GB2037509A - Improvements in or Relating to Electronic Trigger Systems - Google Patents
Improvements in or Relating to Electronic Trigger Systems Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2037509A GB2037509A GB7931279A GB7931279A GB2037509A GB 2037509 A GB2037509 A GB 2037509A GB 7931279 A GB7931279 A GB 7931279A GB 7931279 A GB7931279 A GB 7931279A GB 2037509 A GB2037509 A GB 2037509A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- trigger
- trigger system
- voltage
- capacitor
- conductor
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
- H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
- H01H71/12—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release
- H01H71/24—Electromagnetic mechanisms
- H01H71/32—Electromagnetic mechanisms having permanently magnetised part
- H01H71/325—Housings, assembly or disposition of different elements in the housing
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
- H02H3/26—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents
- H02H3/32—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents involving comparison of the voltage or current values at corresponding points in different conductors of a single system, e.g. of currents in go and return conductors
- H02H3/33—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents involving comparison of the voltage or current values at corresponding points in different conductors of a single system, e.g. of currents in go and return conductors using summation current transformers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H1/00—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements
- H02H1/06—Arrangements for supplying operative power
- H02H1/063—Arrangements for supplying operative power primary power being supplied by fault current
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
- Relay Circuits (AREA)
- Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
- Breakers (AREA)
- Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)
- Rectifiers (AREA)
Abstract
An electronic trigger system for a protective fault current switch comprises a combined rectifier and voltage multiplier circuit comprising an arrangement of diodes 4, 5, 6, 7 and capacitors 8, 9, 10; a charge storage capacitor 11 connected thereto and as input member of a pulse transmitter comprising semi- conductor 12 controlled by a voltage divider 13, 14; and a semi-conductor 16 controlled by the pulse transmitter and connected in series with a coil winding of a trigger 17. The trigger 17 comprises a magnetic circuit with a short iron path and an armature having a small displaceable mass. <IMAGE>
Description
SPECIFICATION
Improvements in or Relating to Electronic
Trigger Systems
The invention relates to electronic trigger systems for protective fault current switches.
It is the purpose of trigger devices in electrical protective switches to effect an interruption of a current circuit in certain cases. Fault current circuit breakers are known which respond in the case of a fault current when a sum (differential) current transformer of the fault current circuit breaker is energized by a difference current which actuates a trigger for a switching member, the contacts of which then open the respective current circuit. In the simplest case the sum current transformer is connected by its secondary winding directly to the trigger. However, in most cases the energy delivered by the transformer in the case of small fault currents is insufficient, so that additional measures are necessary, such as increase of the sensitivity of the triggers. In the end such triggers in turn are very prone to disturbances.In order to increase the response sensitivity of a trigger device, the necessary trigger energy must therefore be increased. This may be effected on the one hand in that the energy delivered to the trigger in the case of small fault currents is increased by enlargement or improvement of the magnetic material of the transformer core. Here, however, the limits have already been reached by the constructional form of the switches as well as by physical parameters of the materials. On the other hand, systems are also in existence in which the small energy delivered by the transformer controls an amplifier of an amplifying relay, respectively, by which the trigger can then be actuated with sufficient energy, however dependently upon an external energy source (mains supply voltage).
Therefore, it is more advantageous that the energy delivered by the transformer in a certain period of time is first stored in a capacitor. A trigger device for electrical protective switches, preferably for fault current, fault voltage, or station protective switches, which utilises this principle of energy storage is already known (West German Auslegeschrift 10 57 683). A cold cathode relay or a glow lamp is provided as a voltage dependent switching member.
Admittedly, for responding, the triggers known heretofore require very high but only very short pulses. However, voltage dependent switching members of the kind described above have a very low degree of efficiency for this case of use. Thus, for example in the case of a glow lamp, a voltage of 61 volts is required in order to obtain the voltage of 1 volt necessary for the trigger. A device for protecting against fault currents of electrical apparatus is already known (West
German Offenlegungsschrift 1 7 88 159) which uses a threshold diode as voltage dependent switching member.However, since such threshold diodes require a similarly high control voltage as the glow lamps described before, the
proposal has been made in this case to maintain
the necessary voltage control at a sufficiently high
level by an additional winding of the sum current
transformer, or by making use of the mains supply
voltage across a primary winding of the
transformer. In this case, however, the secondary
voltage of the transformer must be high.
