron and thereby eliminate the effects of line voltage fluctuations is disclosed in US. Letters Pat. No. 3,396,342, issued Aug. 6, 1968, to A.E. Feinberg.
  • Such transformers have the primary and secondary windings electrically isolated from one another and are coupled in a high leakage reactance operating relationship by means of a ferroresonant saturable core. Voltage variations in the primary wind ing loop, therefore, have very little effect on the magnetron current.
  • Energy storage means are connected in the secondary winding loop and return paths for the current through such energy storage means on alternate half-cycles are provided.
  • a high voltage supply electrical circuit for a microwave oven apparatus including a step-up transformer having primary and secondary windings. Means are provided in the secondary winding loop to sense a predetermined rise in the secondary current.
  • a resistor is serially connected in the secondary winding loop. Integral with the resistor is a thermally controlled deenergizing element in series with the primary winding loop and line voltage source.
  • any equipment failure such as a shorted magnetron energy generator, inoperative diode rectifier, capacitor, or equivalent component fault which results in an increase in the secondary current will thermally actuate the protection means. Since the power dissipated by the resistor increases in proportion to the square of the current, a resistor of relatively low value, such as 4 ohms and 5 watts, can be employed. A sufficient rise in temperature will result to cause the adjacent thermally controlled element to disintegrate which will deenergize the overall microwave oven electrical circuit. Serious damage as well as unsafe operation is thereby avoided.
  • the invention is equally applicable to protect any circuits having high voltage transformers for such applications as radar, industrial microwave processing systems and communication equipment.
  • FIG. l is a schematic circuit diagram of the illustrative embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is an elevation view, partially in section, of the sensing and thermally controlled deenergizing means embodying the invention
  • FIG. 3 is an exploded elevation view of the principal components of the embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of an exemplary thermally controlled element in the closed circuit position.
  • FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the element shown in FIG. 4 in the break of open circuit position for deenergizing the overall electrical circuit.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic circuit diagram illustrative of the embodiment of the invention used in combination with microwave heating apparatus 10.
  • the high voltage supply circuit is coupled to a domestic or industrial low frequency, low voltage source 12 by means of leads l4 and 16 through a manually operated stop-start switch 18.
  • a saturable core transformer 20 having a high leakage reactance of the type disclosed in the afore-referenced US. Pat. No. 3,396,342 has primary winding 22 connected to the line leads 14 and 16.
  • the thermally controlled deenergizing element 24 of the invention is serially connected in the primary winding circuit.
  • Secondary winding 26 which is electrically isolated from the primary winding has, illustratively, a turns ratio of 40-5021 to provide the high voltages to energize the magnetron energy generator 28.
  • the energy generator is of the well-known type having a cathode 30 generally of the oxide-coated type with a directly heated filament and an anode 32 defining a plurality of cavity resonators 34 circumferentially disposed about the cathode 30.
  • the high frequency microwave energy generated by magnetron 28 is coupled by an antenna loop member 36 through conventional waveguide means to the oven enclosure defined by the conductive walls of microwave heating apparatus in a manner well known in the art. Means may also be provided for distributing the energy, such as stirrers.
  • the high voltage rectification means comprise a fullwave voltage doubler circuit 38 coupled to the secondary winding 26.
  • the circuit includes semiconductor diodes 40 and 42, electrically biased in the manner shown in the illustration. Capacitors 44 and 46 are also connected in the circuit. In operation, when the end of secondary winding 26 connected to lead 48 is poled positive, the current flows through semiconductor diode 42 to charge capacitor 46 to the predetermined voltage. Semiconductor diode 40 in this portion of the cycle remains nonconductive.
  • the total rectified voltage applied between the anode and cathode of the magnetron energy generator 28 is the sum of the voltages or approximately twice the voltage applied across each capacitor 44 and 46.
  • Other high voltage rectifying means may be employed in the practice of the invention such as half-wave voltage doubler circuits, voltage triplers or quadruplers.
  • any failures in the components such as a shorted magnetron energy generator, faulty diodes or capacitors which could result in damage or unsafe operation would not cause an increase in the primary voltage current to trip a conventional circuit breaker or fuse at the source.
  • a fault in the secondary circuit does cause an increase in current. It is this current rise which is utilized in the invention by means of a sensing element serially connected in the secondary winding loop circuit to actuate the thermally controlled deenergizing element 24 in the primary winding circuit.
  • an exemplary embodiment 52 of the invention comprises a wirewound resistor 54 having terminals 56 and 58 for serially connecting to the secondary winding loop circuit.
  • An in crease in the secondary current increases the power dissipated by the resistor 54 in proportion to the square of the current.
  • a source of thermal energy is thereby provided which is utilized to actuate the thermally controlled element 24.
  • a wirewound resistor 54 having a value of 4 ohms and power dissipation of 5 watts was found to function satisfactorily
  • the resistor circuit normally carries a current of L0 amperes R.M.S. and is at approximately 8 ,000 volts potential.
  • An exemplary thermally controlled element 62 is integrally mounted adjacent to the resistor and is isolated by means of insulating tape 60.
