US3714989A - Flush type sprinkler - Google Patents
Flush type sprinkler Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3714989A US3714989A US00150474A US3714989DA US3714989A US 3714989 A US3714989 A US 3714989A US 00150474 A US00150474 A US 00150474A US 3714989D A US3714989D A US 3714989DA US 3714989 A US3714989 A US 3714989A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- plate
- sprinkler
- ceiling
- heat
- strut
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C35/00—Permanently-installed equipment
- A62C35/58—Pipe-line systems
- A62C35/60—Pipe-line systems wet, i.e. containing extinguishing material even when not in use
- A62C35/605—Pipe-line systems wet, i.e. containing extinguishing material even when not in use operating and sounding alarm automatically
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C37/00—Control of fire-fighting equipment
- A62C37/08—Control of fire-fighting equipment comprising an outlet device containing a sensor, or itself being the sensor, i.e. self-contained sprinklers
- A62C37/09—Control of fire-fighting equipment comprising an outlet device containing a sensor, or itself being the sensor, i.e. self-contained sprinklers telescopic or adjustable
Definitions
- a sprinkler is provided mounted flush in a ceiling and has an overlapping outer escutcheon plate releasably held in place by resilient upwardly extending members connected to the escutcheon plate by heat responsive elements.
- the escutcheon plate is normally secured in covering relation to the sprinkler which has a strut containing a heat responsive element with a different selected heat release temperature. Heat sensing fins in contact with the escutcheon plate are movable downwardly below the ceiling line to an exposed position upon release of the plate and thereby increase the sensitivity of the strut heat responsive element.
- This invention relates to sprinklers and more particularly to sprinklers that are flush mounted in a ceiling and discharge when predetermined temperatures are attained.
- a sprinkler having a sprinkler valve disposed above the level of a ceiling, the valve being retained in closed position by a strut and lever, the strut being releasable at a predetermined temperature.
- the strut is provided with heat sensing fins which are normally held in a horizontal position by an escutcheon plate which covers the valve and its release mechanism.
- the escutcheon plate is held in place by resilient members that are attached to clips on the escutcheon plate, the clips being held to the plate by an eutetic alloy, and the resilient members are attached to a plate on the sprinkler valve.
- the heat sensing fins help to transmit heat to the heat responsive element for fast strut release upon their downward movement.
- the valve has a one piece cross head and deflector plate.
- FIG. 1 is a vertical sectional view of a sprinkler in accordance with the invention ready for use when required;
- FIG. 2 is a view partly in vertical section and partly in elevation showing the release of the escutcheon plate and the release of the sprinkler valve;
- FIG. 3 is a view in perspective of the escutcheon plate and its mounting as seen from the interior thereof.
- the sprinkler G includes a body 15 in threaded engagement at its upper end 16 in a water supply fitting 17, which is connected to a supply of water under pressure.
- the body 15 has an internal tapered bore 19 with a seat 20 and rim 21 spaced inwardly from the lower end thereof.
- the body 15 has a transverse flange 22 with a cylindrical frame 23 in threaded engagement therewith and held against unloosening by a plurality of pins 24 in engagement therewith.
- a cover 25 is provided held in place by a press fit and carried on the threaded end 16.
- the flange 22 has a pair of spaced openings '30 therein for the reception of a pair of guide rods 31 which have stop collars 32 at their upper ends to limit the downward movement thereof.
- the rods 31 are carried at their lower ends in a combined cross head and deflector plate 33.
- a profiled compression cone 34 is provided in engagement with the cross head 33, and includes a lower end '35.
- the cone 34 has a spherical upper end 36 which is in bearing engagement with a valve plug 37 and is of a shape selected to obtain a profile that will assist in retaining the valve plug 37 in the body 15.
- the valve plug 37 has a lower rim 38 which engages the rim 21 and a sealing packing '39 such as an O-ring which engages the seat 20 of the body 15 and prevents fluid leakage thereby.
- the lower end 35 of the compression cone 34 has an actuator lever 42 in engagement therewith.