According to the invention, there is provided an
electronic trigger system for a protective fault
current switch, comprising a combined rectifier
and voltage multiplier circuit, a charge storage
capacitor connected to the combined rectifier and
multiplier circuit, a voltage dependent switching
member, and a trigger which is provided with a
coil winding, the combined rectifier and voltage
multiplier circuit comprising an arrangement of
diodes and capacitors, the charge storage
capacitor being provided as an input member of
an electronic pulse transmitter, which comprises
a pulse semi-conductor arranged to be controlled
by a voltage divider, a voltage dependent
switching member comprising a controllable
semi-conductor being arranged to be controlled
by the pulse transmitter, the controllable semiconductor being connected in series with the coil winding of the trigger, the trigger comprising a
magnetic circuit with a short iron path and an armature having a small displaceable mass.
It is thus possible to provide a trigger system which converts the energy stored in the charge storage capacitor to a short but strong trigger pulse and to transfer it suddenly to the coil winding of the trigger the mechanical construction of which is adjusted to this trigger pulse. The.switch provided for this purpose, may be capable of switching even at a verylow secondary voltage of a transformer.
The electronic trigger system may comprise only a few constructional components and circuit elements which can be arranged in a particularly compact and space saving manner of construction. The manner of working of the switch at a very low secondary voltage of the transformer means a very good degree of efficiency and renders it capable of triggering in order to obtain a reliable response threshold.
Because of the good degree of efficiency of this arrangement, the energy delivered by the transformer may be very much smaller than in the systems previously referred to. Thus the switch volumes may be reduced, or the fault current leading to response may be decreased; both of these features are beneficial for an improved manner of use and increased protection effect against electrical accidents. Moreover an auxiliary energy source is not required for operation.
Preferably, the combined rectifier and voltage multiplier comprises at least three diodes connected in series in the conductive direction in a positive line and a diode connected between the anode of a first of the three diodes and a negative line in the non-conductive direction, a capacitor arranged in parallel with a first and a second of the three diodes, the junction of the first and second diodes and the negative line being bridged by a second capacitor, a third capacitor is connected in the negative line between the terminals of the diode connected in the nonconducting direction and the second capacitor, and the cathode of the third diode and the junction of the anode of the diode connected in the non-conducting direction and the third capacitor being connected to the terminals of the charge storage capacitor.
The rectifier circuit used for the storage of the alternating current delivered by the transformer can be conceived in such a way that the charging of the capacitor is effected from each current halfwave. This means that an electronic trigger system which is constructed in this way and is built into a protective fault current switch enables this switch to respond not only to pure alternating current, but can respond also to half-wave current, varying direct current or strong direct current pulses of any current direction.
Preferably, the pulse semi-conductor comprises a programmable unijunction transistor whose anode is connected to the positive line, whose control electrode is connected to the tapping point of the voltage divider, and whose cathode is connected to the control electrode of the controllable semi-conductor.
In this case it is advantageous to construct one of the resistors of the voltage divider in an adjustable manner in order to permit the switching point of the pulse semi-conductor to be determined accurately. It is also advisable to provide the conductive path of the voltage divider with a diode for the purpose of temperature compensation.
Preferably, the constructional elements of the combined rectifier and voltage multiplier circuit and the constructional components of the pulse transmitter are arranged on a common circuit board.
Preferably, the circuit board and the trigger are accommodated in a common housing.
Preferably a yoke of the trigger is of U-shaped construction and comprises magnetically soft flat punched-out parts, wherein one of the limbs supports the coil winding, the armature having a narrow configuration.
Preferably, a permanent magnet provided for producing a holding flux, and the circuit board are arranged on the limb of the trigger yoke not provided with a winding.
The invention will be further described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figure 1 shows the circuit arrangement of an electronic trigger system;
Figure 2 shows a trigger with integrated switching unit, in front view and,
Figure 3 is a plan view of the unit of Figure 2.
