Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D487/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00
  • C07D487/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
  • C07D487/04—Ortho-condensed systems
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D513/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for in groups C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D499/00 - C07D507/00
  • C07D513/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for in groups C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D499/00 - C07D507/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
  • C07D513/04—Ortho-condensed systems
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
  • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
  • G03C5/00—Photographic processes or agents therefor; Regeneration of such processing agents
  • G03C5/26—Processes using silver-salt-containing photosensitive materials or agents therefor
  • G03C5/29—Development processes or agents therefor
  • G03C5/305—Additives other than developers
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
  • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
  • G03C8/00—Diffusion transfer processes or agents therefor; Photosensitive materials for such processes
  • G03C8/02—Photosensitive materials characterised by the image-forming section
  • G03C8/04—Photosensitive materials characterised by the image-forming section the substances transferred by diffusion consisting of inorganic or organo-metallic compounds derived from photosensitive noble metals
  • G03C8/06—Silver salt diffusion transfer

Definitions

• This invention relates to the development of photographic materials containing exposed silver halide in the presence of substances influencing the development.
• onium compounds such as quaternary ammonium, quaternary phosphonium and ternary sulphonium compounds are able to accelerate photographic development by agents which act as doubly or more highly charged negative ions for instance hydroquinone, hydroquinone derivatives, ascorbic acid, etc., whether as an additive to the developer or to the emulsion.
• agents which act as doubly or more highly charged negative ions for instance hydroquinone, hydroquinone derivatives, ascorbic acid, etc., whether as an additive to the developer or to the emulsion.
• the development accelerating eifect of the onium compound is lower than that of the above superadditive developing agents.
• a new class of development accelerators of the quaternary ammonium type with specific redox properties is provided, which a not subject to hydrolysis in alkaline medium, have a high water-solubility and are very effective accelerators of photographic development by doubly or more highly charged negative developer ions as well as by the singly ionized developer anions of hydroxylamine and derivatives thereof.
• novel accelerators of photographic development by negatively charged developing agents are characterized as being diquaternary cyclic ammonium compounds which by the uptake of 1 electron form stable Weitz-radicals.
• Particularly suitable development accelerators according to the present invention are the diquaternary dipyridinium, dithiazolium and diimidazolium salts and the diquaternary pyridiniumthiazolium and pyridinium-imidazolium salts represented by the following general formula:
• each of Z and Z stands for the atoms necessary to complete a pyridinium, thiazolium or imidazolium nucleus optionally carrying fused on aryl nuclei such as benzthiazolium, benzimidazolium and quinolinium and further substituents such as alkyl and aryl
• each of R and R stands for alkyl including substituted alkyl or R together with R may stand for ethylene including substituted ethylene when A is a chemical bond linking the 2-position of Z to the 2-position of Z2, and X'- stands for an anion or acid radical for example halide, p-toluene
• PREPARATION 2 COMPOUND 4 5 g. (0.025 mole) of 1,10-phenanthroline monohydrate and 20 ml. of dibromoethane are refluxed for 1 hour whereupon the precipitate formed is recrystallized from ethanol/water. Yield: 3 g. Melting point: 260 C.
• PREPARATION '4 COMPOUND 6 10.6 g. (0.05 mole) of 2-(2-pyridyl)benzthiazole and 9.4 g. (0.05 mole) of dibromoethane are heated for 48 hours at 130 C. in a sealed tube whereupon the residue is boiled with acetone. Yield: 4 g. Melting point: 260 C.
• a process of making photographic records which comprises treating a photographic material having layers containing developable silver salts with an aqueous alkaline solution in the presence of a negatively charged developing agent and a diquaternary salt as described above.
• the invention also includes developer compositions comprising in addition to a negatively charged developing agent, a diquaternary salt as described.