- the lever 42 is supported at one end on a pin 43 carriedin the frame 23 and has its opposite end in engagement with a heat releasable strut 45.
- the strut 45 has a rod portion 46 with a locating col- 3 lar 47.
- the end of the rod portion 46 is supported on an inwardly extending rim 48 on the frame 23.
- the strut 45 at the other end thereof has a cup portion 49 within which an insert 50 is provided of fusible eutectic alloy material, and melting at a predetermined temperature. In a particular embodiment this temperature can be 135 degrees F.
- the insert 50 normally retains a ball 51 in its outward position and bearing on the rim 48, but upon melting permits the ball 51 to move inwardly in the cup portion 49 from its support position to a release position.
- the outer surface of the cup portion 49 has secured thereto metallic ribbon like heat sensing fins 52, which are normally held in substantially horizontal position by an escutcheon plate 53 but the free ends of which can swing downwardly when released.
- the escutcheon plate 53 is of dish shape with a flat central portion 54 and an outer rim 55.
- the escutcheon plate 53 covers the opening 11 in the ceiling and is held firmly against the ceiling 10 by clips 56 which are engaged by springs 57 which at their upper ends are engaged with a spring plate 58 which has a central opening 59 in engagement with the threaded portion 16 of the body 15.
- the clip 56 can have integral upwardly extending spacer arms 56a.
- the clips 56 are secured to the escutcheon plate 53 by a layer of eutectic alloy 60 which, in the particular embodiment illustrated, melts at 117 degrees F.
- the sprinkler G as shown in FIG. 1 is ready and in condition for operation when required.
- the pressure effective from above on the strut due to the Water pressure in bore 19 on plug 37 and cone 34 and therefrom onto the ball 51 causes the ball 51 to move inwardly so that the strut 45 is also urged downwardly by force imparted thereto through the actuator lever 42 by cone lower end 35.
- the strut 4 5 and lever 42 drop and the valve plug 37 is moved outwardly and downwardly by the water pressure thereon.
- the cross and deflector plate 33 and guide rods 31 drop to the extent permitted by the stop collars '32.
- a sprinkler for mounting in a ceiling comprising a body with a frame normally disposed above the lower face of the ceiling,
- said body having a fluid supply connection and a discharge bore
- a cross head member vertically slidably mounted with respect to said body and including a deflector plate for diverting water discharged from said discharge bore
- cover means comprising a plate disposed on the lower face of the ceiling in covering relation to said frame, a plurality of mounting clips on said plate, and
- releasable means for holding said cover plate in position and including resilient tension members engaged with said clips and with said frame normally urging said cover plate in an upward direction.
- a sprinkler for mounting in a ceiling comprising a body with a frame normally disposed above the lower face of the ceiling,
- said body having a fluid supply connection and a discharge bore
- a cross head member vertically slidably mounted with respect to said body and including a deflector plate for diverting water discharged from said discharge bore
- valve plug retaining means including a profiled compression cone
- cover means disposed on the lower face of the ceiling in covering relation to said frame
- releasable means for holding said cover means in position and including members normally urging said cover in an upward direction.
- a sprinkler for mounting in a ceiling comprising a body with a frame normally disposed above the lower face of the ceiling,
- said body having a fluid supply connection and a discharge bore
- a cross head member vertically slidably mounted with respect to said body and providing a deflector plate for diverting water discharged from said discharge bore
- cover means disposed on the lower face of the ceiling in covering relation to said frame
- releasable means for holding said cover means in position and including members normally urging said cover in an upward direction.
Abstract
HEAT RELEASE TEMPERATURE. HEAT SENSING FINS IN CONTACT WITH THE ESCUTCHEON PLATE ARE MOVABLE DOWNWARDLY BELOW THE CEILING LINE TO AN EXPOSED POSITION UPON RELEASE OF THE PLATE AND THEREBY INCREASE THE SENSITIVITY OF THE STRUT HEAT RESPONSIVE ELEMENT.
