US3710747A - Device for hydrofoil crafts suitable to remove from the beginning the transversal listing moments - Google Patents

Device for hydrofoil crafts suitable to remove from the beginning the transversal listing moments Download PDF

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Publication number
US3710747A
US3710747A US00075945A US3710747DA US3710747A US 3710747 A US3710747 A US 3710747A US 00075945 A US00075945 A US 00075945A US 3710747D A US3710747D A US 3710747DA US 3710747 A US3710747 A US 3710747A
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Prior art keywords
strut
hull
preventing device
hydrofoil
sensing
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US00075945A
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English (en)
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V Guidi
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Cantiere Navaltecnica SpA
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Cantiere Navaltecnica SpA
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B1/00—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils
    • B63B1/16—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving additional lift from hydrodynamic forces
    • B63B1/24—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils deriving additional lift from hydrodynamic forces of hydrofoil type
    • B63B1/242—Mounting, suspension of the foils

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT prevents the effects of transversal listing moments on the hull of a hydrofoil craft by providing at least one hinged strut between the hull and a wing as well as-control and sensing means.
  • the sensing means sense list causing forces and/or list causing flow and the control means tilt the respective hinged strut in response to the sensing means instantaneously into such an angular position that the listing moments are eliminated even before they can become effective on r 8 Claims, 12 Drawing Figures om.
  • the vertical struts are transversally or laterally arranged one on each side of the hull, and the distance B between the struts defines with forces A? the straightening moment MR whereby AP is the difference is lifting caused by the opposite action of the flaps of the supporting wings; that is MR APB.
  • the flying height H that is the distance between the bottom of the hull and the eater surface, to which Z is proportional, defines the degree of sea roughness which the hydrofoil is able to overcome and thus its efficiency degree with respect to the wave height.
  • the list preventing device comprises one or more tiltable struts which are hinged to the hull to be tilted about a vertical axis, and control means for the tiltable struts, as well as sensing means for sensing any forces and/or flowwhich may cause tilting moments.
  • the controlmeans are operatively connected to the sensing means and to the respective strut for instantaneously tilting the strut into an angular posi- 7 tion which corresponds to the instantaneous angle included between the forward direction of motion of the craft and a resultant of a forward and lateral or transversal speed component whereby any operative disadvantages and restrictions are removed because the various transversal dynamic and/or static listing moments are immediately removed, that is before the hull receives them. Therefore, much higher flying heights are obtained with the same straightening moments present in known hydrofoil crafts. Further, a considerably better comfort and smoothness of navigation is achieved at flying heights comparable to presently achievable flying heights.
  • the sensing means are capable of ascertaining a physical quantity depending on the transversal speed of the liquid surrounding the supporting vertical struts of the hydrofoil crafts due to the horizontal orbital motion of the waves.
  • the control means which may be of any kind are suitable for controlling, for example by means of a servomechanism said angular strut position.
  • Said sensing means may comprise mechanical, electric, hydraulic and pneumatic elements or other suitable members of any kind arranged on the hull or on a suitable immersed portion of the strut and able to ascertain the amount and direction of the transversal flow or one of its effects.
  • the sensing means could measure the mechanical stresses produced by an exciting force or depending on the transversal flow, or the pressure or any other function or effect of the transversal speed of said flow on the immersed struts.
  • the physical value representing for example speed, force, acceleration, displacement or the like and sensed in response to the transversal or lateral speed of the fluid flow is preferably transformed into any electric, electronic mechanical, hydraulic or displacing signal which may be conveniently amplified for controlling said servo-mechanism in a closed-loop circuit whereby to automatically adjust the instantaneous angular strut position either by rotating the axis of null lift of the vertical struts or by causing a suitable transversal variation in the lift thereof.
  • lift varying means comprising means for blowing of air or water along one or more of the supporting vertical struts, said blowing being directed transversally to the hull-and having an intensity and direction depending on the intensity and direction of said transversal speed whereby the varying of the strut left is controlled in such a way as to remove said disturbing force.
  • At least one flap-type vertical aileron is suitably arranged on one or more of said struts supporting the hull. Said aileron is controlled so as to produce a lift variation for balancing the transversal force produced by said transversal speed of the flow.
  • Said sensing means comprise, for example, extensimeters which may operate mechanically, pneumatically, or electric-ally on the strut or in the hull, to check 7 any deformation of the carrying struts caused by said transversal speed of the fluid.