• diquaternary salts of use according to the present invention may be added to the developing bath or to the emulsion or to both simultaneously, the developing bath being preferred however.
• the accelerating eifect of the compounds according to the invention is not restricted to certain types of negatively charged developing agents. It is apparent with all developing agents the ionized forms of which in alkaline medium carry one or more negative charges. These developing agents including among others hydroquinone, hydroquinone derivatives, ascorbic acid, sodium dithionite addition products of sodium dithionite and formaldehyde, as Well as hydroxylamine and hydroxylarnine derivatives.
• hydroxylamine and derivatives as developing agents has been disclosed among others in U.S. Pat. 2,857,276.
• the oxidation products of these hydroxylamine developing agents have the favourable property of leaving no residual stain in the silver image obtained.
• Hydroxylamine itself is less suitable for use as developing agent because it can give rise to fog but the N,N-dialkylhydroxylamines such as N,N-diethylhydroxylamine and the heterocyclic N-hydroxylamines such as N-hydroxymorpholine, N-hydroxypiperidine and N-hydroxypyrrolidine disclosed in the above U.S. patent are particularly suitable.
• hydroxylamine derivatives that have been proposed for use as silver halide developing agents and of which the development activity is higher than that of the N,N-dialkyl hydroxylamines include for example aminoalkyl hydroxylamines, more especially N,N-dialkylhydroxylamines having in at least one of the N-alkyl groups an intralinear amino nitrogen atom, either cyclic or acyclic, examples of which can be found in U.S. Pat. 3,287,125, alkoxyhydroxylamines, more especially N,N-dialkylhydroxylamines of which at least one of the N-alkyl groups is substituted by alkoxy or alkoxyalkoxy, examples of which can be found in U.S. Pat.
• N,N-dialkylhydroxylamines having in at least one of the N-alkyl groups an intralinear sulphonyl SO group, examples of which can be found-in U.S. Pat. 3,287,124.
• the developing bath may comprise in addition to the anionic developing agent any of the common ingredients employed in developing compositions, e.g., alkalies such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, trisodium phosphate etc., silver halide solvents such as sodium thiosulphate, sodium thiocyanate and cyclic imides such as barbiturates or uracils, preservatives such as sulphites, bisulphites, metabisulphites and acids such as boric acid and citric acid.
• alkalies such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, trisodium phosphate etc.
• silver halide solvents such as sodium thiosulphate, sodium thiocyanate and cyclic imides such as barbiturates or uracils
• preservatives such as sulphites, bisulphites, metabisulphites and acids such as boric acid and citric acid.
• the developer composition may comprise potassium bromide and watersoftening agents such as polyphosphates and derivatives of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid, antifoggants such as benzotriazole, S-nitro-benzotriazole and 6-nitrobenzimidazole, wetting agents, developing agents having a superadditive elfect with the anionic developing agent used, e.g., 1-phenyl-3-pyrazolidinone as well as other compounds known in the photographic development technique.
• potassium bromide and watersoftening agents such as polyphosphates and derivatives of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid
• antifoggants such as benzotriazole, S-nitro-benzotriazole and 6-nitrobenzimidazole
• wetting agents such as benzotriazole, S-nitro-benzotriazole and 6-nitrobenzimidazole
• developing agents having a superadditive elfect with the anionic developing agent used e.g., 1-phenyl-3-pyrazolid
• the pH of the baths may vary within wide limits and depends on the kind of developing agent involved and the desired etfect. For instance, in the case of hydroquinone and ascorbic acid the compounds of use according to the present invention have little effect below pH 9 whereas in the case of sodium dithionite the pH may be lower, e.g., pH 8.
• the optimum pH-value for any developing agent used can best be determined by some simple tests determining the pH-dependency of the development accelerating eflect. In general the pH is comprised between pH -8 and pH 13.
• the amount of cyclic diquaternary ammonium compound used according to the present invention depends on the very compound, on the nature of the colloid binder of the silver halide grains and on the amount and type of silver halide in the emulsion.
• the amount of onium compound incorporated into the developing bath can vary between very wide limits and depends on the developing agent used.
