US3711159A - Tunnelling machines - Google Patents

Tunnelling machines Download PDF

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Publication number
US3711159A
US3711159A US00109496A US3711159DA US3711159A US 3711159 A US3711159 A US 3711159A US 00109496 A US00109496 A US 00109496A US 3711159D A US3711159D A US 3711159DA US 3711159 A US3711159 A US 3711159A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
shield
jaws
excavating
jaw
arcuate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US00109496A
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English (en)
Inventor
P Mazzotti
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
STREETERS PLANT HIRE Ltd
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STREETERS PLANT HIRE Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by STREETERS PLANT HIRE Ltd filed Critical STREETERS PLANT HIRE Ltd
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Publication of US3711159A publication Critical patent/US3711159A/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/06—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining
    • E21D9/08—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining with additional boring or cutting means other than the conventional cutting edge of the shield

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A tunnelling machine more particularly but not exclu sively intended to operate in soft ground, comprises a tubular cutting and protection shield which is periodically advanced with reference to a base or an already erected section of tunnel lining and is preferably characterized by the provision at the forward end of the shield of a pair of cutter-carrying excavating jaws which are power operated and swin'gable in arcuate excavating paths about parallel axes from retracted positions inside the shield to positions projecting for wardly thereof wherein the jaws are closed upon one another.
  • This invention relates to tunnelling machines of the kind which are more particularly but not exclusively intended to operate in soft ground and which usually comprise a tubular cutting and protection shield which is periodically advanced with reference to a base or an already erected section of the tunnel lining.
  • Relatively large'machines of the kind referred to are commonly provided with a rotary cutter or excavator which is co-axial with the shield and some form of mechanical conveyor is provided for removing the spoil.
  • Such machines are expensive and not usually justified, or available, for cutting relatively small diameter tunnels having a diameter of the order of for instance 6 feet.
  • small bore tunnelling machines usually only comprise a cylindrical shield with a cutting edge, excavation and spoil removal being effected manually there being only a relatively small space available for any extra cutter and/or mechanical conveyor.
  • the cutting rate of such machines is therefore inevitably slow, particularly in wet ground, and the cost of manual labor is high.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a more efficient and rapid tunnelling machine particularly but not necessarily of relatively small size having improved and relatively inexpensive excavating means which occupies less space within theshield and which facilitates installation of a spoil removal conveyor.
  • a tunnelling machine of the kind referred to comprises at the forward end of the shield .a pair of excavating, cutter carrying, pivoted jaws which are power operated and movable towards and away from one another to excavate the material ahead of but within the confines of the cutting edge of the shield.
  • FIG. 1 is a fragmentary isometric view of the forward end of the tunnellingmachine
  • FIG. 2 is a frontal elevation of the tunnelling machine
  • FIG. 3 is a section on line A-A of FIG. 2;
  • F IG. 4 is a section on line B-B of FIG. 2; whilst FIGS. 5, 6 and 7 illustrate different excavating jaw formations for alternative tunnel shapes.
  • the tunnelling machine shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 comprises a cylindrical shield l with a front cutting edge 2 situated in a diametric plane.
  • the shield 1 is equipped internally with two or more main thrust rams 3 which operate between an internal annular abutment flange 4 forming part of the shield and the leading end parts 5 of an already inserted tunnel lining section.
  • the latter may for instance be comprisedof arcuate concrete sections.
  • the rams are hydraulically operated and periodically advanced, retracted and adjusted in the usual manner.
  • a pair of semi-circular excavating jaws 6, 6' are mounted on individual parallel shafts 7 situated one each side of and perpendicular to the center axis of the shield. These shafts 7 are normally vertical and when the jaws 6, 6' are fully open they lie in a diametric plane and concentrically adjacent the inside surface of the shield 1.
  • the excavating jaw 6 is shown in such a position.
  • the excavating jaws 6, 6' carry a series of forwardly directed digging teeth 8 dimensioned and spaced to suit ground conditions. Alternatively discs or other cutters could be fitted.
  • the jaws 6, 6' In their fully closed positions the jaws 6, 6' project I forwardly of the shield 2 and lie in planes parallel with the shield axis with the teeth 8 in engagement. In the drawings the jaw 6' is shown in such a position.
  • the jaws are swung in unison between their fully open and fully closed positions by simultaneous extension of individual hydraulic rams 9 pivotally anchored within the shield and each pivotally connected to a frame portion 10 of a jaw intermediate its pivoted and its outward end.
  • the jaw operating rams 9 would operate from the same hydraulic circuit as the main thrust rams.
  • the other rams 9 are operated to close the jaws 6, 6' together. This closing movement causes the cutting teeth 8 on the jaws to scoop vor excavate a part spherical mass of material which is removed as spoil either manually or preferably by means of a small self loading endless belt ordrag bucket conveyor (not shown) operating longitudinally within the shield l.
  • the excavating jaws 6, 6' and the rams 9 for operating them are preferably mounted so as to facilitate case respectively.
  • the positions of the hydraulic rams are indicated by circles and it is to be noted that in FIG. 6 the jaws pivot about horizontal axes.
  • the improved tunnelling machine is particularly intended for relatively small bore soft ground tunnelling, there appears to be no reason to suppose that the improved machine could not be commercially competitive inlarger sizes or be used also for tunnelling in relatively hard ground using differently designed cutters if necessary.
  • a tunnelling machine comprising:
  • each of said jaws having a centrally located operating arm which extends perpendicular to the plane of the jaw;
  • said jaws being provided with teeth for cutting the earth.
  • a soft ground tunnellingmachine comprising a tubular shield with a front cutting edge, at least one swingable jaw shaped to match part of the interior profile of said shield and having teeth on the front edge thereof, pivot means supporting said jaw so as to enable -to the axis of said shield and respectively supporting said jaw to turn in an arcuate path from a position in said jaws so as to enable said jaws to turn in arcuate the shield and positions in which they project forwardly thereof with their teeth closed together so as to excavate the ground, and hydraulic means mounted within said shield and coupled to said jaws for causing them to move in said arcuate paths.
  • a tunnelling machine comprising a tubular cutting and protection shield having in its forward end an excavatin'g head comprising a pair of cutter-carrying excavating jaws which are power operated and swingable in arcuate excavating paths about parallel axes from retracted positions inside the shield to positions projecting forwardly thereof wherein the jaws are closed upon one another;
  • excavating jaws are mounted from first flanged parts of the shield and are operable by individual, hydraulic rams anchored to second flanged parts of the shield.
  • a tunnelling machine comprising a tubular cutting and protection shield having in its forward end an excavating head comprising a pair of cutter-carrying excavating jaws which are power operated and swingable in arcuate excavating paths about parallel axes from retracted positions inside the shield to positions projecting forwardly thereof wherein the jaws are closed upon one another;
  • main hydraulic thrust rams operable between an internal flanged part shield and a rearward abutment.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
US00109496A 1970-06-17 1971-01-25 Tunnelling machines Expired - Lifetime US3711159A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB29347/70A GB1278347A (en) 1970-06-17 1970-06-17 Improvements relating to tunnelling machines

