US3711312A - Precise method for controlling thickness of a coating - Google Patents

Precise method for controlling thickness of a coating Download PDF

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Publication number
US3711312A
US3711312A US00173622A US3711312DA US3711312A US 3711312 A US3711312 A US 3711312A US 00173622 A US00173622 A US 00173622A US 3711312D A US3711312D A US 3711312DA US 3711312 A US3711312 A US 3711312A
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United States
Prior art keywords
coating
web
thickness
change
signal
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00173622A
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English (en)
Inventor
K Yoshida
M Ishiwata
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Fujifilm Holdings Corp
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Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd
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Publication date
Application filed by Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd filed Critical Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd
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Publication of US3711312A publication Critical patent/US3711312A/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D5/00—Control of dimensions of material
    • G05D5/02—Control of dimensions of material of thickness, e.g. of rolled material
    • G05D5/03—Control of dimensions of material of thickness, e.g. of rolled material characterised by the use of electric means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2948/92009—Measured parameter
    • B29C2948/92114—Dimensions
    • B29C2948/92152—Thickness
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2948/92009—Measured parameter
    • B29C2948/92295—Errors or malfunctioning, e.g. for quality control
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2948/92323—Location or phase of measurement
    • B29C2948/92361—Extrusion unit
    • B29C2948/92409—Die; Nozzle zone
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2948/92504—Controlled parameter
    • B29C2948/92733—Electrical properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2948/92819—Location or phase of control
    • B29C2948/92933—Conveying, transporting or storage of articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/07—Flat, e.g. panels
    • B29C48/08—Flat, e.g. panels flexible, e.g. films