• the optimum concentration for any diquaternary salt of use according to the invention can best be determined by employing a series of concentrations in several batches of the same developer and determining the speed obtained before and after incorporation of the said compound in the usual manner which is of course well known to those skilled in the art.
• the onium compound is used in amounts ranging between 0.01 mmole and 20 mmole per litre.
• the development acceleration obtained with the products according to the present invention can be combined with a chemical sensitization by means of chemical sensitizing agents such as sulphur-containing compounds, e.g, allyl isothiocyanate, allyl thiourea, or sodium thiosulphate, reducing agents such as the tin compounds described in the Belgian patent specifications 493,464 filed Jan. 24, 1950 and 568,687 filed June 18, 1958 both by Gevaert Photo-Producten N.V., the iminoaminomethane sulphonic acid compounds described in the British patent specification 789,823, filed .Apr. 29, 1955 by Gevaert Photo-Producten N.V., or precious metal compounds such as gold, platinum, palladium, iridium, ruthenium and rhodium compounds.
• chemical sensitizing agents such as sulphur-containing compounds, e.g, allyl isothiocyanate, allyl thiourea, or sodium thios
• the products influencing the development according to the present invention can also be used in combination with stabilizing agents for silver halide emulsions, such as mercury compounds and the compounds described in the Belgian patent specifications 571,916 and 571,917 both filed Oct. 10, 1958 by Gevaert Photo-[Producten N.V., and in combination with sensitizing and stabilizing cadmium salts in the light-sensitive material as well as in the developer.
• stabilizing agents for silver halide emulsions such as mercury compounds and the compounds described in the Belgian patent specifications 571,916 and 571,917 both filed Oct. 10, 1958 by Gevaert Photo-[Producten N.V.
• alkylene oxide compounds may be of various types and include, e.g., those described in the US. patent specifications 1,970,578 by Conrad Schoeller and Max Wittwer issued Aug. 21, 1934, 2,240,472 by Donald -R. Swan issued Apr. 29, 1941, 2,423,549 by Ralph K. Blake, William A. Stanton, Ferdinant Schulze issued July 8, 1947, 2,441,389 by Ralph K. Blake issued May 11, 1948, 2,531,832 by William A. Stanton issued Nov. 28, 1950, 2,533,990 by Ralph K. Blake issued Dec.
• the development accelerators of the invention may be used in conventional or wet development of silver halide emulsions, in diffusion transfer processes, both dye and silver, in such photographic processes known as stabilization processing wherein it is desired to eliminate or minimize the need for Washing or stabilizing operations in liquid baths subsequent to the formation of the silver print, etc.
• the processing composition normally includes a silver halide solvent, such as sodium thiosulphate, sodium thiocyanate and cyclic imides such as barbiturates or uracils, which forms with silver halide a soluble complex as is well known in the art of forming silver images by transfer, and may also include a film-forming material such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose or hydroxyethyl cellulose, starch or gum for increasing the viscosity of the composition as, for instance, in the case of in-camera silver complex diffusion transfer processing.
• the developing agents may be present in the processing solution and/ or the light-sensitive material and/or the image-receiving material.
• the time-consuming fixing and washing operations are eliminated in order to produce the photographic record in the least possible time, by converting after development, with the aid of stabilizing agents such as ammonium thiocyanate, the unexposed and undeveloped silver halide of the photographic emulsion into colourless light-intensitive compounds that need not be removed by washing.
• stabilizing agents such as ammonium thiocyanate
• the unexposed silver halide is converted into a complex as to obtain compar- Weitz-radicals.
• EXAMPLE 2 Strips of a photographic material comprising a lightsensitive silver halide emulsion layer coated on a cellulose triacetate support, are exposed through a grey filter with a Density after a development time oi- Developing bath sec. sec. 30 see. 1 min. 2 min. 5 min.
• EXAMPLE 3 Strips of a photographic material comprising a lightsensitive silver halide emulsion layer, coated on a cellulose triacetate support, are exposed through a grey filter with a light-quantity (E) which corresponds to the shoulder part of the density/ log E curve.
• E light-quantity