As shown in Figure 1, a single phase supply network is connected by its phase or live conductor R and a neutral conductor N to primary windings 1 and 2 of a sum (differential) current transformer. A secondary winding 3 constitutes a connection to a circuit combination which comprises rectifiers 4, 5, 6 and 7 as well as capacitors 8, 9 and 10. In the case of a fault current, an alternating voltage is produced in the secondary winding 3 which voltage is rectified and amplified in the circuit combination. The energy produced is stored in a capacitor 11 within a certain period of time. A pulse semi-conductor 12 which is employed as a programmable unijunction transistor provides in conjunction with a voltage divider formed by resistors 1 3 and 14, a required trigger pulse.In this case a diode 1 5 may be inserted into the conductive path of the voltage divider for the purpose of temperature compensation. The cathode of the pulse semiconductor 1 2 is connected to the control electrode of a controllable semi-conductor 1 6. A thyristor may be employed as the controllable semi-conductor. As soon as the controllable semiconductor is made conductive, the energy stored in the capacitor 11 is suddenly transmitted as a strong trigger pulse to the coil winding of a trigger 17, whereby the trigger responds. By way of a switching member and further switching means, the response of the trigger effects disconnection of the endangered installation from the supply network.
As shown in Figures 2 and 3, the complete electronic trigger system substantially comprises a magnetic circuit comprising a yoke 18 with limbs 19 and 20 and an armature 21, a coil winding 22 arranged around the limb 19, a permanent magnet 23 as the part of the yoke 18 free of a winding, and a board 24 on which the constructional component parts of the electronic switch are disposed. The whole electronic trigger system is encapsulated in a common casing 25.
Claims (11)
1. An electronic trigger system for a protective fault current switch, comprising a combined rectifier and voltage multiplier circuit, a charge storage capacitor connected to the combined rectifier and multiplier circuit, a voltage dependent switching member, and a trigger which is provided with a coil winding, the combined rectifier and voltage multiplier circuit comprising an arrangement of diodes and capacitors the charge storage capacitor being provided as an input member of an electronic pulse transmitter, which comprises a pulse semiconductor arranged to be controlled by a voltage divider, a voltage dependent switching member comprising a controllable semi-conductor being arranged to be controlled by the pulse transmitter, the controllable semi-conductor being connected in series with the coil winding of the trigger, the trigger comprising a magnetic circuit with a short iron path and an armature having a small displaceable mass.
2. A trigger system as claimed in claim 1, in which the combined rectifier and voltage multiplier comprises at least three diodes connected in series in the conductive direction in a positive line and a diode connected between the anode of a first of the three diodes and a negative line in the non-conductive direction, a capacitor arranged in parallel with the first and a second of the three diodes, the junction of the first and second diodes and the negative line being bridged by a second capacitor, a third capacitor is connected in the negative line between the terminals of the diode connected in the nonconducting direction and the second capacitor, and the cathode of the third diode and the junction of the anode of the diode connected in the non-conducting direction and the third capacitor being connected to the terminals of the charge storage capacitor.
3. A trigger system as claimed in claim 1 or 2, in which the pulse semi-conductor comprises a programmable unijunction transistor whose anode is connected to the positive line, whose control electrode is connected to the tapping point of the voltage divider, and whose cathode is connected to the control electrode of the controllable semi-conductor.
4. A trigger system as claimed in any one of claims 1 or 3, in which one of the resistors of the voltage divider is of adjustable value.
5. A trigger system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, in which a diode is connected in the conductive direction between the positive line and one of the resistors of the voltage divider.
6. A trigger system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, in which the constructional elements of the combined rectifier and voltage multiplier circuit and the constructional components of the pulse transmitter are arranged on a common circuit board.
7. A trigger system as claimed in claim 6, in which the circuit board and the trigger are accommodated in a common housing.
8. A trigger system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, in which a yoke of the trigger is of
Ushaped construction and comprises magnetically soft flat punched-out parts, wherein one of the limbs supports the coil winding the armature having a narrow configuration.
9. A trigger system as claimed in claim 8, in which a permanent magnet provided for producing a holding flux and the circuit board are arranged on the limb of the trigger yoke not provided with a winding.
