US3716045A - Heat exchanger - Google Patents

Heat exchanger Download PDF

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Publication number
US3716045A
US3716045A US00031928A US3716045DA US3716045A US 3716045 A US3716045 A US 3716045A US 00031928 A US00031928 A US 00031928A US 3716045D A US3716045D A US 3716045DA US 3716045 A US3716045 A US 3716045A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
chamber means
metal bath
chamber
liquid metal
standing liquid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00031928A
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English (en)
Inventor
F Vollhardt
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SIEGENER AG
Original Assignee
SIEGENER AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE19691922647 external-priority patent/DE1922647C/de
Application filed by SIEGENER AG filed Critical SIEGENER AG
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3716045A publication Critical patent/US3716045A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
    • F22B1/02—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers
    • F22B1/06—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being molten; Use of molten metal, e.g. zinc, as heat transfer medium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28C—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT WITHOUT CHEMICAL INTERACTION
    • F28C3/00—Other direct-contact heat-exchange apparatus
    • F28C3/06—Other direct-contact heat-exchange apparatus the heat-exchange media being a liquid and a gas or vapour
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A heat exchanger for cooling hot inert gases in a metal bath while producing steam in two serially arranged chambers each containing a metal bath and heat exchanging surfaces, the arrangement being such that the gases are introduced into the respective metal bath from above and the withdrawal of the gases from said chambers is effected above the level of the metal bath while the heat absorbing medium flows through the chambers in counter-current flow to the gases, and the exchanger surfaces are so designed that the metal bath temperature in the serially first chamber is the highest.
  • the present invention relates to a heat exchanger for cooling hot inert gases in a metal bath while producing steam in two serially arranged chambers respectively receiving a metal bath with heat exchanger surfaces (preheater, evaporator, superheater). It is known to employ liquid metal as intermediate carrier between a heating medium and a working medium, for instance water or steam. For generating steam, it is known to carry out the transfer of the heat content of a hot inert gas, for instance a gas for cooling a nuclear reactor, to a liquid metal in two serially arranged chambers respectively receiving a metal bath with heat exchanger surfaces, such as preheater, evaporator and superheater.
  • the metal is circulated in the individual chambers while employing the Mammut pump principle (secondary air lifting means).
  • the said Mammut pump principle is based on the following physical behavior. Compressed air or compressed gas is in a riser mixed with the liquid to be conveyed and thereby reduces the specific weight of the liquid so that the latter will rise in view of the effect exerted by the outer atmospheric pressure acting upon the level of the liquid.
  • the employment ofthe Mammut pump principle will with metal baths always result in a circulation and conveying of the liquid metal (see German Auslegeschrift No. l,20l,856).
  • the heat exchanger according to the present invention is characterized primarily in that the gases are introduced into the metal bath of the individual chambers from above while the withdrawal of the gas above the level of the metalbath is effected in each chamber and while the heat absorbing medium passes in counter flow to the gases through the chambers, the heat exchanger surfaces being so designed that the temperature of the metal bath of the first chamber adjacent the gas is the highest temperature.
  • the present invention differs in its operation from heretofore known heat exchangers with liquid metal as exchanging medium in that according to the invention the liquid metal is not circulated and the heat transfer is not effected by a heat transport.
  • the liquid metal is at rest and the heat transfer is effected by heat conduction within the liquid metal.
  • An equalization of the quantity of metal in both chambers may be effected by means of the .above mentioned connecting line and the control valve.
  • advantage may be taken of the difference in the level of the baths in both chambers.
  • the two chambers are arranged in a common tank which is separated by a partition into which the end of the immersion pipes is inserted.
  • the chamber which receives the superheater pipes may be insulated by a special insulating lining.
  • the two chambers may be followed by a third chamber containing a metal of a lower melting point than that of the metal in the two preceding chambers.
  • a preheating of the feed water may be effected in the metal bath with the lower melting temperature;
  • FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic view showing features in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 isa diagrammatic view showing a modified embodiment of the present invention.
  • the heat exchanger illustrated therein comprises a horizontally arranged boiler 1 one end portion of which is provided with an inner insulating layer 2.
  • This insulating layer 2 together with a partition 3 defines the chamber I.
  • a feeding pipe 4 extends into the chamber I for the hot gas which at a temperature of approximately from 800 to 900C flows in the direction of the arrow A:
