US3715701A - Non-linear resistance element - Google Patents

Non-linear resistance element Download PDF

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Publication number
US3715701A
US3715701A US00116922A US3715701DA US3715701A US 3715701 A US3715701 A US 3715701A US 00116922 A US00116922 A US 00116922A US 3715701D A US3715701D A US 3715701DA US 3715701 A US3715701 A US 3715701A
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United States
Prior art keywords
mol
oxide
resistance element
ceramic
linear resistance
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00116922A
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English (en)
Inventor
J Yperman
J Rapaille
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US Philips Corp
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US Philips Corp
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/46—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on titanium oxides or titanates
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
    • H01C7/10—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material voltage responsive, i.e. varistors
    • H01C7/105—Varistor cores
    • H01C7/108—Metal oxide
    • H01C7/115—Titanium dioxide- or titanate type

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a non-linear resistance element having a large voltage dependence of the resistance and in which the resistance body comprises sintered ceramic ferroelectric material. Such nonlinear resistance elements are sometimes referred to as varistors.
  • V represents the voltage across the resistor in Volts
  • 1 represents the current through the resistor in amperes
  • B represents a number smaller than 1.
  • varistors are manufactured by sintering fine particles of silicon carbide and a ceramic binder and/or a conducting material, for example, graphite.
  • Varistors thus manufactured with a conducting binder have a comparatively small electric resistance, that is to say, a relatively small value for C and a relatively large value for B.
  • Varistors manufactured from silicon carbide and a non-conducting binder have a comparatively large electric resistance, that is to say, a relatively large value for C and a relatively small value for B. In both cases the value of B lie between 0.15 and 0.30 in practice.
  • B In known silicon carbide varistors, the value of B is often dependent on V; at comparatively low values of V, B is larger than at comparatively high values of V. This has drawbacks for certain applications inter alia, for voltage stabilization, rendering small motor free from interference (limitation of the over-voltage) and protection of collectors in small motors (tape recorders, record players).
  • Theobject of the present invention is to provide a varistor in which the value of B is not dependentor is only dependent to aslight extenton the value of V.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide a varistor whose values of B are small also at low values of C. Such a varistor is particularly suitable for the said applications.
  • the invention relates to a non-linear resistance element whose ceramic resistance body provided with electrodes is a ceramic body mainly consisting of semiconducting titanium oxide and is characterized in that the ceramic body contains per mol of titanium oxide, 0005-01 and preferably 0.03-0.05 mol of bismuth oxide and 0.00l-0.05 and preferably0.004-0.0l mol of antimony oxide.
  • Resistance bodies for non-linear resistance elements may be manufactured, for example, in the following manner.
  • a mixture of TiO Bip and sb,o,, or. of compounds which change into I these oxides upon heating, is homogeneized by wet ample 20 percent of chromium, on the surfaces of the body on which the electrodes are to be provided and subsequently by vapor depositing likewise in vacuo on this layer a layer of solderable metal, for example, silver.
  • varistors according to the invention can be improved in some respects (lowB -values), by incorporating lead oxide (Pb0 or PbO) or an oxide of barium, strontium or calcium in the ceramic resistance body up to a quantity of 0.1 mol of these oxides per 1 mol of titanium oxide (TiO Resistance bodies according to the invention containing PbO BaO, SrO or CaO may be manufactured in accordance with the above-mentioned method. The desired quantity of one or more of these oxides or of compounds which change into these oxides upon heating are added to the starting mixture containing TiO Bi O and Sb,0
  • the following table shows data of different Examples of non-linear resistance elements according to the invention.
  • the columns 1, 2, 3, and 4 state the quantities of oxides contained in the resistance body in addition to Tio The quantities of these oxides are stated in mol per mol of Ti0
  • the resistance body according to Example I thus contains 0.005 mol of Sb O and 0.05 mol of 131 0, per mol of TiO,.
  • Columns 5 and 6 show the sintering temperature (in C) and sintering period (in minutes), respectively.
  • Columns 7 and 8 show the voltage V (in Volts) at which a current of 1 mA is reached and the associated value of B respectively.
  • Column 9 shows the numbers of the examples.
  • V 5 ment consists of a cylindrical ceramic resistance body 1 7 whose end-faces 2 and 3 are provided with electrodes 4 and 5 by vapor depositing in vacuo successively a layer of chrome-nickel alloy and a layer of silver.
  • Supply wires 8 and 9 are provided by means of solder 6 and 7.
  • a non-linear resistance element whose ceramic resistance body provided with electrodes is a ceramic body mainly consisting of semiconducting titanium oxide, wherein the ceramic body contains per mol of titanium oxide 0.005-0.1 mol of bismuth oxide and 0.0010.05 mol of antimony oxide.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)
US00116922A 1970-03-05 1971-02-19 Non-linear resistance element Expired - Lifetime US3715701A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL7003118.A NL162232C (nl) 1970-03-05 1970-03-05 Niet-lineair weerstandselement.

