US3710495A - Self-loading firearms - Google Patents

Self-loading firearms Download PDF

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Publication number
US3710495A
US3710495A US00111974A US3710495DA US3710495A US 3710495 A US3710495 A US 3710495A US 00111974 A US00111974 A US 00111974A US 3710495D A US3710495D A US 3710495DA US 3710495 A US3710495 A US 3710495A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
bolt
firearm
lever
accordance
path
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00111974A
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English (en)
Inventor
N Ziegler
E Schefold
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Heckler und Koch GmbH
Original Assignee
Heckler und Koch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE19702004968 external-priority patent/DE2004968C3/de
Application filed by Heckler und Koch GmbH filed Critical Heckler und Koch GmbH
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3710495A publication Critical patent/US3710495A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A3/00—Breech mechanisms, e.g. locks
    • F41A3/64—Mounting of breech-blocks; Accessories for breech-blocks or breech-block mountings
    • F41A3/78—Bolt buffer or recuperator means
    • F41A3/82—Coil spring buffers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A19/00—Firing or trigger mechanisms; Cocking mechanisms
    • F41A19/06—Mechanical firing mechanisms, e.g. counterrecoil firing, recoil actuated firing mechanisms
    • F41A19/15—Modular firing mechanism units
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A19/00—Firing or trigger mechanisms; Cocking mechanisms
    • F41A19/06—Mechanical firing mechanisms, e.g. counterrecoil firing, recoil actuated firing mechanisms
    • F41A19/42—Mechanical firing mechanisms, e.g. counterrecoil firing, recoil actuated firing mechanisms having at least one hammer
    • F41A19/43—Mechanical firing mechanisms, e.g. counterrecoil firing, recoil actuated firing mechanisms having at least one hammer in bolt-action guns

