US3716961A - In-package sterilization - Google Patents

In-package sterilization Download PDF

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Publication number
US3716961A
US3716961A US00102479A US3716961DA US3716961A US 3716961 A US3716961 A US 3716961A US 00102479 A US00102479 A US 00102479A US 3716961D A US3716961D A US 3716961DA US 3716961 A US3716961 A US 3716961A
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United States
Prior art keywords
package
sterilant
articles
sterilization
holding area
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00102479A
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English (en)
Inventor
P Cope
J Miles
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Procter and Gamble Co
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Procter and Gamble Co
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
    • A61L2/16—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor using chemical substances
    • A61L2/20—Gaseous substances, e.g. vapours
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F15/00—Auxiliary appliances for wound dressings; Dispensing containers for dressings or bandages
    • A61F15/001—Packages or dispensers for bandages, cotton balls, drapes, dressings, gauze, gowns, sheets, sponges, swabsticks or towels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B55/00—Preserving, protecting or purifying packages or package contents in association with packaging
    • B65B55/02—Sterilising, e.g. of complete packages

Definitions

  • Ethylene oxide gas as a sterilant has been found to be very effective and satisfactory for the complete elimination of micro organisms and organic life. Ethylene oxide is not only exceedingly efficient, but also does not change the composition or physical characteristics of heat and/or moisture sensitive materials.
  • Ethylene oxide is used in a sterilization process similar to the process wherein superheated steam was the sterilant in that sterilization is done on a batch basis in a large pressure vessel.
  • the process described in U. S. Pat. No. 2,938,766, Hall, issued on May 21, 1960 is representative of the sterilization process presently used by manufacturers of disposables.
  • the process of the Hall patent requires seven steps after the disposable product is encapsulated within its own individual gaspermeable protective package and placed within a pressure chamber. These steps are: (l) preheat, (2) draw first vacuum, (3) introduce sterilant to chamber, (4) exposure to sterilant for up to 4 hours, (5) draw second vacuum, (6) flush with sterile air, and (7) remove the packages. That process takes up to seven hours for completion of the seven steps.
  • the sterilant must permeate the package twice, first to get inside and second to get back out, before the package is removed from the pressure chamber.
  • the ruptured vial i.e., the ruptured vial, it is a batch type operation, and it is not easily adaptable to a production operation.
  • Another object is to provide a method for packing and sterilizing articles which is compatible with highspeed packing line operations.
  • a more specific object is to provide a method wherein the gaseous sterilant is instantaneously admitted within the packages and the permeability of the packages is relied on to control the sterilant concentration and the gradual dissipation of the sterilant.
  • articles which are to be sterilized and remain sterile until used are packaged individually in bacteria impervious, gas permeable packages.
  • a charge of gaseous sterilant is admitted to each package and the packages are moved to a holding area where the sterilization process is completed and the sterilant concentration within the packages is reduced as the sterilant permeates the packages.
  • FIG. 4 is a perspective of the package after the sterilant has been admitted with the needle used for injecting the sterilant not yet withdrawn.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown an article 11 partially enclosed in its own individual package 17.
  • package 17 can be formed by superposing two coextensive sheets of gas permeable, bacteria impervious material, bottom sheet and top sheet 16, and bonding these two sheets together along three edges with seal strips 12; leaving a portal large enough so the article 11 to be sterilized can be inserted between the two superposed packaging sheets.
  • the packaging material is preferably of the thermoplastic, heat sealable type which are gas permeable and bacteria impervious.
  • the permeability constants for any gas usually expressed in: volume of gas [at standard temperature and pressure] transmitted, per
  • time period, per area of film transmitting gas, per gas partial pressure differential across the film, per unit of film thickness, i.e., volume/time/film area/pressure differential/film thickness) vary greatly according to the nature of the film materials, the variances being related to the physical and chemical characteristics of the film.
  • Amorphous polymers have higher permeabilities than crystalline polymers.
  • highly crystalline cellulose has a lower permeability than the less crystalline cellulose acetate.
  • crystallinity alone does not necessarily determine the transmission rate, as is shown by considering the permeation through polyethylene, polytrifluoromonochloroethylene, and
  • Poly (vinylidene chloride) is a symmetrical molecule with a high cohesive energy density and has a very low permeability.