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3715701A true US3715701A (en) 1973-02-06

Family

ID=19809496

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00116922A Expired - Lifetime US3715701A (en) 1970-03-05 1971-02-19 Non-linear resistance element

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US3715701A (enExample)
JP (1) JPS52235B1 (enExample)
BE (1) BE763755A (enExample)
DE (1) DE2106498C3 (enExample)
FR (1) FR2084239A5 (enExample)
GB (1) GB1279947A (enExample)
NL (1) NL162232C (enExample)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3856567A (en) * 1972-08-04 1974-12-24 J Pitha Electrode for porous ceramic and method of making same
US3953375A (en) * 1973-02-09 1976-04-27 Hitachi, Ltd. Non-linear voltage titanium oxide resistance element
DE2932212A1 (de) * 1978-08-08 1980-02-21 Tdk Electronics Co Ltd Nichtlineares widerstandselement, verfahren zur herstellung desselben und damit ausgeruesteter entstoerer
DE3004736A1 (de) * 1979-02-09 1980-08-21 Tdk Electronics Co Ltd Nicht-lineare widerstandselemente und verfahren zu deren herstellung
US4430255A (en) 1980-04-25 1984-02-07 Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated Non-ohmic device using TiO2

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2885521A (en) * 1957-02-11 1959-05-05 Horizons Inc Non-linear electric resistor
US3299332A (en) * 1961-07-10 1967-01-17 Murata Manufacturing Co Semiconductive capacitor and the method of manufacturing the same
GB1209947A (en) * 1966-12-07 1970-10-21 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd Semiconductive elements

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3856567A (en) * 1972-08-04 1974-12-24 J Pitha Electrode for porous ceramic and method of making same
US3953375A (en) * 1973-02-09 1976-04-27 Hitachi, Ltd. Non-linear voltage titanium oxide resistance element
DE2932212A1 (de) * 1978-08-08 1980-02-21 Tdk Electronics Co Ltd Nichtlineares widerstandselement, verfahren zur herstellung desselben und damit ausgeruesteter entstoerer
US4306214A (en) * 1978-08-08 1981-12-15 Tdk Electronics Co., Ltd. Non-linear resistance element, method for preparing same and noise suppressor therewith
DE3004736A1 (de) * 1979-02-09 1980-08-21 Tdk Electronics Co Ltd Nicht-lineare widerstandselemente und verfahren zu deren herstellung
DE3050770C2 (de) * 1979-02-09 1987-03-19 TDK Corporation, Tokio/Tokyo Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Varistors
US4430255A (en) 1980-04-25 1984-02-07 Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated Non-ohmic device using TiO2

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2106498C3 (de) 1981-09-17
JPS52235B1 (enExample) 1977-01-06
NL162232B (nl) 1979-11-15
DE2106498A1 (de) 1971-09-16
NL162232C (nl) 1980-04-15
FR2084239A5 (enExample) 1971-12-17
GB1279947A (en) 1972-06-28
NL7003118A (enExample) 1971-09-07
BE763755A (fr) 1971-09-03
DE2106498B2 (de) 1980-12-11

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