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a self-loading firearm, particularly a small-caliber rifle, with a bolt slidably mounted in the longitudinal direction of the barrel and with a recoil spring loading the bolt.
  • the recoil spring is a compression spring which directly contacts a part of the bolt and is accordingly located in the path of the bolt.
  • the recoil spring is located behind the bolt in the extension of the barrel and therefore results in an extension of the distance between the rear end of the receiver and the rear end of the barrel.
  • the space required for this results in either an extension of the firearm and an increase in weight, which cannot be accepted in many cases, or a reduction in the overall length available for the barrel.
  • a shortened barrel can easily result in reduced accuracy.
  • the recoil springs are located in a special tube, whose axis is displaced with respect to the axis of the barrel, and the bolt is provided with a shoulder extending into this recoil spring tube.
  • a disadvantage of this arrangement is the increase in the volume and weight of the receiver.
  • this objective is accomplished in that the recoil spring is located outside the path of the bolt and is connected with the bolt by means of at least one moving intermediate member.
  • This invention enables the recoil spring to be arranged at a location in the firearm at which there is sufficient space available for this, without the recoil spring influencing the overall length or overall volume of the firearm.
  • a special advantage is that the recoil spring can have a different direction of action than the direction of travel of the bolt and that a number of possibilities therefore result for the installation of the recoil spring.
  • An additional advantage of the use of moving intermediate members is also that these intermediate mem bers and the recoil spring system can also be employed to catch the bolt, i.e. that a buffer facility does not need to be arranged in the extension of the bolt or for parts rigidly connected with the bolt, so that this also offers numerous possibilities for shortening the overall length of this type of firearm.
  • the recoil spring and the intermediate member are located in the trigger assembly housing.
  • the recoil spring which usually requires much additional space, is located within the trigger assembly housing, which is present in any event and which is designed for mounting movable members anyway and thus does not require any additional space.
  • arrangement is especially advantageous if the trigger assembly housing can be detached from the firearm as a standard unit, as the recoil spring and the intermediate member are, as is the trigger mechanism, available for maintenance after removal or after the trigger assembly housing is simply pivoted down.
  • the operative connection between the recoil spring and the bolt is then also separated without additional measures, so that after the receiver has been opened, the bolt can be readily removed from the firearm without having to bother with the more or less relieved recoil spring.
  • the intermediate member can be formed in an especially simple manner by a lever, which can be pivoted around an axis at right angles to the path of the bolt and one end of which rests against a surface of the bolt primarily at right angles to the path of the bolt.
  • a good transfer of the force of the recoil spring to the bolt results if the end of the lever engaging the bolt extends essentially parallel to the path of the bolt in the forewardmost position of the bolt and generally at right angles tothe path of the bolt in the rearmost position of the bolt.
  • the lever always engages the corresponding bolt surface in a specific manner and slides only to a limited degree on the surface of the bolt.
  • the contact surface on the bolt for the lever has at least almost symmetrical positions with respect to a plane through the lever axis and at right angles to the: path of the bolt in the extreme positions of the bolt, and if the end of the lever engaging the bolt is angled :in the direction of closing.
  • the rear face of the bolt is. particularly suited as a contact surface for the lever. It is then not necessary to provide any special contact surfaces, so that the bolt is not additionally complicated through the use of this invention.
  • the recoil spring in the firearm in accordance with the invention, it is also possible for the recoil spring to be a helical spring. Especially simple interaction with the intermediate member results when this helical spring extends parallel to a pull rod, which contacts the intermediate member and engages this pull rod, as this produces an especially favorable transfer of power to the intermediate member. It is possible to achieve an especially uniform engagement of the helical spring if such a pull rod is bracket-shaped and if the helical spring is located between the shanks of the bracket and engages a yoke connecting the ends of the shanks of the bracket, while the bridge of the bracket engages the intermediate member.
  • a pull rod of this type also enables a lever, having a fork-shaped end, to be designed in two sections connected with each other by a bridge, formed by the cross member of the bracket-shaped pull rod.
  • An especially simple embodiment of the invention results when a compression spring is employed as a recoil spring and this compression spring is located on a rod, passing through the yoke and having a stop for the compression spring on the end located between the shanks of the bracket, while its other end is anchored in a rigid bearing preferably located in a supporting relationship within the trigger assembly housing. It is then also possible to locate two or more recoil springs parallel to each other if an extremely high closing force is to be achieved in a small space.
  • FIG. 1 shows a side view of the rifle in accordance with the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a side view of the trigger assembly housing of the rifle according to FIG. I with sections of supporting members, adjacent to the front and rear of the trigger assembly housing and mounted in the rifle stock, in enlarged scale,
  • FIG. 3 shows a top view of the configuration according to FIG. '2
  • FIG. 4 shows a cross-section of the trigger assembly housing along line lV-IV in FIG. 3 and
  • FIG. 5 shows a cross-section through the configuration according to FIG. 4 along the line V-V.
  • the self-loading firearm depicted as an example in the drawing is a small caliber rifle, which could be employed particularly as a closed season rifle. It has the usual stock 1, in which the receiver 2 with the barrel 3 inserted therein is fixed. Located on the bottom of the stock 1 is the trigger 4 which is mounted in a trigger assembly housing 5 inserted into the stock from below. Inserted into the stock 1 from below in front of the trigger assembly housing 5 is a magazine well 6, in
  • This is a self-loading rifle, having a slidably mounted bolt, preferably an inertia bolt, located within the receiver 2 in the longitudinal direction of the barrel 3 in a manner not described in more detail.
  • this bolt serves to close the chamber of the barrel, to ignite the cartridge located in the chamber with the assistance of the firing pin located in the bolt, to extract and to eject theempty cartridge case after the shot is fired and to remove a new cartridge from the magazine and feed this cartridge into the chamber of the barrel.
  • the force for the forward travel of the bolt and feed of a new cartridge is supplied by a recoil spring.