Description
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US15047471A | 1971-06-07 | 1971-06-07 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3714989A true US3714989A (en) | 1973-02-06 |
Family
ID=22534691
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US00150474A Expired - Lifetime US3714989A (en) | 1971-06-07 | 1971-06-07 | Flush type sprinkler |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3714989A (en) |
Cited By (35)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3812915A (en) * | 1973-06-04 | 1974-05-28 | Factory Mutual Res Corp | Discharge head having constant force plug retaining member |
US3971443A (en) * | 1974-08-22 | 1976-07-27 | Factory Mutual Research Corporation | Discharge head having dual function plug retaining member |
US3998273A (en) * | 1976-03-05 | 1976-12-21 | The Reliable Automatic Sprinkler Company, Inc. | Apparatus for use with a fire safety device |
US4014388A (en) * | 1976-06-21 | 1977-03-29 | Central Sprinkler Corporation | Concealed sprinkler assembly |
US4105076A (en) * | 1976-11-22 | 1978-08-08 | Grunau Company Inc. | Concealed sprinkler head |
DE2703403A1 (en) * | 1977-01-27 | 1978-08-10 | Preussag Ag Feuerschutz | Ceiling rosette for sprinkler head - has height compensating spring between ceiling hole cover plate and pipe connection cover |
US4109727A (en) * | 1975-09-06 | 1978-08-29 | Job Eduard J | Dual-seal sprinkler system |
US4124077A (en) * | 1977-05-16 | 1978-11-07 | Thomas J. Masano | Sprinkler head with wall penetrating means |
US4139062A (en) * | 1975-10-27 | 1979-02-13 | Rago John J | Telescopic automatic fire extinguisher |
US4491182A (en) * | 1983-01-05 | 1985-01-01 | Central Sprinkler Corporation | Automatic sprinkler |
US4508175A (en) * | 1982-11-10 | 1985-04-02 | Central Sprinkler Corporation | Flush pendant or flush horizontal automatic sprinkler head |
US4646846A (en) * | 1983-09-27 | 1987-03-03 | Wormald International Ltd. | Sprinkler head housing |
US4660648A (en) * | 1984-06-07 | 1987-04-28 | Senju Metal Industry Co., Ltd. | Flush type sprinkler head |
US4880063A (en) * | 1987-04-13 | 1989-11-14 | The Reliable Automatic Sprinkler Co., Inc. | Adjustable concealed sprinkler |
US4926946A (en) * | 1988-11-08 | 1990-05-22 | Central Sprinkler Corporation | Pendent style sprinkler with cover |
US4938292A (en) * | 1989-02-28 | 1990-07-03 | U.S. Fire Control Corporation | Flush mounted fire sprinkler head |
US5080176A (en) * | 1989-05-25 | 1992-01-14 | Central Sprinkler Corporation | Directly mounted pendent-style sprinklers and covers |
US5094298A (en) * | 1989-12-12 | 1992-03-10 | Central Sprinkler Corporation | Fire sprinkler apparatus |
WO1993000962A1 (en) * | 1991-07-12 | 1993-01-21 | Sundholm Goeran | Fire-fighting equipment |
US5664630A (en) * | 1991-09-30 | 1997-09-09 | Meyer; George G. | Extended coverage ceiling sprinklers and systems |
WO2002007824A1 (en) * | 2000-07-20 | 2002-01-31 | The Reliable Automatic Sprinkler Co., Inc. | Large orifice esfr sprinkler arrangement |
US6367559B1 (en) * | 1998-12-29 | 2002-04-09 | The Viking Corporation | Double-blade deflector for side wall sprinkler |
US6502643B1 (en) | 1997-03-07 | 2003-01-07 | Central Sprinkler Company | Low pressure, early suppression fast response sprinklers |