  • the element 62 is selected to operate with a temperature rise of approximately 358 F.
  • a thermal limiter available under the trade name Micro Temp, comprises a nonconductive material which rapidly changes from a solid to a liquid state at a predetermined temperature to actuate a spring-loaded contact and open an accompanying electrical circuit.
  • lnsulating tape 60 is wound around the element 62 to electrically isolate it from the secondary winding circuit.
  • Leads 64 and 66 together with sleeve insulators 68 and 70 provide for connecting the thermal element 62 to the primary circuit through leads 14 and 16.
  • the primary circuit connected through the thermal element handles a current of approximately 20 amperes R.M.S. during normal operation.
  • thermally controlled element 62 is illustrated in greater detail.
  • Such thermal devices which have evolved in the commercial market are capable of being miniaturized so that in an embodiment for protection of a microwave oven circuit an element having a length of typically 1% inches can be employed with a wirewound resistor 54 having an inner diameter of approximately three-sixteenths of an inch.
  • the element is shown in the closed circuit position.
  • Wire lead 64 is encased in a sealing compound 72 secured at one end of case 74 while lead 66 is disposed at the opposing end and is conductively secured to the case 74.
  • a pellet 78 of a nonconductive material which rapidly changes from a solid to a liquid state at a predetermined temperature is disposed in contact with disc member 76 to urge spring 82 against disc member 80.
  • Metallic star contact member 84 is in contiguous relationship with disc member and the interior walls of the conductive case 74 as well as the inner end of lead 64.
  • a trip spring 86 urges the contact member 84 in the opposite direction and is maintained in position by ceramic bushing 88 through which the lead 64 extends.
  • lead 64 In normal operation, with the thermal element 62 carrying the normal primary winding current, lead 64 provides a current path through star contact member 84 and the inner walls 740 of the case 74 adjacent pellet 78. The current path is completed through the opposing lead 66.
  • the thermal element 62 is shown in the open circuit position deenergizing the primary winding circuit upon the sensing of a fault in the secondary winding loop by the resistor 54.
  • the pellet 78 Upon reaching the illustrative threshold temperature of 358 F the pellet 78 will disintegrate. The circuit will be broken when lead 64 no longer contacts star contact member 84 to provide positive protection. Deenergizing of the overall microwave oven electrical circuit will prevent serious equipment damage as well as unsafe operation.
  • spring 82 has been fully extended with disc member 76 positioned against the interior of lead 66.
  • an efficient and positive operating circuit protector for sensing faults in components coupled to the secondary winding loop of a high voltage core transformer.
  • a rise in temperature due to an increase in secondary current deenergizes the primary winding circuit.
  • the thermal deenergizing element is not required to carry the high secondary voltages which in the case of microwave oven apparatus can be many thousands of volts.
  • the circuit is unique in that equipment failure results in complete decoupling of the high voltage supply circuit from the line voltage source. The oven can be operated again only after qualified service personnel have replaced the faulty component and inserted' a new circuit protector.
  • high voltage transformer means having primary and secondary windings with said primary winding connected to said voltage source;
  • circuit protector including means for sensing a predetermined current increase due to circuit faults operatively associated with said secondary winding circuit;
  • deenergizing circuit means operatively associated with said primary winding and disposed adjacent to said sensing means;
  • said deenergizing means being electrically isolated from said sensing means.
  • sensing means comprise a resistor
  • high voltage transformer means having electrically isolated primary and secondary windings with said primary winding connected to said source;
  • an electrical circuit connected to said said secondary winding including components for voltage storage, rectification and generation of high output voltages;
  • circuit protector including means for sensing a predetermined current increase due to component failure in said secondary winding circuit;
  • thermally actuated deenergizing means operatively associated with said primary winding and disposed adjacent to said sensing means.
  • an electrical circuit including high voltage transformer means having primary and secondary windings with said primary winding connected to said voltage source and a circuit loop including voltage rectification means connected to said secondary winding to generate high voltages to operate said energy generator; a circuit protector including means for sensing a predetermined current increase in said secondary winding circuit loop; and
  • deenergizing circuit means disposed in thermal con tact with said sensing means
  • said deenergizing circuit means being electrically isolated from said sensing means.
  • Microwave heating apparatus comprising:
  • electrical circuit means for energizing said generator including a voltage source, transformer means having primary and secondary windings and high voltage rectification means; v
  • circuit protector having means for sensing a predetermined current increase due to operative failure in said high voltage rectification means and energy generator;
  • deenergizing circuit means thermally associated with said sensing means
  • said deenergizing means being electrically isolated from said sensing means.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Control Of High-Frequency Heating Circuits (AREA)
  • Fuses (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Constitution Of High-Frequency Heating (AREA)
US00239480A 1972-03-30 1972-03-30 Circuit protector Expired - Lifetime US3717793A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US23948072A 1972-03-30 1972-03-30