  • FIG. 1 shows the cross section of a hydrofoil craft raised to a height H above the water surface or horizontal X-X;
  • FIG. 2 shows a partial lateral view of said hydrofoil craft with a vertical strut hinged to the hull along an axis I- -I;
  • FIG. 3 shows the strut as viewed in the direction III- III of FIG. 2 said strut being rockable ortiltable about the axis I-I;
  • FIG. 4 shows a diagram of the resultant speed V +v of the water flow
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a section along line V-V of FIG. 2
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 show a vertical strut fixed on the hull, and provided with a hinged vertical flap
  • FIGS. 8 and 9 illustrate longidutinal side and top views respectively, of a hydrofoil craft with completely immersed wings
  • FIG. 10 illustrates the actuating means of FIG. 5 as applied to the flap of FIG. 7;
  • FIG. 11 is a view similar to FIG. 6 wherein the flap has been replaced by fluid'jet holes in the side walls of the strut;
  • FIG. 12 shows the actuating means of FIG. 5 for 3 operating the fluid jets in FIG. 1 1.
  • the hull l is transversally inclined by an angle 3 relative to the horizontal XX, the weight Q as expressed in percent of the displacement and which bears on the wing pair 3, resolves into forces F, and Q
  • the force Fl will cause a moment MS F, Z, wherein Z is the vertical distance between the horizontal plane extending through the center of gravity G of the craft and the horizontal plane in which a force F is effective on the strut 2; said force F being exerted on the surfaces of the struts mostly by horizontal, orbital motion of the waves.
  • the vertical strut 2 is hinged to the hull as shown in FIGS.
  • the strut 2 is free to rock about a hinge 4.
  • the force F will not generate any listing moment, but will translate laterally the hull l with a speed component (v).
  • the combination of the speed V of the longitudinal movement of the hydrofoil and the speed (v) of the lateral or side displacement of the hydrofoil will define a resultant V +v.
  • a rather slant angle a is included between the direction Y-Y of forward motion and the direction of said resultant.
  • the strut 2 will position itself at such angle a relative to the forward movement direction Y-Y, whereby the effect of the force F1 is cancelled.
  • the foregoing considerations apply to any one of the various transversal exciting forces, caused for example by any orbital horizontal side motions of the waves. That is, a flow with the speed (v), as in the first example, will cause a resultant V +v and a corresponding angle a and the rocking strut will immediately assume such tilted position that from the beginning any effect of such forces as F or F, is avoided and therefore the listing moments caused by said forces are also avoided.
  • the vertical strut 2 which is free to tilt about the hinge along the axis 1-- I, represents in its practical embodiment relative to the water flow a rocking system with its own mass, inertia and damping factor so as to alter the effects it receives from the flow speed (v), and thus the strut will assume positions according to angles which do not necessarily correspond to said angle a resulting due to components V and v.
  • the vertical strut 2 may also position itself at an angle corresponding to the angle but not within suitable response times whereby the effects of forces F and F, are not cancelled completely but only a part or fraction thereof.
  • the system as above described may be called an open-cycle system which is subject to disturbances and undesirable phase shifts of various kinds.
  • FIG. 5 An embodiment of a closed loop system is shown, for example, in FIG. 5.
  • the strut 2 is shown in .section along the line V-V of FIG. 2. Due to an effect to the flow speed (v) the force F causes a flexion of the strut 2, whereby the strut 2 assumes a flexed position as indicated by the dash-dotted line in FIG. 5.
  • Such a flexion may be mechanically substantial in its infinitesimal values Af as indicated by the movement of the free upper end of a sheet or flat member 12 the lower end of which is integral with said strut so that the free upper end is freely displaceable in a transversal direction.
  • the infinitesimal movement values Af control through' a follower member 11" a hydraulic pilot servovalve 11 which is attached to the strut 2.
  • the servovalve 11 is connected through hydraulic conduits 11' to an actuating element such as a piston cylinder device pivoted to the strut 2 as at 10.
  • the arrangement is such that the strut 2 is always tilted in a direction which tends to reduce AF to zero and thus to close the servovalve and thereby the response cycle. Consequently, as soon as the force F tends to begin, its effect is immediately cancelled through an angular tilting of the strut 2 about the axis II.
  • Such angular tilting or rotation of the strut 2 by the piston cylinder device 10 will position the strut 2 at said angle a which, as stated, is equal to the angle resulting from the composition of flows V and v at the very moment considered. Stated differently, the instantaneous, tilted position of the strut will always correspond to the instantaneous angle necessary for proper compensation of any list moments.
  • the effect of the flow speed (v) may be ascertained or sensed even directly, for example by introducing a sensing means of any type into a suitable immersed portion of the strut 2 and transmitting the value or signal sensed to the above described control device or to any other similar control device.
  • the mechanical stresses generated by the force F, or the pressures caused by the flow speed (v) or any effect or function caused by the flow speed (v) on said strut 2 may be transformed from any movement due to compression or acceleration into a respective electric or electronic signal which, suitably amplified, constitutes the control function of a closed cycle automatic control circuit for tilting the strut 2 to the required angle.
