US3705818A - Methods of coating rubbing surfaces and elements comprising such surfaces - Google Patents

Methods of coating rubbing surfaces and elements comprising such surfaces Download PDF

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Publication number
US3705818A
US3705818A US889569A US3705818DA US3705818A US 3705818 A US3705818 A US 3705818A US 889569 A US889569 A US 889569A US 3705818D A US3705818D A US 3705818DA US 3705818 A US3705818 A US 3705818A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
layer
sub
coating
wear
envelope
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US889569A
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English (en)
Inventor
Albert Grosseau
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Automobiles Citroen SA
United States Steel Corp
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Automobiles Citroen SA
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Automobiles Citroen SA filed Critical Automobiles Citroen SA
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Publication of US3705818A publication Critical patent/US3705818A/en
Assigned to USX CORPORATION, A CORP. OF DE reassignment USX CORPORATION, A CORP. OF DE MERGER (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: UNITED STATES STEEL CORPORATION (MERGED INTO)
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B53/00—Internal-combustion aspects of rotary-piston or oscillating-piston engines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
    • C23C4/06—Metallic material
    • C23C4/067—Metallic material containing free particles of non-metal elements, e.g. carbon, silicon, boron, phosphorus or arsenic
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B2730/00—Internal-combustion engines with pistons rotating or oscillating with relation to the housing
    • F02B2730/09—Arrangements or specially formed elements for engines according to the preceding groups
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to methods of coating rubbing surfaces, especially internal surfaces of crankcasing envelopes, for rotary piston engine, constituted of light alloy and to the elements comprising such surfaces.
  • a rubbing surface element especially a crankcasing envelope, of light alloy, for a rotary piston engine, of which the inner surface constitutes the said rubbing surface, said element being adapted so that the abovesaid rubbing surface is covered by a metallic sub-layer and of suitable thickness for obtaining the required resistance to contact pressures and the said sub-layer being covered with a thin wear-resistant coating and characterized in that the metallic sub-layer is constituted by an alloy of carbon steel and a compound of nickel aluminides NiAl and Ni Al of which the proportions by volume may vary from substantially to 70% for steel and, complementarily, from substantially 10% to 30% for the compound of nickel aluminides.
  • the thickness of the metallic sub-layer is generally comprised between 0.20 and 0.80 mm.
  • the invention consists, apart from these principal features, in certain other features which are employed preferably at the same time and which will be more specifically described below.
  • the inner surface 2 is machined to dimensions in the neighbourhood of the final dimensions. Then there is deposited firstly, by projection in an oxy-acetylene flame or a plasma flame, onto the inner surface 2, a metallic sub-layer 3, adherent hard and of a thickness 5 suited to obtaining the required resistance to contact pressures. According to the invention, the materials are sprayed simultaneously by at least two guns.
  • the said materials are constituted by steel containing, by weight, from 0.10% to 0.60% of carbon, and by a mixture of powdered nickel and aluminium combining to form nickel aluminides (NiAl, Ni Al) which are alloyed with the carbon steel and give a product having, in addition to its resistance properties to contact pressures, improved properties of wear resistance and of rubbing which render it suitable to make up, to a certain extent, the thin wear resistant coating in the event of deterioration of the latter.
  • this layer 3 by chemical means such as electrolytic means a thin wearresistant coating 4 on which it then suflices to effect a slight finishing to obtain the final dimension and surface condition desired.
  • a thin binding film 6 formed either of nickel aluminides (NiAl and Ni Al) obtained by spraying separately the mixture of nickel and aluminum powders, or of molybdenum.
  • NiAl and Ni Al nickel aluminides
  • This projection of molten metal on the surface 2, also called metallisation is generally effected by means of a oxy-acetylene flame gun, supplied with a wire of the metal to be sprayed, or by means of a plasma flame gun, fed by a wire or by a mixture of powders of the metals to be projected.
  • Means are provided to ensure a relative movement between the envelope 1 and the assembly of spray-guns so as to cause the whole of the surface to be covered to pass before the one or more guns and to ensure thus a substantially uniform deposit over the whole surface.
  • the discharge rates of metal projected from each gun are adjusted in the ratio of the desired proportions for the sublayer 3.
  • These proportions may vary by volume from 90% to 70% of steel contained by weight from 0.10% to 0.60% carbon and, complementarily, from 10% to 30% of nickel and aluminium powders mixed in substantially equal parts.
  • the sub-layer 3, obtained rapidly by metallisation is finally porous, which favours the attachment of the wearresistant layer subsequently deposited, on the said sublayer, by chemical means such as electrolytic means.
  • the said sub-layer After cooling the envelope to ambient temperature which causes the appearance of a prestressing in the sublayer 3 by reason of the different coefficients of expansion for the envelope 1 and the sub-layer 3, the said sub-layer is corrected before receiving the thin wear-resistant layer 4.
  • This wear resistant layer 4 is advantageously constituted by a deposit of nickel or of cobalt, favourable to the sliding of the piston segments.
  • the thickness of the coating 4 varies between 0.02 and 0.1 mm. Although the deposits by chemical means are effected in relatively slow manner, the slight thickness of the coating renders the duration of the operation acceptable.
  • the deposit constituting the wear-resistant layer 4 may be made to include particles of material insoluble in the chemical bath such as the electrolytic bath, used for obtaining the deposit. These particles are of variable dimensions, comprised preferably between 0.02a (microns) and 400 and are selected so as to confer on the wear-resistant layer 4 supplementary properties of hardness and/or of friction.
  • the coating thus obtained has numerous advantages.
  • the metallic sub-layer 3 ensures a hard and solid seating for the coating 4 which resists prefectly contact pressures and thus enables said coating 4 to last much longer than if it had itself to sustain these stresses alone.
  • the spraying of the sublayer at a temperature of the order of 180 C. neighbouring those of the operating conditions, there are reduced precisely those stresses which could appear in the sublayer, on operation, as result of differences between the coefiicients of expansion of the envelope and of the sublayer.
  • the composition of the metallic sub-layer 3 is such that in the case of the deterioration of the thin wear-resistant coating 4 the sliding of the segments of cast iron on the said layer 3 remains satisfactory and the coefficient of friction of the said segments on the sublayer 3 is slight.
  • the method according to the invention responds therefore well to the object which it is designed to achieve and enables the obtaining in a simple, eco nomical and rapid manner of a rubbing surface coating, especially for rotary piston engine crank-casing envelopes, which is highly resistant to wear.
  • the invention is in no way limited to those of its methods of application, nor to those of its methods of production of its various parts, which have been more particularly contemplated; it embraces, on
  • the thin wear-resistant coating comprises particles of material insoluble in the bath used for obtaining the said coating, the said particles having a diameter of 0.02;; to 400 1.
  • crank-casing envelopes for rotary piston engines, constituted of light alloy, as claimed in claim 6, wherein there is interposed, between the inner surface of the envelope and the sub-layer, a thin film of molybdenum or of nickel aluminides to improve the attachment of the sub-layer.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
  • Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
  • Pistons, Piston Rings, And Cylinders (AREA)
  • Chemical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
US889569A 1968-12-31 1969-12-31 Methods of coating rubbing surfaces and elements comprising such surfaces Expired - Lifetime US3705818A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR182897 1968-12-31

