US3705797A - Fixing process for photoelectrophoretic imaging - Google Patents

Fixing process for photoelectrophoretic imaging Download PDF

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US3705797A
US3705797A US12364A US3705797DA US3705797A US 3705797 A US3705797 A US 3705797A US 12364 A US12364 A US 12364A US 3705797D A US3705797D A US 3705797DA US 3705797 A US3705797 A US 3705797A
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image
thermo
layer
electrode
imaging
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Vsevolod S Mihajlov
Leonard M Carreira
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Xerox Corp
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Xerox Corp
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/22—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern involving the combination of more than one step according to groups G03G13/02 - G03G13/20
    • G03G15/24—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern involving the combination of more than one step according to groups G03G13/02 - G03G13/20 whereby at least two steps are performed simultaneously
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G13/00—Electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G13/14—Transferring a pattern to a second base
    • G03G13/16—Transferring a pattern to a second base of a toner pattern, e.g. a powder pattern
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G13/00—Electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G13/20—Fixing, e.g. by using heat
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/14—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for transferring a pattern to a second base
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/14—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for transferring a pattern to a second base
    • G03G15/16—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for transferring a pattern to a second base of a toner pattern, e.g. a powder pattern, e.g. magnetic transfer
    • G03G15/1695—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for transferring a pattern to a second base of a toner pattern, e.g. a powder pattern, e.g. magnetic transfer with means for preconditioning the paper base before the transfer
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/20—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for fixing, e.g. by using heat
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G17/00—Electrographic processes using patterns other than charge patterns, e.g. an electric conductivity pattern; Processes involving a migration, e.g. photoelectrophoresis, photoelectrosolography; Processes involving a selective transfer, e.g. electrophoto-adhesive processes; Apparatus essentially involving a single such process
    • G03G17/04—Electrographic processes using patterns other than charge patterns, e.g. an electric conductivity pattern; Processes involving a migration, e.g. photoelectrophoresis, photoelectrosolography; Processes involving a selective transfer, e.g. electrophoto-adhesive processes; Apparatus essentially involving a single such process using photoelectrophoresis
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G17/00—Electrographic processes using patterns other than charge patterns, e.g. an electric conductivity pattern; Processes involving a migration, e.g. photoelectrophoresis, photoelectrosolography; Processes involving a selective transfer, e.g. electrophoto-adhesive processes; Apparatus essentially involving a single such process
    • G03G17/10—Electrographic processes using patterns other than charge patterns, e.g. an electric conductivity pattern; Processes involving a migration, e.g. photoelectrophoresis, photoelectrosolography; Processes involving a selective transfer, e.g. electrophoto-adhesive processes; Apparatus essentially involving a single such process using migration imaging, e.g. photoelectrosolography
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G7/00—Selection of materials for use in image-receiving members, i.e. for reversal by physical contact; Manufacture thereof