  • Polyethylene is even more symmetrical, but the cohesive energy density is much lower and it has a much larger permeability constant.
  • Polytrifluoromonochloroethylene is unsymmetrical but has a high cohesive energy density and has a permea bility intermediate the other two polymers. Therefore the cohesive energy density of a polymer is very determinant of its permeability.
  • thermoplastic films are bacteria impervious as long as they are free from any holes. Bacteria are much larger than gas molecules, thus bacteria cannot pass through a solid film, but the slightest hole even a pin hole can be sufficient to permit bacteria to pass through. Therefore, the processing of a film must be analyzed to determine whether pin holes could be in the film, e.g., some films are electrostatically processed to give the film printability and are not acceptable from a bacteria impervious standpoint because the process can cause pin holes in the film.
  • the package 17, which acts as the sterilization chamber, must 'have the proper permeability properties, i.e., it must contain the sterilant long enough to effect sterilization within the package but must also release the sterilant at a rate fast enough so the concentration within the package upon shipment is low enough that the danger of physical harm to humans from further permeation is substantially reduced. 5
  • Sterilization of an article is dependent upon an inverse function between sterilant concentration and time exposed to that sterilant concentration.
  • a packaging materials permeability rate will control the sterilant concentration and the length of time this concentration exists, therefore selection of a packaging material with the proper permeability properties is important when sterilizing within a permeable package.
  • the seal strips 12 can be made byan appropriate means, e.g.', with a thermal impulse heat sealer which is well known to those skilled in the packaging arts and commercially available from Vertrod, Brooklyn, N.Y. (hereinafter referred to as a Vertrod).
  • the packages shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 show that vacuum packing removes all the air possible. The expelled air carries unwanted organisms with it and leaves more free space for the sterilant so the sterilant can be injected without inducing extreme internal pressure on the package. Also, no dilution of the sterilant occurs, and better diffusion and penetration by the sterilant occurs if the air is removed from the package before the sterilant is admitted.
  • encapsulation of article 11 is completed by sealing the fourth side of package 17 in a vacuum sealer. It is a machine which draws a vacuum on the package, clamps the open edge of the package, and then heat seals the open edge of the package.
  • a vacuum sealer is the Flex Vac available from the Standard Packing Corporation, New York, N.Y.
  • the vacuum on the package interior can also be drawn after the package is completely sealed, i.e., by puncturing the package, subjecting it to a vacuum, and subsequently rescaling it to maintain the vacuum on the package interior.
  • Ethylene oxide is the most preferred sterilant because it is highly effective and generally available, and a mixture consisting essentially of nominally 12 percent ethylene oxide, 44 percent Freon 11, and 44 percent Freon l2, commercially available from The Matheson Company, Inc., East Rutherford, N.J., is a preferred mixture because it is below the flammability threshold of the ethylene oxide.
  • Another sterilant which could be used is propylene oxide.
  • ethylene oxide has a built-in warning factor in that at 700 ppm it will irritate ones nose and eyes, thus drawing attention to the fact that a potentially toxic condition exists.
  • the recommended 8 hour exposure level to ethylene oxides is 100 ppm; as a comparison, the level recommended for ammonia is 50 ppm.
  • concentrations of greater than approximately 30,000 ppm in air it is flammable and if contained, it is explosive. Liquid ethylene oxide boils, i.e., vaporizes, at about 51 F at 1 atmosphere of pressure.
  • the sterilant can be injected through a hollow probe 13, e.g., a number hyperchrome stainless hypodermic needle, with a luerlok fitting as is well known to men of ordinary skill in the injection art and available from Becton, Dickinson & Co., Rutherford, N.J., which pierces the package 17.
  • the needle is attached to a common gas syringe as is well known to those skilled in the art and commercially available from Hamilton Co., Inc. Whittier, California as a Super Syringe, Model No. 8-1500, 1.5 liter; the
  • FIG. 4 shows package 17 with the sterilant inside and seal tape 14 in position ready to seal the aperture when needle 13 is withdrawn.
  • the seal tape 14 can be any material which will form a bacteria impervious seal. Ordinary cellophane tape such as Scotch brand tape sold by the Minnesota, Mining, & Manufacturing Co., St. Paul, Minn., has been found to perform well as a seal tape 14.