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method of controlling a change of a coating thickness of a liquid layer or layers successively coated on a web, such as paper, plastics film or the like.
  • This method is suited especially for coating photographic light sensitive emulsions, such as a gelatino-silver halide solution, on a web surface and is also applicable for multi-layer coating.
  • a doctor coating method and a bead coating method are used for coating photographic light-sensitive emulsions, such as a gelatino-silverhalide solution, but in these methods there occur changes of the coating thickness which are called Lateral defects and which are caused by the mechanical vibrations of the coating apparatus.
  • an object of this invention is to provide a coating method capable of obtaining a uniform coated layer, irrespective of the mechanical vibrations of the coating apparatus.
  • Another object of this invention is to prevent the slight or minor change of the coating thickness, irrespective of the change of the web thickness, irregularity of the web speed and other external disturbances.
  • This invention is intended to make use of an electric signal applied between the coating composition and an electrode via the web for controlling or regulating the change of coating thickness.
  • this invention is intended to apply an electrical signal which changes corresponding to the extent of the disturbance to a zone between the coating composition and an electrode via the web to regulate or prevent the change of the coating thickness due to the mechanical vibration of the coating apparatus, change of the web thickness, irregularity of the apparatus speed and other external disturbances.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic view, partly in cross section, of an apparatus for preventing slight changes of coating thickness from being caused by the mechanical vibration of the coating apparatus and FIG. 2 is similar to the view in FIG. 1 but for preventing slight changes of the coating thickness from being caused by the change of the web thickness.
  • 1 denotes a continuously moving web, such as a paper sheet or a film
  • 2 is a backing roller electrically insulated from its shaft by an insulating layer
  • 4 is a coating device for applying the coating composition 6 fed by a pump 5
  • 7 is a vibration meter which detects the mechanical vibration of the coating device 4 and converts said vibration into an electrical signal
  • 8 is a polarity converter which converts the polarity of the electric signal generated from the vibration meter 7
  • 9 is a phase shifter which deviates the phase of the polarity converted electric signal
  • 10 is a voltage amplifier for amplifying the electric signal treated by both the polarity converter 8 and the phase shifter 9 and for giving proper bias voltage to said electric signal.
  • 11 is a terminal of the voltage amplifier 10 for providing a potential to the backing roller 2 via a lead wire and a slip ring 13
  • 12 is another terminal of the voltage amplifier 10 for providing a potential to the coating solution or composition 6 in the coating device 4 via a lead wire and an electrode 14.
  • the metallic backing roller 2 is not coated but where the web 1 is of the material which becomes conductive by impregnation with the coating composition 6, the surface of the metal roller must be coated with an insulating film.
  • any type of coating device 4 which may be used in the doctor method, bead coating method, dip method or roller method is applicable to this process and the design of the coating device 4 may be of the hopper type, extrusion type or slide type. This process was advantageously achieved with the use of a coating device 4 suitable for the doctor method.
  • the pump 5 is generally a non-pulsating, constant feed pump and the coating composition 6 may beany one of several photographic light sensitive emulsions as a gelatino-silver halide solution, undercoating, solution, baryta solution, back lining solution, antihalation solution, middle layer coating solution and upper protecting layer coating solution.
  • the coating composition 6 may beany one of several photographic light sensitive emulsions as a gelatino-silver halide solution, undercoating, solution, baryta solution, back lining solution, antihalation solution, middle layer coating solution and upper protecting layer coating solution.
  • the vibration meter 7 may be a piezo-electric type, a dynamic electric type, a dynamic magnetic type, or a capacitor type meter and the polarity converter 8, the phase shifter 9 and the amplifier 10 may be the electronic tube type or semiconductor type.
  • 15 is a multiple doctor type multilayer coating device for applying successively pluralities of coating compositions on a web 1.
  • the device 16 is a contact type or non-contact type detector for detecting the change of web thickness along the web moving direction and 17 is a delay circuit for the electric signal for correcting the time lag caused between the thickness change detector 16 and the doctor type multilayer coating device 15.
  • the terminal 11 of the voltage amplifier 10 may be connected also to an electrode plate or electrode of any other shape capable of generating an electrostatic field on the coating zone of the web, if the terminal is not to be brought into direct contact with the coating composition in the usual liquid state.
  • another terminal 12 of the voltage amplifier may be connected to the electrode 14 dipped directly into the coating composition reservoir as shown in FIG. 1 via the lead wire and also to the doctor ty e multi-layer coating device as shown in FIG. 2 if the coating device is made of conductive material.
  • connection of the terminal 11 of the voltage amplifier 10 to the backing roller 2 does not necessarily require a slip ring 13 and the terminal may be connected directly to the bearing part or a rotary transformer can be utilized for the connection.
  • the mean amount of the coating composition to be applied to the web surface is determined by the feeding rate of the coating composition.
  • the coating amount is to be kept at a theoretical constant value by selecting the feeding rate at predetermined value.
  • the coating thickness is still changed slightly by the disturbance based on the mechanical vibration or" the coating part, the change of base thickness along the moving direction, or irregular speed of running web it the coating amount is observed at minor time unit, such as A sec, sec or ,4 sec.
  • the minor change of the coating thickness varies considerably with the type of coating method and the coating conditions, and can be reduced to minimum level with the selection of a suitable coating method and coating conditions.
  • the regulation of the minor changes of the coating thickness becomes diflicult and lateral defects are formed along the web running direction based on the coating thickness irregularity.
  • This invention is intended to prevent the change of the coating thickness caused by disturbances by electric means and to minimize the change of coating thickness.
  • This invention makes use of this phenomenon by following an inverse course; i.e. in thecase where the coating thickness is changed slightly by the vibration of the coating device 4, voltage should be applied to both electrodes to negate the vibration of the coating device.
  • the electrostatic action changes solely with the absolute value of the applied voltage, the electrostatic attractive force will not be converted into a repelling force irrespective of the reversal of the electrostatic field between two electrodes. Therefore, positive or negative bias voltage must be applied to any one of the electrodes to prevent the reversal of the electric field.