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3717793A true US3717793A (en) 1973-02-20

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ID=22902330

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00239480A Expired - Lifetime US3717793A (en) 1972-03-30 1972-03-30 Circuit protector

Country Status (12)

Country Link
US (1) US3717793A (de)
JP (1) JPS5746197B2 (de)
AU (1) AU476766B2 (de)
BE (1) BE793158A (de)
CA (1) CA963141A (de)
CH (1) CH561971A5 (de)
DE (1) DE2261140C3 (de)
FR (1) FR2177705B1 (de)
GB (1) GB1383789A (de)
IT (1) IT977243B (de)
NL (1) NL7300295A (de)
ZA (1) ZA728768B (de)

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3824374A (en) * 1971-05-13 1974-07-16 E Mayher Condition responsive disconnect arrangement for electrical cooking equipment
JPS50100561A (de) * 1973-12-19 1975-08-09
JPS5188105U (de) * 1975-01-08 1976-07-14
JPS52166846U (de) * 1976-06-11 1977-12-17
US4096370A (en) * 1977-06-15 1978-06-20 Litton Systems, Inc. Microwave oven door interlock switch system
US4222087A (en) * 1978-08-21 1980-09-09 Hawthorne Industries, Inc. Passive triac output asymmetry detector
US4242713A (en) * 1979-10-25 1980-12-30 Goodrich Edward W Triac output asymmetry detector
US4390776A (en) * 1982-03-01 1983-06-28 Yane Daryl J Immersion heater
US4493985A (en) * 1982-05-12 1985-01-15 Geberit A.G. Welding sleeve
US4600875A (en) * 1981-02-17 1986-07-15 Tii Corporation Power supplies with latch-up prevention and automatic back-up
US4808960A (en) * 1987-11-06 1989-02-28 Therm-O-Disc, Incorporated Thermal cutoff heater
US4821010A (en) * 1987-12-30 1989-04-11 Therm-O-Disc, Incorporated Thermal cutoff heater
US4885506A (en) * 1984-12-06 1989-12-05 Nilssen Ole K Electronic magnetron power supply
US5625520A (en) * 1993-11-19 1997-04-29 Daewoo Electronics Co., Ltd. Device for preventing a high voltage transformer of a microwave oven from being overheated
US20030112117A1 (en) * 2001-07-18 2003-06-19 Ikuhiro Miyashita Thermal fuse

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5639037B2 (de) * 1973-08-20 1981-09-10
JPS52151382U (de) * 1976-05-13 1977-11-16
DE3446987A1 (de) * 1984-12-21 1986-07-03 Latvijskij gosudarstvennyj universitet imeni Petra Stučki, Riga Verbinder fuer elektrische leiter
US4756465A (en) * 1985-04-15 1988-07-12 Latviisky Gosudarstvenny Institut Method of cold welding
JPS6340273A (ja) * 1986-08-04 1988-02-20 戸塚　忠男 ケ−ブル接続方法