  • the hinges 4 may be located anywhere along the chord axis of the strut or along the longitudinal front face of the strut 2 as shown in FIG. 2, or along axes parallel to the chord axis of the strut.
  • the hinge axis I-I may be located in front of said strut, thus, e.g., between the strut and the stem, or at the center of the strut, or at the rear edge of the strut, for example between the strut and the stern, or even laterally of the strut.
  • Different examples for positioning the hinge axis are shown in FIGS. 2, 3 and 8.
  • the compensation for the transversal listing moments is obtained by balancing the force F by means of vertical flaps 13, shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, or by blowing air, water or the like, or by using any device capable of performing a variation of the controlled lift.
  • the strut 2 is formed as an integral part of the hull 1.
  • the exciting force F acting on the immersed part of vertical strut means 2, FIG. 5, can by sensing means such as the flat member 12 be transduced into a displacement signal Af, suitable to the control of a hydraulic pilot servovalve 11 for actuating the piston cylinder device 10.
  • the control takes place through a follower member 11". If cylinder 10, as seen in FIG.
  • a number of holes 1' and 1" are provided in the two sides of vertical strut means 2 along a vertical line. These holes are suitably connected through ducts 2', 2" and pipes 3, 3" to the two outlets of a distribution valve 4" to which the fluid under pressure flows through a duct 5.
  • the valve 4" is controlled by the cylinder 10 by means of a linkrod 4a so as to cause a fluid which can be either air or water under pressure to flow to holes 1' or 1" in either direction and corresponding in sense and being proportional to the intensity of signal Af representing the force F.
  • the lift of the immersed part of said vertical strut is altered so as to develop a F (B) force opposite to F as in the previous case with the flap.
  • the above device may be generally used on any hydrofoil craft having completely immersed wings or comprising a combination of completely immersed and/or partly immersed wings.
  • the hull may be provided with one or more or all struts controlled according to the invention by a closed cycle system or a composite arrangement.
  • FIGS. 8 and 9 show for example, a hydrofoil craft provided with two forward struts 14 and 16 which are hinged and controlled as described.
  • a simple vertical strut which is not tiltable is provided at the stern where it may be arranged to comprise a zed-type transmission for a propeller or the feeding conduits of a hydrojet. Neither the transmission for driving propeller nor the hydrojet for propelling the craft are part of the invention.
  • hydrofoil craft will have to be provided with a known transversal stabilization system for balancing the listing moments caused by the vertical and horizontal orbital motion of the waves on a fixed stern strut or struts. Consequently, the hydrofoil craft will be able to rise 60 percent higher than present hydrofoil crafts although only the same straightening moment is applied.
  • the distance B between the struts shown in FIG. 1 may be reduced to the lowest possible distance. For example, when only one controlled tilting strut is arranged at one half the and and
  • a list preventing device for water crafts having a hull, hydrofoil means and strut means for connecting the hydrofoil means to the hull, the improvement comprising sensing means located for sensing a physical quantity produced by horizontal orbital motion of a wave which is effective transversally relative to the longitudinal hull axis, control means operatively connected to said sensing means, and strut actuating means operatively connected to said control means, whereby the actuating means-are automatically controlled in response to and in proportion to the instantaneous value and direction of said physical quantity for eliminating from the beginning even before it can affect the hull, any effect of said physical quantity by virtual rotation of the null lift axis of the vertical strut means.
  • the list preventing device further comprising means for hinging said strut means to said hull, and comprising means for hinging said strut means to said hull, and means for connecting said actuating means to said hinged strut means.
  • said sensing means comprise an elongated flat member located inside said strut means, said flat member having a lower end rigidly connected to said strut means and a freely movable upper end for indicating any flection of the strut means under the effect of said physical quantity, said sensing means further comprising a follower position for cooperation with the upper end of the flat member and connected to said control means for operating the control means in response to the instantaneously sensed value and direction of said physical quantity.
  • control means is a hydraulic servo-valve connected to said actuating means.
  • said jet means being positioned for directing a fluid stream along said strut means and transversely relative to the hull, said jet means being operatively connected to said control means, for controlling the intensity and. direction of said fluid stream in response to said physical quantity for removing the effects of said quantity.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Other Liquid Machine Or Engine Such As Wave Power Use (AREA)
  • Jib Cranes (AREA)
  • Soil Working Implements (AREA)
US00075945A 1969-10-04 1970-09-28 Device for hydrofoil crafts suitable to remove from the beginning the transversal listing moments Expired - Lifetime US3710747A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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IT736469 1969-10-04
IT741969 1969-10-31