  • a liquid sterilant is more easily delivered by means of this system than is a gaseous sterilant, but the high pressure nozzle will deliver either. a liquid or gaseous sterilant.
  • a seal'tape 14 is also preferably used to close the opening made in package 17 when the sterilant is admitted via a high pressure nozzle.
  • a third way to get a sterilizing atmosphere inside the package 17 is to form, fill, and seal the package within an atmosphere of the sterilant. Sealed package 17 with entrapped sterilant is then moved out of the sterilizing atmosphere to the holding area. This method is particularly well adapted for use with one of the non-explosive sterilizing gas mixtures.
  • each package 17 acts as a sterilization chamber for its own enclosed article 11 and maintains a sterilizing concentration for a time period sufficient to sterilize article 11 and the interior of package 17.
  • the conditions in this holding area are not critical except that it should be well ventilated. Ventilation is necessary to prevent the build-up of sterilant concentrations greater than the toxic or flammability thresholds for the sterilant used.
  • a complete change of air approximately once every minute is suff cient to keep the sterilant concentration at less than ppm, the maximum continuous exposure level for ethylene oxide, if the ethylene oxide is permeating 3 mil, low density, polyethylene film.
  • Sterilant concentration build-ups are likely to occur if the holding area is not ventilated because the sterilant is heavier than air and thus will tend to settle and fill a room from the bottom to the top.
  • the air taken from the holding area can be processed to remove or render harmless the sterilant therewithin.
  • the temperature of the holding area can be varied in order to get different sterilization times, but room temperature is usually sufficient to provide satisfactory sterilization times.
  • the preferred temperature range is 70 F and above. With temperatures below 70 F the time required to achieve sterilization can be very long. Higher temperatures yield shorter sterilization times because the higher temperature speeds up the chemical process wherein the bacteria are destroyed.
  • the package 17 can be removed from the holding area and placed in a normal storage area.
  • One factor to consider in removing the sterilized packages from the holding area is whether the sterilant remaining within package 17 will, after permeating the package, accumulate in concentrations which surpass the toxic or flammability thresholds.
  • the package 17 should preferably be held in the ventilated holding area until substantially all the sterilant has permeated the package; then little sterilant would remain to accumulate in concentrations greater than the danger thresholds.
  • EXAMPLE I An absorbent pad constructed in accordance with the teachings of U. S. Pat. Re. 26,151, Disposable Diaper, Reissued Jan. 31, 1967 without the plastic backsheet, weighing 55.12 grams and measuring 11.0 X 21.0 X 1.6 centimetersin a folded condition and a Bacterial Spore Strip, such as the Spordex made by American Sterilizer Company of Erie, Penna, were inserted between two superposed sheets of the 3 mil, low density, polyethylene film, mentioned above, which previously were heat sealed together along three sides of the prospective package with a Vertrod heat sealer mentioned above.
  • a Bacterial Spore Strip such as the Spordex made by American Sterilizer Company of Erie, Penna
  • the partially closed package was then placed in the Flex Vac, mentioned above, wherein a vacuum of approximately 29 inches of mercury was drawn on the package interior and the fourth side of the package was heat sealed.
  • the package was then removed from the Flex Vac and the fourth side was resealed on the Vertrod to insure that the fourth side was sealed tightly.
  • the dimensions of the package within the seal strips were 12.7 X 23.0 X 1.0 centimeters, yielding a package surface area of approximately 584.2 square centimeters. 400 cubic centimeters, of the nominal 12 percent ethylene oxide mentioned above was loaded at room temperature (70-7 5 F) and atmospheric pressure into the gas syringe mentioned above from a pressurized tank of the sterilant.
  • a number hypodermic needle was then attached to the gas syringe and the needle was forced through one package wall and into the disposable diaper. The gaseous sterilant mixture was then injected into the package, the needle was withdrawn from the package,
  • EXAMPLE III A package was prepared from the 1.5 mil polypropylene film mentioned above, encapsulating an absorbent pad and spore strip, and 500 milliliters of ethylene oxide was injected, all as described in EXAM- PLE I. The package then was placed in a 120 F, constant temperature room and was removed after 2 hours in the 120 F holding area. The spore strip, removed and processed as described in EXAMPLE 1, indicated no living organisms remained in the package. Exposure to the sterilant for 2 hours at 120 F was sufficient to eliminate all bacteria in the package when the sterilant charge was 500 milliliters of ethylene oxide even though the sterilant was constantly escaping by permeation.