US6554077B2 (en) | 2001-04-12 | 2003-04-29 | The Reliable Automatic Sprinkler Co., Inc. | Quick response adjustable automatic sprinkler arrangements |
US20060102362A1 (en) * | 2004-10-26 | 2006-05-18 | The Reliable Automatic Sprinkler Co., Inc. | Concealed pendent fire protection sprinkler with drop-down deflector |
EP1888183A2 (en) * | 2005-06-03 | 2008-02-20 | Tyco Fire Products LP | Residential flat plate concealed sprinkler |
WO2008067421A3 (en) * | 2006-11-28 | 2008-11-20 | Tyco Fire Products Lp | Concealed sprinkler |
US20090056958A1 (en) * | 2007-08-30 | 2009-03-05 | Polan George S | Concealed pendent fire protection sprinkler with drop-down deflector |
US20090139735A1 (en) * | 2007-11-30 | 2009-06-04 | The Viking Corporation | Adjustable Escutcheon Assembly For A Sprinkler |
US20100236797A1 (en) * | 2009-03-17 | 2010-09-23 | The Viking Corporation | Concealed residential sprinkler |
US20110030977A1 (en) * | 2004-10-26 | 2011-02-10 | The Reliable Automatic Sprinkler Co., Inc. | Concealed horizontal sidewall sprinkler |
US20110180277A1 (en) * | 2004-10-26 | 2011-07-28 | The Reliable Automatic Sprinkler Co., Inc. | Lodgment prevention arrangements for fire sprinklers |
US20150136432A1 (en) * | 2013-11-19 | 2015-05-21 | Protector Safety Ind., Ltd. | Fire sprinkler with improved protective shell |
US20150283414A1 (en) * | 2013-11-19 | 2015-10-08 | Protector Safety Ind., Ltd. | Concealed sprinkler head cover adjusting device |
AU2014201946B2 (en) * | 2006-11-28 | 2016-05-12 | Tyco Fire Products Lp | Concealed sprinkler |
-
1971
- 1971-06-07 US US00150474A patent/US3714989A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (62)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3812915A (en) * | 1973-06-04 | 1974-05-28 | Factory Mutual Res Corp | Discharge head having constant force plug retaining member |
US3971443A (en) * | 1974-08-22 | 1976-07-27 | Factory Mutual Research Corporation | Discharge head having dual function plug retaining member |
US4109727A (en) * | 1975-09-06 | 1978-08-29 | Job Eduard J | Dual-seal sprinkler system |
US4139062A (en) * | 1975-10-27 | 1979-02-13 | Rago John J | Telescopic automatic fire extinguisher |
US3998273A (en) * | 1976-03-05 | 1976-12-21 | The Reliable Automatic Sprinkler Company, Inc. | Apparatus for use with a fire safety device |
US4014388A (en) * | 1976-06-21 | 1977-03-29 | Central Sprinkler Corporation | Concealed sprinkler assembly |
US4105076A (en) * | 1976-11-22 | 1978-08-08 | Grunau Company Inc. | Concealed sprinkler head |
DE2703403A1 (en) * | 1977-01-27 | 1978-08-10 | Preussag Ag Feuerschutz | Ceiling rosette for sprinkler head - has height compensating spring between ceiling hole cover plate and pipe connection cover |
US4124077A (en) * | 1977-05-16 | 1978-11-07 | Thomas J. Masano | Sprinkler head with wall penetrating means |
US4508175A (en) * | 1982-11-10 | 1985-04-02 | Central Sprinkler Corporation | Flush pendant or flush horizontal automatic sprinkler head |
US4491182A (en) * | 1983-01-05 | 1985-01-01 | Central Sprinkler Corporation | Automatic sprinkler |
US4646846A (en) * | 1983-09-27 | 1987-03-03 | Wormald International Ltd. | Sprinkler head housing |
US4660648A (en) * | 1984-06-07 | 1987-04-28 | Senju Metal Industry Co., Ltd. | Flush type sprinkler head |
US4880063A (en) * | 1987-04-13 | 1989-11-14 | The Reliable Automatic Sprinkler Co., Inc. | Adjustable concealed sprinkler |