  • the cartridge is ignited with the assistance of a hammer 9, which is cocked with the assistance of the bolt 8 and which can be released again by operating the trigger 4.
  • the hammer 9 then strikes the end 11 of the firing pin mounted in the bolt 8 and extending beyond the rear face 10 of the bolt.
  • the trigger assembly housing 5 forms a standard unit which can be inserted into the stock 1 of the firearm from below and which is mounted there in an easily detachable manner.
  • the trigger assembly housing 5 has a shoulder 12 at the level of the lower edge of the stock, with which the front end of the trigger assembly housing overlaps a projection 13, which overlaps for this purpose the rear end of the magazine well bolted to the stock I.
  • the section of the trigger assembly housing 5 projecting from the stock 1 of the rifle and set off by the shoulder 12 changes into a trigger guard 14, surrounding the trigger 4.
  • This trigger guard Located on both sides of the rear section of this trigger guard are two locking catches 1S, pivot mounted around a pin 16 passing laterally through the trigger guard and connected with each other by means of a cross member 17 at their ends, which extend into the stock I.
  • This cross member 17 forms a nose, which is located at the rear of the trigger assembly housing 5 and which overlaps a locking plate 18 mounted in the stock of the rifle.
  • the locking catches 15 are loaded by a compression spring 19, which is located in a hole 20 in the trigger assembly housing 5, extending at right angles to the cross member 17 of the locking catches 15, and which is in a supporting relationship with the cross member 17 of the locking catches.
  • the compression spring 19 also serves to load the trigger 4.
  • a lever 26 is also located in the trigger assembly housing 5 and acts upon the rear face 10 of the bolt 8 and is loaded by two recoil springs 27, located parallel to one another and also located in the trigger assembly housing 5
  • the lever 26 is formed by two sections which are mounted on both sides of the trigger 4 on the same pin 28 as this trigger.
  • This two sections of the lever 26 are connected to each other by a bridge 29 formed by the cross piece of a bracket, whose shanks 30 extend past decreasing diameter at its ends and whose ends engage in corresponding hooks 33 on the shanks 30 of the bracket.
  • This yoke 32 has two lateral holes which contain the guide rods 34 for the recoil springs 27. These guide rods 34 are formed by cap screws around which are located on the section extending from the head 35 to the yoke 32 the recoil springs 27 in a compression spring configuration.
  • the ends of the lever 26 rest against the rear face 10 of the bolt 8 and in this manner transmit the force of the recoil springs 27 to the bolt 8.
  • the two-section configuration of the lever 26 makes it possible to not only locate the lever 26 on the same pin as the trigger 4 in a simple manner, but also to rest the lever against the rear face 10 of the bolt 8, from which the end 1 l of the firing pin projects to enable the hammer blow ignition.
  • the two sections of the lever 26 rest against the rear face 10 of the bolt on both sides of the end of the firing pin 11 and also surround the hammer 9 so that this hammer can operate without interference from the lever 26.
  • the pin 28 for mounting the trigger and the lever 26 is located near the rear end of the trigger assembly housing 5 so that almost the entire length of the trigger assembly housing is available for locating the recoil springs 27. In this manner the space, which is free anyway and which is required anyway for the hammer spring 22, in front of the hammer 9 is utilized.
  • the recoil springs 27 extend essentially parallel to the hammer spring in the otherwise unused space above the hammer spring.
  • the arrangement is designed in such a manner that a plane, at right angles to the path of the bolt and through the pin 28 which also serves to mount the lever 26, is located approximately in the center between the positions in which the rear face 10 of the bolt 8 is located in its two extreme positions, indicated by the dotted line in FIG. 2.
  • the point 41 of the lever 26 which rests against the bolt is rounded in order to reduce wear on the end 40 of the lever as well as on the rear face 10 of the bolt 8 as much as possible when the end of the lever slides along the surface of the bolt during bolt travel.
  • the invention can be employed with hammer ignition firearms as well as with firearms containing a firing pin which is cocked and released with the assistance of the trigger mechanism. It would also be conceivable to provide similar arrangements in light automatic firearms, such as submachine guns, or normal pistols in which the recoil springs and the required intermediate members would then be located in the firearms grip. It is also conceivable to employ several intermediate members instead of only one lever. In the embodiment depicted as an example, the pull rod can even be viewed as a second intermediate member.
  • the lever 26 serves as a buffer for the reco iling bolt and in its rearmost position rests against a stop in the receiver, not described in more detail and located approximately at the level of the upper edge of the trigger assembly housing.
  • the elasticity of the lever prevents the bolt from being caught too hard. It is evident that instead of this, special buffers could also be provided against which the lever or other intermediate members participating in the bolt travel could also strike. These buffers could also then be arranged in locations which are not in the path of the bolt.
  • a self-loading firearm having a bolt located slidably in the longitudinal direction of a barrel of the firearm and a recoil spring loading the bolt, characterized in that a trigger assembly housing (5) extends into and is mounted in the firearm, the recoil spring (27) being located outside of the path of the bolt and being connected with the bolt (8) by means of at least one movable intermediate member (26), a trigger mechanism as well as the recoil spring (27 and the intermediate member (26) being located in the trigger assembly housing (5).
  • a self-loading firearm having a bolt located slidably in the longitudinal direction of a barrel of the firearm and a recoil spring loading the bolt, characterized in that the recoil spring (27) is located outside of the path of the bolt and is connected with the bolt (8) by means of at least one movable intermediate member (26), the recoil spring (27) and the intermediate member (26) being located in a trigger assembly housing arranged in the firearm, the intermediate member (26) being formed by a lever which is pivotable about an axis (28) located at right angles to the path of the bolt, and whose end (40) contacts a surface 0f the bolt (8) generally at right angles to the path of the bolt, the lever (26) resting against the rear face (10) of the bolt (8), a hammer (9) for hammer blow ignition, the lever 26) being arranged parallel to the hammer (9) and having a fork-type end, whose sections enclose between them the hammer (9) and the end of a firing pin (11) projecting out of the
  • recoil spring (27) is a helical spring, which extends parallel to a pull rod (30) engaging the intermediate member (26) and engages the pull rod.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
US00111974A 1970-02-04 1971-02-02 Self-loading firearms Expired - Lifetime US3710495A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19702004968 DE2004968C3 (de) 1970-02-04 Selbstladende Feuerwaffe