• G For comparison purposes some of these film strips are Sodium hexamctaphosphate 1 developed at 20 C. in separate developing baths, having S dium Carbonate 20 different pH values and having the following compositions. Trisodi'urn phosphate 20 Sodium hydroxide 2.7 Bath Potassium bromide 0.5 A B C D Ascorbic acid 7 Water to make 1 litre (pH 12).
• EXAMPLE 6 After exposure of film strips as described in Example 1, each of the film strips is developed at 20 C. in separate developing baths. One of them is developed in a bath H EXAMPLE 8 Densities obtained after a development time of- Developing bath 0 sec. 20 sec. 1 min. 3 min. 5 min.
• EXAMPLE 9 After exposure of film strips as described in Example 1, each of the film strips is developed at 20 C. in separate developing baths. One of them is developed in a bath K containing as developing agent Rongal HT Type 66 (trade name of Badische Anilin & Soda Fabrik Ludwigshafen, Germany, for an addition product of formal- Densities obtained aiter a development time of- Developing bath 0 see. 20 S90. 1 min. 3 min. 5 min.
• Rongal HT Type 66 trade name of Badische Anilin & Soda Fabrik Ludwigshafen, Germany
• Bath K 0.04. 0.07 0.30 0.70 Bath K plus 0.05 mmole of compound 1 0.63 1. 21 2. 02 2. 45 Bath K plus 0.05 mmole of 1,1'-tetramethylene-bis(pyrldin ium chloride) 0. O4 0. l0 0. 75 1. 15
• Compound 1 has a higher ac- A is a chemical bond linking the 2-position of Z to celerating effect on development by sodium dithionite the 2-position of Z and than 1,1-tetramethylene-bis(pyridinium chloride).
• X- stands for an anion or acid radical.
• EXAMPLE 10 Photographic developingmethod accordingmg to clalm 0 1, wherein said development is carried out using as de- A photosensitive element was prepared comprising on a paper support a silver bromoiodide emulsion layer containing per kg. an amount of silver halide corresponding to 60 g. of siliver nitrate.
• the photosensitive element and an image-receiving element which comprises a silver receptive layer containing development nuclei dispersed in a matrix of colloidal silica coated on a water-impervious support according to the practice described in U.S. Pat. 2,823,122, were advanced in superposed relationship between a pair of pressure-applying rollers to spread between them in a thin layer the following processing composition:
• the emulsion together with the layer of processing liquid was stripped from the image-receiving element to uncover the positive print.
• Photographic developing method which comprises developing an exposed silver halide emulsion layer of a photographic material with an aqueous alkaline composition in the presence of an anionic developing agentand a diquaternary cyclic ammonium salt, wherein said ammonium salt corresponds to the formula:
• veloping agent a member selected from the group consisting of hydroquinone, derivatives, ascorbic acid, sodium dithionite, hydroxylamine and hydroxylamine derivatives.
• Photographic developing method according to claim 1, wherein the said diquaternary salt is present in the developing bath in an amount. comprised between 0.01 mmole and 20 mmole per litre.
• Photographic developing method according to claim 1 wherein said method is used for making images according to the, silver complex diffusion transfer process.
• Photographic developing composition for developing an exposed silver halide emulsion layer of a photographic material comprising in aqueous alkaline solution in addition to an anionic developing agent a diquaternary cyclic ammonium compound corresponding to the formula in claim 1.
• Photographic developing composition according to claim 5 containing per litre from 0.01 mmole to 20 mmole of the said diquaternary ammonium salt.
• Photographic developing composition according to claim 6 wherein the anionic developing agent is a member selected from the group consisting of hydroquinone, a hydroquinone derivative, ascorbic acid, sodium dithionite,, hydroxylarnine and a hydroxylamine derivative.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
• Silver Salt Photography Or Processing Solution Therefor (AREA)
• Plural Heterocyclic Compounds (AREA)
• Pyridine Compounds (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Publications (1)

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ID=10464425

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (6)

Cited By (4)

• 0
  • BE BE757905D patent/BE757905A/nl unknown
• 1969
  • 1969-10-27 GB GB5256969A patent/GB1326358A/en not_active Expired
• 1970
  • 1970-09-14 JP JP45080859A patent/JPS4946939B1/ja active Pending
  • 1970-10-02 FR FR7035813A patent/FR2065923A5/fr not_active Expired
  • 1970-10-07 US US00078937A patent/US3713827A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1970-10-27 DE DE19702052694 patent/DE2052694A1/de active Pending

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