  • the method of manufacturing sterilized articles comprising: sequentially a. encapsulating one or more articles within a gaspermeable, bacteria-impervious package;
US00102479A 1970-12-29 1970-12-29 In-package sterilization Expired - Lifetime US3716961A (en)

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US10247970A 1970-12-29 1970-12-29

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US (1) US3716961A (fr)
BE (1) BE777451A (fr)
CA (1) CA953073A (fr)
DE (1) DE2164779C3 (fr)
FR (1) FR2121012A5 (fr)
GB (2) GB1383013A (fr)
IT (1) IT946256B (fr)
NL (1) NL7117794A (fr)

Cited By (46)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5045197U (fr) * 1973-08-24 1975-05-07
EP0039947A1 (fr) * 1980-05-12 1981-11-18 Pennwalt Corporation Récipient à parois minces, non chargées, transparentes, et flexibles, destiné à la conservation et au transport de fluide biogène
WO1984004036A1 (fr) * 1983-04-18 1984-10-25 Baxter Travenol Lab Articles et compositions permettant d'obtenir un effet antimicrobien pendant le drainage urinaire
WO1986003976A1 (fr) * 1984-12-27 1986-07-17 Baxter Travenol Laboratories, Inc. Systeme de stockage de tissus
US4937046A (en) * 1988-01-26 1990-06-26 H. W. Andersen Products Inc. Sterilization system and method
US5082636A (en) * 1989-10-04 1992-01-21 H. W. Andersen Products, Inc. Maintaining relative humidity in gas sterilizers and humidifying device for use with gas sterilizers
US5135715A (en) * 1989-10-04 1992-08-04 H. W. Andersen Products, Inc. Method of maintaining relative humidity in gas sterilizers
US5433061A (en) * 1991-06-06 1995-07-18 Ricegrowers' Co-Operative Limited Air removal apparatus
US5735609A (en) * 1996-07-16 1998-04-07 The West Company Container for holding sterilized elements
US5868244A (en) * 1997-12-01 1999-02-09 Ethicon, Inc. Microbial barrier vented package for sterile medical devices and method of packaging
US6363890B1 (en) * 1998-03-06 2002-04-02 Kenneth C. Beck Package for animal bedding pads
US6406674B1 (en) 1993-06-30 2002-06-18 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Single step sterilization wrap system
WO2002053194A2 (fr) * 2000-12-28 2002-07-11 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Procede de sterilisation d'article medical
WO2002058746A1 (fr) * 2000-12-28 2002-08-01 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Dispositif et procede de sterilisation d'articles medicaux
US20030029740A1 (en) * 2001-08-07 2003-02-13 Caveness Tracey L. Compact packaged towel
US20040076564A1 (en) * 2002-10-16 2004-04-22 Schild Lisa A. Multi-layer products having improved strength attributes
US20040074593A1 (en) * 2002-10-16 2004-04-22 Schild Lisa A. Methods of making multi-layer products having improved strength attributes
US20040176735A1 (en) * 2003-03-04 2004-09-09 Snell Alan K. Packaged diaper, related accessories and packaging system
US20040197248A1 (en) * 2002-02-28 2004-10-07 Olympus Corporation Sterilization apparatus and container for sterilization
EP1475106A2 (fr) * 2000-12-28 2004-11-10 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Procédé et dispositif pour la stérilisation d'objets médicaux
US20050015052A1 (en) * 2003-07-17 2005-01-20 Michelle Klippen Compression packed absorbent article
US20050102139A1 (en) * 2003-11-11 2005-05-12 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Information processing method and apparatus
US20050143700A1 (en) * 2003-03-04 2005-06-30 Diaperoos, Llc Manufacture of vacuum-packed diaper