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3710495A true US3710495A (en) 1973-01-16

Family

ID=5761358

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00111974A Expired - Lifetime US3710495A (en) 1970-02-04 1971-02-02 Self-loading firearms

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US3710495A (enExample)
AT (1) AT313109B (enExample)
BE (1) BE762533A (enExample)
CH (1) CH514116A (enExample)
FR (1) FR2078165A5 (enExample)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3863375A (en) * 1973-07-13 1975-02-04 Browning Arms Co Trigger system
AU608826B2 (en) * 1987-04-20 1991-04-18 John Lee Royster Recoil system for weapons with a reciprocating breech block
US6019024A (en) * 1998-01-26 2000-02-01 Zdf Import Export, Inc. Compact operating system for automatic rifles
US6272783B1 (en) * 1998-11-17 2001-08-14 Browning International, Societe Anonyme Firing mechanism for fire arms
EP1079196A3 (en) * 1999-08-23 2002-04-10 Juan Cruz Sarriugarte Aldecoa Firing mechanism for double barrelled shotguns
US20090031605A1 (en) * 2003-08-04 2009-02-05 Rmdi, Llc Multi-caliber ambidextrously controllable firearm
US7975595B2 (en) 2004-02-13 2011-07-12 Rmdi, Llc Firearm
US10222161B2 (en) * 2016-05-06 2019-03-05 In Ovation Llc Trigger Assembly
IT202100026654A1 (it) * 2021-10-18 2023-04-18 Fabbrica Darmi Pietro Beretta S P A Fucile con gruppo di recupero

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US846591A (en) * 1905-03-20 1907-03-12 Winchester Repeating Arms Co Automatic firearm.
US962223A (en) * 1909-04-24 1910-06-21 Richard E Jeffery Firearm.
US1322053A (en) * 1919-11-18 Eirearm
US3363351A (en) * 1967-03-30 1968-01-16 Melvin A. Smith Bolt assembly for firearm

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1322053A (en) * 1919-11-18 Eirearm
US846591A (en) * 1905-03-20 1907-03-12 Winchester Repeating Arms Co Automatic firearm.
US962223A (en) * 1909-04-24 1910-06-21 Richard E Jeffery Firearm.
US3363351A (en) * 1967-03-30 1968-01-16 Melvin A. Smith Bolt assembly for firearm

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3863375A (en) * 1973-07-13 1975-02-04 Browning Arms Co Trigger system
AU608826B2 (en) * 1987-04-20 1991-04-18 John Lee Royster Recoil system for weapons with a reciprocating breech block
US6019024A (en) * 1998-01-26 2000-02-01 Zdf Import Export, Inc. Compact operating system for automatic rifles
US6272783B1 (en) * 1998-11-17 2001-08-14 Browning International, Societe Anonyme Firing mechanism for fire arms
EP1079196A3 (en) * 1999-08-23 2002-04-10 Juan Cruz Sarriugarte Aldecoa Firing mechanism for double barrelled shotguns
ES2170609A1 (es) * 1999-08-23 2002-08-01 Aldecoa Juan Cruz Sarriugarte Mecanismo de disparo para escopetas de cañones paralelos.
US20090031605A1 (en) * 2003-08-04 2009-02-05 Rmdi, Llc Multi-caliber ambidextrously controllable firearm
US7975595B2 (en) 2004-02-13 2011-07-12 Rmdi, Llc Firearm
US10222161B2 (en) * 2016-05-06 2019-03-05 In Ovation Llc Trigger Assembly
IT202100026654A1 (it) * 2021-10-18 2023-04-18 Fabbrica Darmi Pietro Beretta S P A Fucile con gruppo di recupero
EP4166890A1 (en) * 2021-10-18 2023-04-19 Fabbrica d'Armi Pietro Beretta S.p.A. Rifle with recoil group
US11774198B2 (en) 2021-10-18 2023-10-03 Fabbrica D'armi Pietro Beretta S.P.A. Rifle with recoil group

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2078165A5 (enExample) 1971-11-05
CH514116A (de) 1971-10-15
DE2004968A1 (de) 1971-08-12
DE2004968B2 (de) 1976-07-29
AT313109B (de) 1974-02-11
BE762533A (fr) 1971-07-16

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