  • This hot gas represents the heat releasing medium.
  • the lower end 40 of the pipe 4 extends into the vicinity of the bottom 5 or the lining thereof while the lower section of the pipe 4 is surrounded by superheater pipes 6.
  • the superheater pipes 6 are through headers 9, 10 in communication with corresponding feeding and withdrawing pipesll, 12 for the saturated steam and the superheated steam respectively.
  • the second chamber II which is separated from the chamber I by a wall or partition 3 does not require a lining and comprises the immersion pipes l3, 14 which through a common immersion line 15 are in communication with each other.
  • the pipe 15 ends in the wall 3 so that the gas which is above the metal bath 8 can pass through conduit 15 to the immersion pipes l3, 14.
  • the lower end 13a, 14a of the pipes 13, 14 is again located slightly above the bottom 15 of the chamber II while the lower section of the pipes l3, 14 is surrounded by evaporator pipes 16.
  • the lower ends 13a, 14a of the pipes l3, l4 and the pipe 16 are so arranged that these parts will during the operation of the heat exchanger be located below the level 17 of the metal bath 18 in chamber 11.
  • connection 19 may be followed by a conduit with a feed water preheater, and there may furthermore be provided in this conduit a blower or compressor which produces the necessary pressure for the gas which is pressed through the heat source in which the inert gas is heated again to a temperature of from 800 to 900C and is also pressed through the metal baths 8, 18 of the heat exchanger.
  • the headers 20, 21 of the evaporator pipe 16 communicate with the feeding and discharge lines 22, 23
  • the two chambers I and II are in communication by means of a connecting line 24 adjacent the bottoms 5, of the twochambers.
  • This connecting line 24 has interposed therein a control valve 25.
  • the illustrated heat exchanger with, for instance, a bath of lead or a bath ofa lead compound may which may have a lower melting temperature than lead, for instance, tin.
  • fission or synthesis gas or helium may be employed which are heated directly or indirectly in a nuclear reactor or fission furnace.
  • a container or vessel consists of three chambers III, IV, and V, whereby the chamber III is partially filled with a lead bath and both chambers IV and V are partially filled each with a lead bath 3] and 32.
  • a supply tubing 33 projects into the chamber III; the tubing lower end dips into the lead bath 30 in which on the other hand the overheating tube means 34 is provided.
  • the supplied gas has bubbled through the bath by way of the supply tubing 33, the same reaches the chamber IV in the direction of arrow 35 in the dip conduit 36 of which the lower end emanates in the bath 31.
  • the gas bubbles again through this bath and reaches the dip conduit 37 of the chamber V where the lower end of the dip tubing 37 dips into the bath 32.
  • the tube means 38 which form the exchange surfaces and by way of which the heat-receiving medium for instance water, respectively water vapor is supplied.
  • tube means 38 proceed into the exchanger tubes 39 of that these parts collect in the chamber V.
  • a heat exchanger which guarantees a sufficient heat transfer for cooling hot inert gases passing through tubing in a standing liquid metal bath while producing steam, which includes: container means having at least first chamber means wherein temperature is higher and separate second chamber means, a standing liquid metal bath received and contained in each of said first and second chamber means, first conduit means leading -into said first chamber means near the bottom thereof for conveying hot gases into the standing liquid metal bath in said first chamber means, second conduit means extending from above into and through the lower portion of said first chamber means for conveying saturated steam into and discharging superheated steam from said second conduit means, immersion pipe means leading from the upper portion of said first chamber means to said second chamber means near the bottom thereof for conveying hot gas above the standing liquid metal bath in said first chamber means into the standing liquid metal both in said second chamber means, evaporator pipe feeding and discharge lines extending in part through the standing liquid metal bath in said second chamber means, and discharge conduit means communicating with the upper portion of said second chamber means for withdrawing therefrom inert gas cooled relative to
  • a heat exchanger which includes equalizing means communicating with a bottom portion in said first chamber means and a bottom portion in said second chamber means for equalizing the level of the metal baths in said first and second chamber means respectively.
  • a heat exchanger according to claim 2, in which said equalizing means includes conduit means interconnecting said first and second chamber means and check valve means interposed in said last mentioned conduit means.
  • a heat exchanger which includes tank means common to and containing said first and second chamber means, and partition means separating said first and second chamber means from each other.
  • a heat exchanger which includes another metal bath, third chamber means following said second chamber means for receiving the further metal bath having a lower melting point than the metal baths to be received in said first and secon chamber means.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
US00031928A 1969-05-03 1970-04-27 Heat exchanger Expired - Lifetime US3716045A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19691922647 DE1922647C (de) 1969-05-03 Wärmeaustauscher zur Kühlung heißer inerter Gase in einem Metallbad unter Er zeugung von Dampf