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3705818A true US3705818A (en) 1972-12-12

Family

ID=8659815

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US889569A Expired - Lifetime US3705818A (en) 1968-12-31 1969-12-31 Methods of coating rubbing surfaces and elements comprising such surfaces

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US3705818A (es)
JP (1) JPS502853B1 (es)
DE (1) DE1965754A1 (es)
ES (1) ES374366A1 (es)
FR (1) FR1600297A (es)
GB (1) GB1262570A (es)

Cited By (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3779720A (en) * 1971-11-17 1973-12-18 Chromalloy American Corp Plasma sprayed titanium carbide tool steel coating
US3833321A (en) * 1973-07-05 1974-09-03 Ford Motor Co Wear-resistant coating for rotary engine side housing and method of making
US3833320A (en) * 1973-07-05 1974-09-03 Ford Motor Co Coating for apex seals of rotary engines and method of making
US3836394A (en) * 1971-07-29 1974-09-17 Alusuisse Method of manufacture of a conductor rail
US3837894A (en) * 1972-05-22 1974-09-24 Union Carbide Corp Process for producing a corrosion resistant duplex coating
US3851627A (en) * 1972-05-16 1974-12-03 Toyo Kogyo Co Rotor housing structure for rotary piston engine
US3853602A (en) * 1971-12-03 1974-12-10 Nippon Piston Ring Co Ltd Sliding member
US3886637A (en) * 1971-11-17 1975-06-03 Chromalloy American Corp Method of producing heat treatable titanium carbide tool steel coatings on cylinders of internal combustion engines
US3888746A (en) * 1974-01-04 1975-06-10 Ford Motor Co Method of providing an intermediate steel layer for chrome plating on rotor housings
US3890069A (en) * 1973-07-05 1975-06-17 Ford Motor Co Coating for rotary engine rotor housings and method of making
US3918137A (en) * 1973-07-05 1975-11-11 Ford Motor Co Wear-resistant coating for rotary engine side housing and method of making
US3920360A (en) * 1974-05-30 1975-11-18 Gen Motors Corp Aluminum-iron composite rotor housing for a rotary combustion engine and method of making the same
US3981688A (en) * 1973-07-05 1976-09-21 Ford Motor Company Coating for rotary engine rotor housings and method of making
US4044589A (en) * 1973-07-20 1977-08-30 Vandervell Products Limited Rotary piston machines
US4080122A (en) * 1974-07-06 1978-03-21 Klockner-Humboldt-Deutz Aktiengesellschaft Displacement pump, especially cell pump, for compressing gaseous media
US4099490A (en) * 1972-02-01 1978-07-11 Daimler-Benz Aktiengesellschaft Method for producing a housing casing for a rotary piston internal combustion engine
US4715799A (en) * 1985-04-25 1987-12-29 Wankel Gmbh Composite construction of casing for rotary piston engine
US6250900B1 (en) * 1999-11-15 2001-06-26 Sauer-Danfoss Inc. Positive displacement hydraulic unit with near-zero side clearance
US20060153722A1 (en) * 2004-12-18 2006-07-13 Luk Fahrzeug-Hydraulik Gmbh & Co. Kg Pump with side surface coating
US20070259199A1 (en) * 2003-05-14 2007-11-08 Volker Arnhold Oil pump
US20090068495A1 (en) * 2007-09-06 2009-03-12 Dembowski Thaddeus J Methods and Systems for Re-Metallizing Weld Area in Steel Electrical Conduit
US20150017044A1 (en) * 2012-02-08 2015-01-15 Eads Deutschland Gmbh Rotary piston engine and method for producing a rotary piston engine
US11333068B1 (en) * 2021-03-23 2022-05-17 Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. Side wall for rotary engine housing