US4926946A (en) * | 1988-11-08 | 1990-05-22 | Central Sprinkler Corporation | Pendent style sprinkler with cover |
US4938292A (en) * | 1989-02-28 | 1990-07-03 | U.S. Fire Control Corporation | Flush mounted fire sprinkler head |
US5080176A (en) * | 1989-05-25 | 1992-01-14 | Central Sprinkler Corporation | Directly mounted pendent-style sprinklers and covers |
US5094298A (en) * | 1989-12-12 | 1992-03-10 | Central Sprinkler Corporation | Fire sprinkler apparatus |
WO1993000962A1 (en) * | 1991-07-12 | 1993-01-21 | Sundholm Goeran | Fire-fighting equipment |
US5501282A (en) * | 1991-07-12 | 1996-03-26 | Sundholm; Goeran | Fire-fighting equipment |
US5664630A (en) * | 1991-09-30 | 1997-09-09 | Meyer; George G. | Extended coverage ceiling sprinklers and systems |
US6502643B1 (en) | 1997-03-07 | 2003-01-07 | Central Sprinkler Company | Low pressure, early suppression fast response sprinklers |
US6868917B2 (en) | 1997-03-07 | 2005-03-22 | Central Sprinkler Company | Low pressure, early suppression fast response sprinklers |
US6367559B1 (en) * | 1998-12-29 | 2002-04-09 | The Viking Corporation | Double-blade deflector for side wall sprinkler |
US6520265B2 (en) | 1998-12-29 | 2003-02-18 | The Viking Corporation | Double-blade deflector for side wall sprinkler |
WO2002007824A1 (en) * | 2000-07-20 | 2002-01-31 | The Reliable Automatic Sprinkler Co., Inc. | Large orifice esfr sprinkler arrangement |
GB2369296A (en) * | 2000-07-20 | 2002-05-29 | Reliable Auto Sprinkler Co | Large orifice esfr sprinkler arrangement |
US6450265B1 (en) * | 2000-07-20 | 2002-09-17 | The Reliable Automatic Sprinker Co., Inc. | Large orifice ESFR sprinkler arrangement |
US6554077B2 (en) | 2001-04-12 | 2003-04-29 | The Reliable Automatic Sprinkler Co., Inc. | Quick response adjustable automatic sprinkler arrangements |
US7275603B2 (en) * | 2004-10-26 | 2007-10-02 | The Reliable Automatic Sprinkler Co., Inc. | Concealed pendent fire protection sprinkler with drop-down deflector |
US20110180277A1 (en) * | 2004-10-26 | 2011-07-28 | The Reliable Automatic Sprinkler Co., Inc. | Lodgment prevention arrangements for fire sprinklers |
US9248327B2 (en) | 2004-10-26 | 2016-02-02 | The Reliable Automatic Sprinkler Company | Concealed horizontal sidewall sprinkler |
US8776903B2 (en) | 2004-10-26 | 2014-07-15 | The Reliable Automatic Sprinkler Co., Inc. | Lodgment prevention arrangements for fire sprinklers |
US20060102362A1 (en) * | 2004-10-26 | 2006-05-18 | The Reliable Automatic Sprinkler Co., Inc. | Concealed pendent fire protection sprinkler with drop-down deflector |
US8573316B2 (en) | 2004-10-26 | 2013-11-05 | The Reliable Automatic Sprinkler Co., Inc. | Concealed horizontal sidewall sprinkler |
US20110030977A1 (en) * | 2004-10-26 | 2011-02-10 | The Reliable Automatic Sprinkler Co., Inc. | Concealed horizontal sidewall sprinkler |
EP1888183A2 (en) * | 2005-06-03 | 2008-02-20 | Tyco Fire Products LP | Residential flat plate concealed sprinkler |
US20090126950A1 (en) * | 2005-06-03 | 2009-05-21 | Tyco Fire Products Lp | Residential Flat Plate Concealed Sprinkler |
EP1888183A4 (en) * | 2005-06-03 | 2009-07-01 | Tyco Fire Products Lp | Residential flat plate concealed sprinkler |
US8353356B2 (en) * | 2005-06-03 | 2013-01-15 | Tyco Fire Products Lp | Residential flat plate concealed sprinkler |