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3716045A true US3716045A (en) 1973-02-13

Family

ID=5733174

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00031928A Expired - Lifetime US3716045A (en) 1969-05-03 1970-04-27 Heat exchanger

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US3716045A (OSRAM)
JP (1) JPS5022267B1 (OSRAM)
GB (1) GB1299115A (OSRAM)
SU (1) SU396884A3 (OSRAM)

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3870033A (en) * 1973-11-30 1975-03-11 Aqua Media Ultra pure water process and apparatus
US4484566A (en) * 1982-03-08 1984-11-27 Emmanuel Gonzalez Solar collector panel and heat storage system
US4719878A (en) * 1985-07-17 1988-01-19 Gaz De France Installation for heating liquids at different temperature levels
WO2000069561A1 (en) * 1999-05-14 2000-11-23 Hitachi Chemical Research Center, Inc. Liquid metal-heating apparatus for biological/chemical sample
US20070175618A1 (en) * 2006-01-31 2007-08-02 Key Ronald D Process and apparatus for sythesis gas heat exchange system
US20100175689A1 (en) * 2009-01-13 2010-07-15 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Catalyzed hot gas heating system for pipes
US20100175687A1 (en) * 2009-01-13 2010-07-15 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Catalyzed hot gas heating system for concentrated solar power generation systems
ITMI20110817A1 (it) * 2011-05-11 2012-11-12 Eni Sp A "sistema di scambio termico"
US20130233510A1 (en) * 2012-03-09 2013-09-12 Ics Group Inc. Liquid heating system
US8828107B2 (en) 2006-01-31 2014-09-09 Linde Process Plants, Inc. Process and apparatus for synthesis gas heat exchange system
US20170010044A1 (en) * 2013-12-11 2017-01-12 Starklab Device for producing a stream of air through a volume of liquid
US10946326B2 (en) * 2014-11-06 2021-03-16 Starklab Device for producing and treating a gas stream through a volume of liquid, and facility and method implementing said device

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5465868A (en) * 1977-11-05 1979-05-26 Ebara Corp Drying method and device of animal matter raw material
JPS5539497U (OSRAM) * 1978-09-07 1980-03-13

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1869340A (en) * 1929-12-17 1932-07-26 Standard Oil Dev Co Method and apparatus for heat transfer
US2647370A (en) * 1950-01-31 1953-08-04 Jefferson Lake Sulphur Co Water heating system
GB719932A (en) * 1949-02-11 1954-12-08 Organico Soc Improvements in and relating to apparatus for the heat treatment of material
US2878644A (en) * 1956-05-01 1959-03-24 Experiment Inc Sonic velocity submerged combustion burner
US3299947A (en) * 1963-05-14 1967-01-24 Siderurgie Fse Inst Rech Heat transfer apparatus
US3512577A (en) * 1967-12-13 1970-05-19 Alfa Laval Ab Method and apparatus for intergas heat exchange