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1968198A (en) * 1933-09-22 1934-07-31 Theodore D Gibbs Means for protecting radio receiving sets
US3385956A (en) * 1964-07-30 1968-05-28 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Protective device for electrically warming cloth
US3396342A (en) * 1965-04-23 1968-08-06 Advance Transformer Co Power supply circuit for continuous wave magnetron operated by pulsed direct current
US3651371A (en) * 1970-09-03 1972-03-21 Roper Corp Power supply for magnetron in microwave oven or the like

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS42899Y1 (de) * 1964-10-05 1967-01-19
FR1444909A (fr) * 1965-05-28 1966-07-08 Pat & Visseaux Claude Dispositif pour la protection de transformateurs à fortes fuites magnétiques

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1968198A (en) * 1933-09-22 1934-07-31 Theodore D Gibbs Means for protecting radio receiving sets
US3385956A (en) * 1964-07-30 1968-05-28 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Protective device for electrically warming cloth
US3396342A (en) * 1965-04-23 1968-08-06 Advance Transformer Co Power supply circuit for continuous wave magnetron operated by pulsed direct current
US3651371A (en) * 1970-09-03 1972-03-21 Roper Corp Power supply for magnetron in microwave oven or the like

Cited By (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3824374A (en) * 1971-05-13 1974-07-16 E Mayher Condition responsive disconnect arrangement for electrical cooking equipment
JPS50100561A (de) * 1973-12-19 1975-08-09
JPS5188105U (de) * 1975-01-08 1976-07-14
JPS5513917Y2 (de) * 1975-01-08 1980-03-28
JPS52166846U (de) * 1976-06-11 1977-12-17
US4096370A (en) * 1977-06-15 1978-06-20 Litton Systems, Inc. Microwave oven door interlock switch system
US4222087A (en) * 1978-08-21 1980-09-09 Hawthorne Industries, Inc. Passive triac output asymmetry detector
US4242713A (en) * 1979-10-25 1980-12-30 Goodrich Edward W Triac output asymmetry detector
US4600875A (en) * 1981-02-17 1986-07-15 Tii Corporation Power supplies with latch-up prevention and automatic back-up
US4390776A (en) * 1982-03-01 1983-06-28 Yane Daryl J Immersion heater
US4493985A (en) * 1982-05-12 1985-01-15 Geberit A.G. Welding sleeve
US4885506A (en) * 1984-12-06 1989-12-05 Nilssen Ole K Electronic magnetron power supply
US4808960A (en) * 1987-11-06 1989-02-28 Therm-O-Disc, Incorporated Thermal cutoff heater
EP0315571A2 (de) * 1987-11-06 1989-05-10 Emerson Electric Co. Vorrichtung mit einem thermischen Ausschalter und einer Widerstandsheizung
EP0315571A3 (de) * 1987-11-06 1990-02-07 Emerson Electric Co. Vorrichtung mit einem thermischen Ausschalter und einer Widerstandsheizung
US4821010A (en) * 1987-12-30 1989-04-11 Therm-O-Disc, Incorporated Thermal cutoff heater
EP0323390A2 (de) * 1987-12-30 1989-07-05 Emerson Electric Co. Heizung einer thermischen Sicherung
EP0323390A3 (de) * 1987-12-30 1990-02-14 Emerson Electric Co. Heizung einer thermischen Sicherung
US5625520A (en) * 1993-11-19 1997-04-29 Daewoo Electronics Co., Ltd. Device for preventing a high voltage transformer of a microwave oven from being overheated
US20030112117A1 (en) * 2001-07-18 2003-06-19 Ikuhiro Miyashita Thermal fuse
US6724292B2 (en) * 2001-07-18 2004-04-20 Nec Schott Components Corporation Thermal fuse

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS4914955A (de) 1974-02-08
DE2261140B2 (de) 1979-07-05
DE2261140C3 (de) 1980-03-06
AU4970572A (en) 1974-06-06
NL7300295A (de) 1973-10-02
JPS5746197B2 (de) 1982-10-01
DE2261140A1 (de) 1973-10-04
BE793158A (fr) 1973-04-16
FR2177705A1 (de) 1973-11-09
ZA728768B (en) 1973-08-29
GB1383789A (en) 1974-02-12
AU476766B2 (en) 1976-10-07
FR2177705B1 (de) 1978-02-10
CA963141A (en) 1975-02-18
CH561971A5 (de) 1975-05-15
IT977243B (it) 1974-09-10

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