  • the mechanical vibration of the coating device is converted into an electric signal with several mv. amplitude by the vibration meter 7; the polarity converter 8 reverses the polarity of the electric signal from the. vibration meter '7 proportional to the vibration of the coating device; the phaseshifter 9 adjusts the .phase'jdeviation of the high voltage signal applied tothecoating device for controlling the change of coated thickness, and the voltage amplifier 10 amplifies the weak electric signal having an amplitude of several mv. intothe high voltage signal with an amplitude of several hundreds v. and at the same time imparts the positive or negative bias voltage of several hundreds v. v g
  • the thickness change detector16 senses a change of the Web thickness, as an electric signalwith a frequency of from 10 to several hundreds H and an amplitude of several tens mv., in advance of the coating device; the polarity converter reverses the. polarity of the electric signal proportional tothe change of the, Web thickness and generated by the thickness change detector 16; the delay circuit 17 corrects the time delay of several tenths of a second between the thickness change detector 16 and the coating device; and the voltage amplifier -10 amplifies the weak electric signal of several tens mv. into a high voltage signal with several hundreds v. amplitude and at the same time imparts a positive or negative'bias voltage of several hundreds v. r
  • An optical density irregularity detector can be applied immediately after coating to detect the minor change of coating thickness, while the obtained signal is amplified and fed back to control the phase shifter or the delay circuit, and whereby the automatic control of the minor change of the coating thickness is made possible;
  • the thickness of the coating composition 6 coated on the running web 1 changes slightlydue to irregular web speed
  • it is possible to prevent or regulate the minor change of the coating thickness by detecting the irregular web speed with an angular acceleration meter, converting the detected value into an electric signal, passing said electric signal through the phase adjuster 9 or the delay circuit 17 and the voltage amplifier 10 and applying the obtained signal voltage for controlling the minor change of the coating thickness between the coating composition and the electrode located on the opposite side of the base web.
  • the thickness of the coating composition 6 coated on the web 1 changes slightly due to one or more disturbances selected from a group consisting of the mechanical vibration of the coating part, the change of the web thickness, the irregular web speed and other disturbance
  • it is possible to prevent or regulate the slight change of the coating thickness according to this invention by mixing several weak electric signals each of which is proportional to each of the disturbances and passing the mixed signal through the phase shifter 9 or the delay circuit 17 to have the proper phase deviation and the time delay, amplifying the mixed signal with the voltage amplifier 10, adding proper bias voltage to the said signal and applying the resulting signal between the coating composition and the opposite face of the base web.
  • the voltage applied to the coating device does not impart any effect on the mean coated amounts but relates exclusively to the minor changes of the coating thickness.
  • the electric current flowing through the coating zone as a result of the voltage for controlling the coating thickness does not exceed several ten ma., and accordingly only consumes extremely small electric power. Because of the weak electric current, injurious effects, chemical or physical, cannot be imparted to the coating composition. By attaching a breaker with about 50 ma. capacity to this apparatus, this invention will be executed safely without danger of a fatal accident in case of improper handling.
  • this regulation system may be applicable to the control of the coated layer to minimize the thickness error correcting value which is required for obtaining photographic light sensitive materials having maximum density to a negligibly low level, thus enabling a saving of Ag consumption.
  • EXAMPLE 1 A coating apparatus equipped with a coating part having a mechanical vibration with a maximum amplitude of 2 and a frequency of 50-70 H and a multiple doctor type coating device was operated to coat two photographic industrial Rontgen emulsion layers on triacetylcellulose base web surface with a web speed of 40 m./ min. and an emulsion coating thickness of cc./m.
  • the mechanical vibration was detected by a capacitor type vibration meter, and a signal voltage was obtained by passing the detected signal from the vibration meter through a polarity converter composed of semiconductor circuits, a phase shifter and a voltage amplifier composed of electron tubes.
  • This signal voltage had the maximum value of 500 v. and a suitable phase deviation proportional to the shape of the vibration wave was then applied between the multiple doctor type coating device and the backing roller together with positive bias voltage of 500 v.
  • a signal voltage By this application of a signal voltage, the change of the coating thickness along the web running direction, otherwise shown as an irregularity having 9-13 mm. pitch, was extinguished.
  • EXAMPLE 2 A triacetylcellulose base web having the longitudinal thickness irregularity with a pitch of 15-30 mm. and the maximum thickness deviation of 6a was coated with a four-layer photographic cinecolor positive emulsion by a multiple doctor type coating device with a web speed of 30 m./min. and a coating thickness of 200 cc./m.
  • the change of the web thickness was detected by a contact by a contact type electron micrometer and the obtained signal was passed through a polarity converter composed of semiconductor circuits and a delay circuit and amplified by a voltage amplifier composed of semiconductor circuits to a signal voltage having a maximum value of 300 v. and the proper time lag and proportional to the shape of the thickness change wave.
  • the resultant signal voltage and a 400 v. positive bias voltage were applied between the multiple doctor type coating device and the backing roller.
  • a method for controlling the thickness of a coating on a traveling backing web to compensate for variable parameters which adversely affect the thickness of the coating comprising measuring said variable parameters prior to the coating of the backing web, converting said measurements into an electric signal, varying the polarity and phase of said signal, amplifying said signal and applying the resultant electric signal as a potential difference between the coating composition and an electrode on the opposite side of said backing web during application of said composition to said backing web to vary the coating of the composition solely in response to said signal resulting from said parameters measured prior to the coating of the backing web to precisely control the thickness of the applied coating on the web.
  • step of measuring said variable parameters comprises measuring the vibration of the coating apparatus.
  • a method as set forth in claim 1 wherein the step of measuring said variable parameters comprises measuring the web thickness change prior to application of the coating material.
  • variable parameters comprises measuring irregularities in the speed of said traveling backing web.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
  • Coating Apparatus (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
US00173622A 1968-06-10 1971-08-20 Precise method for controlling thickness of a coating Expired - Lifetime US3711312A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP43039801A JPS4932772B1 (xx) 1968-06-10 1968-06-10