10. An electronic trigger system for a protective fault current switch, substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to and as illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
11. A protective fault current switch including a trigger system as claimed in any one of the preceding claims.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE2856316A DE2856316C3 (en) | 1978-12-27 | 1978-12-27 | Electronic tripping system for circuit breakers, in particular for residual current circuit breakers |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB2037509A true GB2037509A (en) | 1980-07-09 |
| GB2037509B GB2037509B (en) | 1983-01-06 |
Family
ID=6058489
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB7931279A Expired GB2037509B (en) | 1978-12-27 | 1979-09-10 | Electronic trigger systems |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AT (1) | AT381417B (en) |
| BE (1) | BE878401A (en) |
| CH (1) | CH653490A5 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2856316C3 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK148028C (en) |
| ES (1) | ES484503A0 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2445603A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2037509B (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1123197B (en) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE8011640U1 (en) * | 1980-04-29 | 1980-07-24 | Felten & Guilleaume Carlswerk Ag, 5000 Koeln | Housing with holding device for components of a release, in particular for residual current circuit breakers |
| DE4039921A1 (en) * | 1990-12-14 | 1992-06-17 | Schupa Elektro Gmbh & Co Kg | FAULT CURRENT SENSOR CIRCUIT |
| ES2072643T3 (en) * | 1992-02-20 | 1995-07-16 | Siemens Ag | RETAINING MAGNET TRIGGER FOR PROTECTIVE DEVICES, ESPECIALLY FOR FAULT CURRENT SWITCHES. |
| FR2697670B1 (en) * | 1992-11-04 | 1994-12-02 | Merlin Gerin | Relay constituting a mechanical actuator to trip a circuit breaker or a differential switch. |
| ATE161666T1 (en) * | 1994-09-14 | 1998-01-15 | Siemens Ag | RESIDUAL CURRENT BREAKER WITH ENERGY STORAGE CIRCUIT |
| CN101625944B (en) * | 2009-08-03 | 2011-08-03 | 江苏国星电器有限公司 | Permanent magnet releaser |
| DE102013113456A1 (en) * | 2013-12-04 | 2015-06-11 | Eaton Electrical Ip Gmbh & Co. Kg | Magnetic release for a switching device |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1057683B (en) * | 1957-03-02 | 1959-05-21 | Felten & Guilleaume Carlswerk | Trip device for electrical circuit breakers |
| FR1411747A (en) * | 1964-07-15 | 1965-09-24 | Electronique Et D Automatique | Improvements to protective devices against earth fault currents in power supply circuits |
| DE1788159C3 (en) * | 1964-07-15 | 1980-10-09 | Lead Lab Electron Aut Dauph | Device for triggering a relay when a fault current occurs |
| FR1553951A (en) * | 1967-12-06 | 1969-01-17 | ||
| CH475661A (en) * | 1968-11-06 | 1969-07-15 | Landis & Gyr Ag | Residual current circuit breaker |
| DE2216001A1 (en) * | 1972-04-01 | 1973-10-11 | Heinemann Elect South Africa | EARTH CONNECTION DEVICE |
-
1978
- 1978-12-27 DE DE2856316A patent/DE2856316C3/en not_active Expired
-
1979
- 1979-08-02 AT AT0531979A patent/AT381417B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1979-08-23 BE BE0/196858A patent/BE878401A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1979-09-03 FR FR7922019A patent/FR2445603A1/en active Granted
- 1979-09-10 GB GB7931279A patent/GB2037509B/en not_active Expired
- 1979-09-12 CH CH8271/79A patent/CH653490A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1979-09-17 IT IT25774/79A patent/IT1123197B/en active
- 1979-09-27 ES ES484503A patent/ES484503A0/en active Granted
- 1979-12-21 DK DK550279A patent/DK148028C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB2037509B (en) | 1983-01-06 |
| ES8102427A1 (en) | 1980-12-16 |
| DK148028B (en) | 1985-02-04 |
| CH653490A5 (en) | 1985-12-31 |
| ES484503A0 (en) | 1980-12-16 |
| FR2445603A1 (en) | 1980-07-25 |
| DE2856316B2 (en) | 1981-01-15 |
| ATA531979A (en) | 1986-02-15 |
| AT381417B (en) | 1986-10-10 |
| DE2856316A1 (en) | 1980-07-03 |
| DK148028C (en) | 1985-07-01 |
| DE2856316C3 (en) | 1983-11-03 |
| IT7925774A0 (en) | 1979-09-17 |
| IT1123197B (en) | 1986-04-30 |
| FR2445603B1 (en) | 1983-11-18 |
| BE878401A (en) | 1979-12-17 |
| DK550279A (en) | 1980-06-28 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 746 | Register noted 'licences of right' (sect. 46/1977) | ||
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 19920910 |