US8646539B2 (en) | 2006-11-28 | 2014-02-11 | Tyco Fire Products Lp | Concealed sprinkler |
US9931528B2 (en) | 2006-11-28 | 2018-04-03 | Tyco Fire Products Lp | Concealed sprinkler |
US20100263883A1 (en) * | 2006-11-28 | 2010-10-21 | Tyco Fire Products Lp | Concealed sprinkler |
USRE49231E1 (en) | 2006-11-28 | 2022-10-04 | Tyco Fire Products Lp | Concealed sprinkler |
EP2083927B1 (en) * | 2006-11-28 | 2019-08-14 | Tyco Fire Products LP | Concealed sprinkler |
AU2007325151B2 (en) * | 2006-11-28 | 2014-01-16 | Tyco Fire Products Lp | Concealed sprinkler |
US9974989B2 (en) | 2006-11-28 | 2018-05-22 | Tyco Fire Products Lp | Concealed sprinkler |
RU2452543C2 (en) * | 2006-11-28 | 2012-06-10 | Тайко Файэр Продактс Лп | Hidden-type sprinkler |
AU2014201946B2 (en) * | 2006-11-28 | 2016-05-12 | Tyco Fire Products Lp | Concealed sprinkler |
CN105435405A (en) * | 2006-11-28 | 2016-03-30 | 泰科消防产品有限责任公司 | Concealed sprinkler |
WO2008067421A3 (en) * | 2006-11-28 | 2008-11-20 | Tyco Fire Products Lp | Concealed sprinkler |
US20090056958A1 (en) * | 2007-08-30 | 2009-03-05 | Polan George S | Concealed pendent fire protection sprinkler with drop-down deflector |
US20090139735A1 (en) * | 2007-11-30 | 2009-06-04 | The Viking Corporation | Adjustable Escutcheon Assembly For A Sprinkler |
US8376060B2 (en) * | 2007-11-30 | 2013-02-19 | The Viking Corporation | Adjustable escutcheon assembly for a sprinkler |
US9114267B2 (en) * | 2009-03-17 | 2015-08-25 | The Viking Corporation | Concealed residential sprinkler |
US9943716B2 (en) | 2009-03-17 | 2018-04-17 | The Viking Corporation | Concealed residential sprinkler |
US10039946B2 (en) | 2009-03-17 | 2018-08-07 | The Viking Corporation | Concealed residential sprinkler |
US20100236797A1 (en) * | 2009-03-17 | 2010-09-23 | The Viking Corporation | Concealed residential sprinkler |
US20150283414A1 (en) * | 2013-11-19 | 2015-10-08 | Protector Safety Ind., Ltd. | Concealed sprinkler head cover adjusting device |
US20150136432A1 (en) * | 2013-11-19 | 2015-05-21 | Protector Safety Ind., Ltd. | Fire sprinkler with improved protective shell |
US9821182B2 (en) * | 2013-11-19 | 2017-11-21 | Protector Safety Ind., Ltd. | Concealed sprinkler head cover adjusting device |
US9895563B2 (en) * | 2013-11-19 | 2018-02-20 | Protector Safety Ind., Ltd. | Fire sprinkler with improved protective shell |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: CHEMETRON FIRE SYSTEMS, INC., ROUTE 50 & GOVERNORS Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:CHEMETRON CORPORATION, A DE CORP.;REEL/FRAME:004050/0810 Effective date: 19820928 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: GRUNAU SPRINKLER MANUFACTURING COMPANY, INC., 2205 Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:CHEMETRON FIRE SYSTEMS, INC.;REEL/FRAME:004193/0329 Effective date: 19831109 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: STAR SPRINKLER CORPORATION, WISCONSIN Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:GRUNAU SPRINKLER MANUFACTURING COMPANY, INC.;REEL/FRAME:008013/0405 Effective date: 19810319 Owner name: GRINNELL CORPORATION, RHODE ISLAND Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:STAR SPRINKLER CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:008048/0099 Effective date: 19960411 |