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1869340A (en) * 1929-12-17 1932-07-26 Standard Oil Dev Co Method and apparatus for heat transfer
GB719932A (en) * 1949-02-11 1954-12-08 Organico Soc Improvements in and relating to apparatus for the heat treatment of material
US2647370A (en) * 1950-01-31 1953-08-04 Jefferson Lake Sulphur Co Water heating system
US2878644A (en) * 1956-05-01 1959-03-24 Experiment Inc Sonic velocity submerged combustion burner
US3299947A (en) * 1963-05-14 1967-01-24 Siderurgie Fse Inst Rech Heat transfer apparatus
US3512577A (en) * 1967-12-13 1970-05-19 Alfa Laval Ab Method and apparatus for intergas heat exchange

Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3870033A (en) * 1973-11-30 1975-03-11 Aqua Media Ultra pure water process and apparatus
US4484566A (en) * 1982-03-08 1984-11-27 Emmanuel Gonzalez Solar collector panel and heat storage system
US4719878A (en) * 1985-07-17 1988-01-19 Gaz De France Installation for heating liquids at different temperature levels
WO2000069561A1 (en) * 1999-05-14 2000-11-23 Hitachi Chemical Research Center, Inc. Liquid metal-heating apparatus for biological/chemical sample
US6533255B1 (en) 1999-05-14 2003-03-18 Hitachi Chemical Research Center, Inc. Liquid metal-heating apparatus for biological/chemical sample
US8828107B2 (en) 2006-01-31 2014-09-09 Linde Process Plants, Inc. Process and apparatus for synthesis gas heat exchange system
US20070175618A1 (en) * 2006-01-31 2007-08-02 Key Ronald D Process and apparatus for sythesis gas heat exchange system
US7871449B2 (en) * 2006-01-31 2011-01-18 Linde Process Plants, Inc. Process and apparatus for synthesis gas heat exchange system
US20100175689A1 (en) * 2009-01-13 2010-07-15 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Catalyzed hot gas heating system for pipes
US20100175687A1 (en) * 2009-01-13 2010-07-15 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Catalyzed hot gas heating system for concentrated solar power generation systems
US7987844B2 (en) * 2009-01-13 2011-08-02 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Catalyzed hot gas heating system for concentrated solar power generation systems
US8925543B2 (en) * 2009-01-13 2015-01-06 Aerojet Rocketdyne Of De, Inc. Catalyzed hot gas heating system for pipes
ITMI20110817A1 (it) * 2011-05-11 2012-11-12 Eni Sp A "sistema di scambio termico"
WO2012152548A1 (en) * 2011-05-11 2012-11-15 Eni S.P.A. Heat exchange system
US9568251B2 (en) 2011-05-11 2017-02-14 Eni S.P.A. Heat exchange system
US20130233510A1 (en) * 2012-03-09 2013-09-12 Ics Group Inc. Liquid heating system
US20170010044A1 (en) * 2013-12-11 2017-01-12 Starklab Device for producing a stream of air through a volume of liquid
US11035614B2 (en) * 2013-12-11 2021-06-15 Starklab Device for producing a stream of air through a volume of liquid
US10946326B2 (en) * 2014-11-06 2021-03-16 Starklab Device for producing and treating a gas stream through a volume of liquid, and facility and method implementing said device
US11452965B2 (en) 2014-11-06 2022-09-27 Starklab Device for producing and treating a gas stream through a volume of liquid, and facility and method implementing said device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS5022267B1 (OSRAM) 1975-07-29
DE1922647B1 (de) 1970-10-22
SU396884A3 (OSRAM) 1973-08-29
GB1299115A (en) 1972-12-06

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