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4040975A1 (de) * 1990-12-20 1992-06-25 Audi Ag Verfahren zum herstellen eines zylinderblockes

Cited By (24)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3836394A (en) * 1971-07-29 1974-09-17 Alusuisse Method of manufacture of a conductor rail
US3886637A (en) * 1971-11-17 1975-06-03 Chromalloy American Corp Method of producing heat treatable titanium carbide tool steel coatings on cylinders of internal combustion engines
US3779720A (en) * 1971-11-17 1973-12-18 Chromalloy American Corp Plasma sprayed titanium carbide tool steel coating
US3853602A (en) * 1971-12-03 1974-12-10 Nippon Piston Ring Co Ltd Sliding member
US4099490A (en) * 1972-02-01 1978-07-11 Daimler-Benz Aktiengesellschaft Method for producing a housing casing for a rotary piston internal combustion engine
US3851627A (en) * 1972-05-16 1974-12-03 Toyo Kogyo Co Rotor housing structure for rotary piston engine
US3837894A (en) * 1972-05-22 1974-09-24 Union Carbide Corp Process for producing a corrosion resistant duplex coating
US3981688A (en) * 1973-07-05 1976-09-21 Ford Motor Company Coating for rotary engine rotor housings and method of making
US3890069A (en) * 1973-07-05 1975-06-17 Ford Motor Co Coating for rotary engine rotor housings and method of making
US3918137A (en) * 1973-07-05 1975-11-11 Ford Motor Co Wear-resistant coating for rotary engine side housing and method of making
US3833320A (en) * 1973-07-05 1974-09-03 Ford Motor Co Coating for apex seals of rotary engines and method of making
US3833321A (en) * 1973-07-05 1974-09-03 Ford Motor Co Wear-resistant coating for rotary engine side housing and method of making
US4044589A (en) * 1973-07-20 1977-08-30 Vandervell Products Limited Rotary piston machines
US3888746A (en) * 1974-01-04 1975-06-10 Ford Motor Co Method of providing an intermediate steel layer for chrome plating on rotor housings
US3920360A (en) * 1974-05-30 1975-11-18 Gen Motors Corp Aluminum-iron composite rotor housing for a rotary combustion engine and method of making the same
US4080122A (en) * 1974-07-06 1978-03-21 Klockner-Humboldt-Deutz Aktiengesellschaft Displacement pump, especially cell pump, for compressing gaseous media
US4715799A (en) * 1985-04-25 1987-12-29 Wankel Gmbh Composite construction of casing for rotary piston engine
US6250900B1 (en) * 1999-11-15 2001-06-26 Sauer-Danfoss Inc. Positive displacement hydraulic unit with near-zero side clearance
US20070259199A1 (en) * 2003-05-14 2007-11-08 Volker Arnhold Oil pump
US20060153722A1 (en) * 2004-12-18 2006-07-13 Luk Fahrzeug-Hydraulik Gmbh & Co. Kg Pump with side surface coating
US8066497B2 (en) * 2004-12-18 2011-11-29 Luk Fahrzeug-Hydraulik Gmbh & Co. Kg Pump with side surface coating
US20090068495A1 (en) * 2007-09-06 2009-03-12 Dembowski Thaddeus J Methods and Systems for Re-Metallizing Weld Area in Steel Electrical Conduit
US20150017044A1 (en) * 2012-02-08 2015-01-15 Eads Deutschland Gmbh Rotary piston engine and method for producing a rotary piston engine
US11333068B1 (en) * 2021-03-23 2022-05-17 Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. Side wall for rotary engine housing

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1262570A (en) 1972-02-02
ES374366A1 (es) 1972-04-01
JPS502853B1 (es) 1975-01-29
FR1600297A (es) 1970-07-20
DE1965754A1 (de) 1970-09-17

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Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: USX CORPORATION, A CORP. OF DE, STATELESS

Free format text: MERGER;ASSIGNOR:UNITED STATES STEEL CORPORATION (MERGED INTO);REEL/FRAME:005060/0960

Effective date: 19880112