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3711159A true US3711159A (en) 1973-01-16

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00109496A Expired - Lifetime US3711159A (en) 1970-06-17 1971-01-25 Tunnelling machines

Country Status (4)

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US (1) US3711159A (OSRAM)
DE (1) DE2107930B2 (OSRAM)
FR (1) FR2095482A5 (OSRAM)
GB (1) GB1278347A (OSRAM)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5190407A (en) * 1991-01-14 1993-03-02 Kabushiki Kaisha Iseki Kaihatsu Koki Rectangular shield excavating machine
US5538362A (en) * 1992-10-08 1996-07-23 Kabushiki Kaisha Iseki Kaihatsu Koki Shield excavator
US20190376257A1 (en) * 2017-01-18 2019-12-12 Yubin Wang Grooving Device for Underground Structures and Its Construction Method
US20190383142A1 (en) * 2017-01-18 2019-12-19 Yubin Wang Tunneling Device for Pipe Jacking and Its Construction Method
US20220364469A1 (en) * 2020-04-09 2022-11-17 Shandong Jianzhu University Composite support structure, construction system, and method

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US752931A (en) * 1904-02-23 Tunneling apparatus
US1880091A (en) * 1931-09-11 1932-09-27 Charles R Hughes Mining machine
US3446535A (en) * 1966-03-19 1969-05-27 Habegger Ag Maschf Tunnel driving machine

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US752931A (en) * 1904-02-23 Tunneling apparatus
US1880091A (en) * 1931-09-11 1932-09-27 Charles R Hughes Mining machine
US3446535A (en) * 1966-03-19 1969-05-27 Habegger Ag Maschf Tunnel driving machine

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5190407A (en) * 1991-01-14 1993-03-02 Kabushiki Kaisha Iseki Kaihatsu Koki Rectangular shield excavating machine
US5538362A (en) * 1992-10-08 1996-07-23 Kabushiki Kaisha Iseki Kaihatsu Koki Shield excavator
US20190376257A1 (en) * 2017-01-18 2019-12-12 Yubin Wang Grooving Device for Underground Structures and Its Construction Method
US20190383142A1 (en) * 2017-01-18 2019-12-19 Yubin Wang Tunneling Device for Pipe Jacking and Its Construction Method
US11242748B2 (en) * 2017-01-18 2022-02-08 Yubin Wang Tunneling device for pipe jacking and its construction method
US20220364469A1 (en) * 2020-04-09 2022-11-17 Shandong Jianzhu University Composite support structure, construction system, and method
US11739639B2 (en) * 2020-04-09 2023-08-29 Shandong Jianzhu University Composite support structure, construction system, and method

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1278347A (en) 1972-06-21
DE2107930A1 (de) 1971-12-23
DE2107930B2 (de) 1974-08-22
FR2095482A5 (OSRAM) 1972-02-11

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