US20050155896A1 (en) * 2003-03-04 2005-07-21 Diaperoos, Llc Pressing and vacuum-sealing diaper in vacuum chamber
US20060179794A1 (en) * 2000-04-26 2006-08-17 Diaperoos, Llc Carrying vacuum-packaged diaper in pocket on person
US20060206082A1 (en) * 2000-04-26 2006-09-14 Diaperoos, Llc Vacuum-Packaging Diaper in Normal Condition
US20060206084A1 (en) * 2000-04-26 2006-09-14 Diaperoos, Llc Portable Set of Compact Absorbent Articles
US20060206081A1 (en) * 2000-04-26 2006-09-14 Diaperoos, Llc Vacuum-Packaging Diaper
US20060206080A1 (en) * 2000-04-26 2006-09-14 Diaperoos, Llc Vacuum-Packaged Absorbent Article
US20060206083A1 (en) * 2000-04-26 2006-09-14 Diaperoos, Llc Set of Compact Absorbent Articles
US20060206078A1 (en) * 2000-04-26 2006-09-14 Diaperoos, Llc Vacuum-Packaged Diaper
US20060201112A1 (en) * 2000-04-26 2006-09-14 Diaperoos, Llc Reconfiguring and Vacuum-Packaging Diaper
US20060254219A1 (en) * 2005-01-12 2006-11-16 Ehsan Alipour Method and apparatus for evacuating and sealing containers
US20070026472A1 (en) * 2005-07-28 2007-02-01 Kimberly-Clark, Worldwide, Inc. Sterilization wrap with additional strength sheet
US20070023309A1 (en) * 2005-07-27 2007-02-01 General Hospital Supply Corporation Sterilization pouch for medical instruments and methods of use
US20080051754A1 (en) * 2000-04-26 2008-02-28 Nadia Corlett Vacuum-packaged diaper apparatus and methods
US20080051753A1 (en) * 2000-04-26 2008-02-28 Nadia Corlett Vacuum-packaged diaper apparatus and methods
US20080051752A1 (en) * 2000-04-26 2008-02-28 Nadia Corlett Vacuum-packaged diaper apparatus and methods
US20080128295A1 (en) * 2003-03-04 2008-06-05 Diaperoos, Llc Package having vacuum packed absorbent article and methods thereof
US20080134639A1 (en) * 2000-04-26 2008-06-12 Nadia Corlett Vacuum-packaged diaper apparatus and methods
US20080142389A1 (en) * 2003-03-04 2008-06-19 Diaperoos, Llc Package having vacuum packed absorbent article and methods thereof
US20100077701A1 (en) * 2007-03-30 2010-04-01 Ehmer Wilfried Method and apparatus for preparing and filling packages including pouches and containers, such as pouches and containers for food products
US20120323205A1 (en) * 2011-06-15 2012-12-20 Sarah Beth Vanderwagen Burn diaper
US20160310253A1 (en) * 2015-04-23 2016-10-27 Sofradim Production Flat package for a surgical mesh and a method of packaging a surgical mesh in said package
USD825198S1 (en) * 2015-04-09 2018-08-14 Medline Industries, Inc. Sterile wrap
USD838999S1 (en) * 2015-04-09 2019-01-29 Medline Industries, Inc. Sterile wrap

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CN112353984B (zh) * 2020-10-10 2022-05-24 广东石油化工学院 一种针对冷链物资的堆码式消毒装置及方法
CN112353985A (zh) * 2020-10-10 2021-02-12 广东石油化工学院 针对冷链物资的新型冠状病毒的穿刺式消毒装置及方法

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US2242686A (en) * 1938-03-09 1941-05-20 Leslie L Tirrell Package
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Cited By (93)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5045197U (fr) * 1973-08-24 1975-05-07
JPS5324156Y2 (fr) * 1973-08-24 1978-06-21
US4346710A (en) * 1978-06-16 1982-08-31 Pennwalt Corporation Article for storage and transport of biogenic fluids
EP0039947A1 (fr) * 1980-05-12 1981-11-18 Pennwalt Corporation Récipient à parois minces, non chargées, transparentes, et flexibles, destiné à la conservation et au transport de fluide biogène
WO1984004036A1 (fr) * 1983-04-18 1984-10-25 Baxter Travenol Lab Articles et compositions permettant d'obtenir un effet antimicrobien pendant le drainage urinaire