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US3711312A true US3711312A (en) 1973-01-16

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US (1) US3711312A (xx)
JP (1) JPS4932772B1 (xx)
BE (1) BE734289A (xx)
FR (1) FR2010599A1 (xx)
GB (1) GB1269979A (xx)

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3886900A (en) * 1972-08-01 1975-06-03 Cellophane Sa Apparatus for developing a latent charged image
US3902451A (en) * 1972-09-05 1975-09-02 Allco Electrostatic developer
US3931787A (en) * 1973-06-20 1976-01-13 Stoody Company Apparatus for applying solid particle material to a strip
US3971336A (en) * 1975-06-27 1976-07-27 Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corporation Control system for controlling translation speed of carriage with respect to rotational speed of mandrel
US4038442A (en) * 1975-09-16 1977-07-26 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Method for coating
EP0007207A1 (en) * 1978-07-11 1980-01-23 Trw Inc. Method and apparatus for applying a covering of material to a workpiece
US4251566A (en) * 1978-10-12 1981-02-17 Champion International Corporation Gum thickness regulator
US4489671A (en) * 1978-07-03 1984-12-25 Polaroid Corporation Coating apparatus
US4537801A (en) * 1982-05-25 1985-08-27 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Coating method and apparatus
DE3506524A1 (de) * 1985-02-25 1986-08-28 Akzo Gmbh, 5600 Wuppertal Flexible polyimid-mehrschichtlaminate
US5456944A (en) * 1991-10-15 1995-10-10 Eastman Kodak Company Magnetic dispersion coating method having high shear regions
US6368675B1 (en) 2000-04-06 2002-04-09 3M Innovative Properties Company Electrostatically assisted coating method and apparatus with focused electrode field
US6475572B2 (en) 2000-04-06 2002-11-05 3M Innovative Properties Company Electrostatically assisted coating method with focused web-borne charges
US20030124254A1 (en) * 2001-12-27 2003-07-03 Rexam Image Products, Inc. Wet on wet process for producing films
CN103395185A (zh) * 2013-08-06 2013-11-20 苏州启智机电技术有限公司 淋膜品质检测结构

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5296133A (en) * 1976-02-05 1977-08-12 Youichi Muramatsu Golf practice stand
JPS5452971U (xx) * 1977-09-19 1979-04-12

Cited By (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3886900A (en) * 1972-08-01 1975-06-03 Cellophane Sa Apparatus for developing a latent charged image
US3902451A (en) * 1972-09-05 1975-09-02 Allco Electrostatic developer
US3931787A (en) * 1973-06-20 1976-01-13 Stoody Company Apparatus for applying solid particle material to a strip
US3971336A (en) * 1975-06-27 1976-07-27 Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corporation Control system for controlling translation speed of carriage with respect to rotational speed of mandrel
US4038442A (en) * 1975-09-16 1977-07-26 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Method for coating
US4489671A (en) * 1978-07-03 1984-12-25 Polaroid Corporation Coating apparatus
EP0007207A1 (en) * 1978-07-11 1980-01-23 Trw Inc. Method and apparatus for applying a covering of material to a workpiece
US4334495A (en) * 1978-07-11 1982-06-15 Trw Inc. Method and apparatus for use in making an object
US4358471A (en) * 1978-07-11 1982-11-09 Trw Inc. Control apparatus
US4251566A (en) * 1978-10-12 1981-02-17 Champion International Corporation Gum thickness regulator
US4537801A (en) * 1982-05-25 1985-08-27 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Coating method and apparatus
DE3506524A1 (de) * 1985-02-25 1986-08-28 Akzo Gmbh, 5600 Wuppertal Flexible polyimid-mehrschichtlaminate
US5456944A (en) * 1991-10-15 1995-10-10 Eastman Kodak Company Magnetic dispersion coating method having high shear regions
US5582645A (en) * 1991-10-15 1996-12-10 Eastman Kodak Company Magnetic dispersion coating apparatus having high shear regions
US6368675B1 (en) 2000-04-06 2002-04-09 3M Innovative Properties Company Electrostatically assisted coating method and apparatus with focused electrode field
US6475572B2 (en) 2000-04-06 2002-11-05 3M Innovative Properties Company Electrostatically assisted coating method with focused web-borne charges
US6666918B2 (en) 2000-04-06 2003-12-23 3M Innovative Properties Company Electrostatically assisted coating apparatus with focused web charge field
US6716286B2 (en) 2000-04-06 2004-04-06 3M Innovative Properties Company Electrostatically assisted coating method and apparatus with focused electrode field
US20030124254A1 (en) * 2001-12-27 2003-07-03 Rexam Image Products, Inc. Wet on wet process for producing films
US6824818B2 (en) 2001-12-27 2004-11-30 Soliant Llc Wet on wet process for producing films
CN103395185A (zh) * 2013-08-06 2013-11-20 苏州启智机电技术有限公司 淋膜品质检测结构

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2010599A1 (xx) 1970-02-20
JPS4932772B1 (xx) 1974-09-03
BE734289A (xx) 1969-11-17
GB1269979A (en) 1972-04-12

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