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US3710747A true US3710747A (en) 1973-01-16

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DE (1) DE2045915C3 (de)
GB (1) GB1330908A (de)
NO (1) NO132084C (de)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4356786A (en) * 1979-09-27 1982-11-02 Tuggle Gordon P Hydrofoil boat
US5311832A (en) * 1991-12-20 1994-05-17 Dynafoils, Inc. Advanced marine vehicles for operation at high speeds in or above rough water
US5653189A (en) * 1991-12-20 1997-08-05 Dynafoils, Inc. Hydrofoil craft
WO2011075053A1 (en) 2009-12-17 2011-06-23 Alexander Sahlin Hydrofoil arrangement
FR3073490A1 (fr) * 2017-11-15 2019-05-17 Seair Dispositif automatise de positionnement sous l'eau de foil pour bateau motorise

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE202009017432U1 (de) * 2009-12-23 2011-05-05 Enzmann, Klaus J. Wasserfahrzeug
GB2558181A (en) * 2016-07-20 2018-07-11 Sharon Perry John Hydrofoil system for a watercraft

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3270699A (en) * 1965-03-04 1966-09-06 Bush Vannevar Hydrofoil craft

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3270699A (en) * 1965-03-04 1966-09-06 Bush Vannevar Hydrofoil craft

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4356786A (en) * 1979-09-27 1982-11-02 Tuggle Gordon P Hydrofoil boat
US5311832A (en) * 1991-12-20 1994-05-17 Dynafoils, Inc. Advanced marine vehicles for operation at high speeds in or above rough water
US5469801A (en) * 1991-12-20 1995-11-28 Dynafoils, Inc. Advanced marine vehicles for operation at high speed in or above rough water
US5653189A (en) * 1991-12-20 1997-08-05 Dynafoils, Inc. Hydrofoil craft
WO2011075053A1 (en) 2009-12-17 2011-06-23 Alexander Sahlin Hydrofoil arrangement
US8857363B2 (en) 2009-12-17 2014-10-14 Elektrofoil Ab Hydrofoil arrangement
FR3073490A1 (fr) * 2017-11-15 2019-05-17 Seair Dispositif automatise de positionnement sous l'eau de foil pour bateau motorise

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Publication number Publication date
DE2045915C3 (de) 1974-09-19
DE2045915B2 (de) 1974-02-14
NO132084C (de) 1975-09-17
NO132084B (de) 1975-06-09
DE2045915A1 (de) 1971-04-08
GB1330908A (en) 1973-09-19

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