WO1986003976A1 (fr) * 1984-12-27 1986-07-17 Baxter Travenol Laboratories, Inc. Systeme de stockage de tissus
US4714595A (en) * 1984-12-27 1987-12-22 Baxter Travenol Laboratories, Inc. Tissue storage system
US4937046A (en) * 1988-01-26 1990-06-26 H. W. Andersen Products Inc. Sterilization system and method
US5082636A (en) * 1989-10-04 1992-01-21 H. W. Andersen Products, Inc. Maintaining relative humidity in gas sterilizers and humidifying device for use with gas sterilizers
US5135715A (en) * 1989-10-04 1992-08-04 H. W. Andersen Products, Inc. Method of maintaining relative humidity in gas sterilizers
US5433061A (en) * 1991-06-06 1995-07-18 Ricegrowers' Co-Operative Limited Air removal apparatus
US6406674B1 (en) 1993-06-30 2002-06-18 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Single step sterilization wrap system
US7361317B2 (en) 1993-06-30 2008-04-22 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Single step sterilization wrap system
US5735609A (en) * 1996-07-16 1998-04-07 The West Company Container for holding sterilized elements
US5868244A (en) * 1997-12-01 1999-02-09 Ethicon, Inc. Microbial barrier vented package for sterile medical devices and method of packaging
US6363890B1 (en) * 1998-03-06 2002-04-02 Kenneth C. Beck Package for animal bedding pads
US20080051753A1 (en) * 2000-04-26 2008-02-28 Nadia Corlett Vacuum-packaged diaper apparatus and methods
US20060206083A1 (en) * 2000-04-26 2006-09-14 Diaperoos, Llc Set of Compact Absorbent Articles
US20060206082A1 (en) * 2000-04-26 2006-09-14 Diaperoos, Llc Vacuum-Packaging Diaper in Normal Condition
US20060206084A1 (en) * 2000-04-26 2006-09-14 Diaperoos, Llc Portable Set of Compact Absorbent Articles
US20060206081A1 (en) * 2000-04-26 2006-09-14 Diaperoos, Llc Vacuum-Packaging Diaper
US20060206080A1 (en) * 2000-04-26 2006-09-14 Diaperoos, Llc Vacuum-Packaged Absorbent Article
US20060179794A1 (en) * 2000-04-26 2006-08-17 Diaperoos, Llc Carrying vacuum-packaged diaper in pocket on person
US20060206078A1 (en) * 2000-04-26 2006-09-14 Diaperoos, Llc Vacuum-Packaged Diaper
US20060201112A1 (en) * 2000-04-26 2006-09-14 Diaperoos, Llc Reconfiguring and Vacuum-Packaging Diaper
US20080134639A1 (en) * 2000-04-26 2008-06-12 Nadia Corlett Vacuum-packaged diaper apparatus and methods
US20080051754A1 (en) * 2000-04-26 2008-02-28 Nadia Corlett Vacuum-packaged diaper apparatus and methods
US20080051752A1 (en) * 2000-04-26 2008-02-28 Nadia Corlett Vacuum-packaged diaper apparatus and methods
WO2002058746A1 (fr) * 2000-12-28 2002-08-01 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Dispositif et procede de sterilisation d'articles medicaux
WO2002053194A2 (fr) * 2000-12-28 2002-07-11 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Procede de sterilisation d'article medical
EP1475106A3 (fr) * 2000-12-28 2004-12-29 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Procédé et dispositif pour la stérilisation d'objets médicaux
EP1475106A2 (fr) * 2000-12-28 2004-11-10 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Procédé et dispositif pour la stérilisation d'objets médicaux
WO2002053194A3 (fr) * 2000-12-28 2002-09-06 Kimberly Clark Co Procede de sterilisation d'article medical
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2164779A1 (de) 1972-07-20
DE2164779C3 (de) 1981-04-30
BE777451A (fr) 1972-06-29
IT946256B (it) 1973-05-21
DE2164779B2 (de) 1980-07-03
FR2121012A5 (fr) 1972-08-18
NL7117794A (fr) 1972-07-03
GB1383013A (en) 1975-02-05
GB1383014A (en) 1975-02-05
CA953073A (en) 1974-08-20

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