Definitions

  • An essential component of the system is the suspended particles which must be electrically photosensitive and which apparently undergo a net change in charge polarity upon exposure to activating electromagnetic radiation, through interaction with one of the electrodes.
  • particles of a single color may be used, producing a single colored image equivalent to conventional black-and-white photography.
  • the images are produced in natural color because mixtures of particles of two or more different colors which are each sensitive only to light of a specific wave-length or narrow range of wave-lengths are used. Particles used in this system must have both intense and pure colors and be highly photosensitive.
  • the electrodes are separated and the carrier liquid is allowed to evaporate. This leaves images on one or both of the electrodes made up of selectively deposited particles.
  • the carrier liquid may contain a small proportion of a wax or other binder which would serve to bind the particles together in the images. However, if more than a very small amount of binder material is used, undesirable interference with the imaging process takes place. Thus, the images are at this time in a fragile and easily damaged condition. It has been suggested that a transparent sheet be laminated over the images, or a transparent binder resin be sprayed over the images to form a protective coating. While, when carefully done, these techniques will protect the image, the image is often damaged during the application of the protective mate- 3,705,797 Patented Dec.
  • thermoadhesive layer which when brought into contact with an electrophoretic particulate image in a softened state, will permit the particles to be embedded in the layer and be permanently held by the layer when it is permitted to reharden.
  • This thermo-adhesive layer may be coated on the electrode upon which an image is to be formed. After the image is formed, the thermo-adhesive layer is softened and the image is pressed against the layer, thereby em bedding the particles therein. When the thermo-adhesive is permitted to reharden, the particles are permanently set therein and are thereby protected against damage from contact with other objects.
  • thermoadhesive layer may be coated on a receiving sheet. After an electrophoretic image is formed on an electrode, the receiving sheet is heated to soften the thermo-adhesive and brought into contact with the image. The adhesive picks up the particulate image and when rehardened provides a protective image matrix.
  • FIG. 1 shows a side view of a simple exemplary system for carrying out the process of this invention wherein a thermo-adhesive image fixing layer is coated on the imaging electrode;
  • FIG. 2 shows a simple exemplary receiving sheet capable of accepting transfer of an electrophoretic particulate image from an imaging electrode
  • FIG. 3 shows a continuous system for forming, transferring and fixing electrophoretic particulate images.
  • a transparent electrode generally designated 1 which, in this exemplary instance, is made up of a layer of optically transparent glass 2 overcoated with a thin optically transparent layer 3 of tin oxide, commercially available under the name NESA glass.
  • This electrode will hereafter be referred to as the injecting electrode.
  • a layer of a thermo-adhesive material 13 coated on, for example, a conductive cellophane film; layer 13 is capable of becoming tacky when heated by infrared lamp schematically shown at 14.
  • thermo-adhesive layer 13 Over the solidified thermo-adhesive layer 13 is coated a thin layer 4 of finely divided photosensitive particles dispersed in an insulating liquid carrer.
  • photosenstive for the purposes of this application, refers to the properties of a particle which, once attracted to the injecting electrode, will migrate away from it under the influence of an applied electric field when it is exposed to activating electromagnetic radiation.
  • a second electrode 5 Adjacent to the liquid suspension 4 is a second electrode 5, hereinafter called the blocking electrode, which is connected to one side of the potential source 6 through a switch 7.
  • the opposite side of potential source 6 is connected to the injecting electrode 1 so that when switch 7 is closed, an electric field is applied across the liquid suspension 4 and thermoadhesive layer 13 between electrodes 1 and 5.
  • An image projector made up of a light source 8, a transparency 9, and a lens 10 is provided to expose the dispersion 4 to a light image of the original transparency 9 to be reproduced.
  • Electrode is made in the form of a roller having a conductive central core 11 connected to the potential source 6. The core is covered with a layer of a blocking electrode material 12, which may be, for example, baryta paper.
  • the pigment suspension is exposed to the image to be reproduced while a potential is ap plied across the blocking and injecting electrodes by closiug switch 7.
  • Roller 5 is caused to roll across the top surface of injecting electrode 1 with switch 7 closed during the period of image exposure.
  • This light exposure causes exposed pigment particles originally attracted to electrode 1 to migrate through the liquid and adhere to the surface of the blocking electrode, leaving behind a pigment image on the surface of the thermo-adhesive layer 13 which is a duplicate of the original transparency 9.
  • Particles adhering to the surface of a blocking electrode 5 may be cleaned therefrom and the exposure steps repeated, if desired.
  • the additional steps of exposing and cleaning the blocking electrode have been found to increase color purity and color balance.
  • the relatively volatile carrier liquid evaporates off, leaving behind the pigment image.
  • the pigment pigment image is very susceptible to damage by contact with any object since it consists of, in effect, loosely held particles.
  • the image may be fixed or set by heating the thermo-aclhesive layer 13, as by infrared lamp 14. Heating the thermo-adhesive layer causes it to become tacky as further explained below and causes the image particles to be embedded therein.
  • the thermo-adhesive layer is allowed to harden and may then be stripped from the injecting electrode and handled without fear of smudging or other damage from surface contact.
  • the pigment suspension 4 may be coated directly on the NESA glass surface 13, omitting the intermediate thermo-adhesive layer 13.
  • a particulate image remains on the NESA glass surface.
  • the particulate image may then be transferred to a receiving sheet such as is shown in FIG. 2.
  • This receiving sheet comprises a base layer 15 which may be paper, cellophane, or other suitable materials.
  • a layer of a thermo-adhesive material 16 the same as layer 13 discussed above. This layer may be made tacky by heating by contact, or by infrared radiation, and be brought into contact with the particulate image on the electrode. 1.
  • the solidified thermoadhesive layer may be brough into contact with the particulate image and then heated. In either case, the particles become embedded in the thermo-adhesive layer and are tired t erein hen the l y r s allcwsd t9 reharden. Th
  • receiving sheet is then removed from the injecting electrode and may be handled in any conventional manner.
  • FIG. 3 shows an exemplary system for continuously forming a photoelectrophoretic image, transferring the image to a receiving sheet and fixing the image thereon.
  • the transparent electrode 1 and the blocking electrodes are the same as in the above-discussed embodiment of FIG. 1.
  • a tractor 18 is coupled to the blocking electrode 5 to automatically transfer and fix the positive image formed on the NESA glass surface 3.
  • the tractor 18 comprises a frame 19 which supports the blocking electrode 5 and image transfer means for movement across the imaging surface.
  • the transfer means consists of a continuous web 20 of transfer material, e.g. paper, on which is coated a thermo-adhesive layer.
  • the web is mounted on supply roller 21 and is adapted to pass in contact with heating guide roller 22 and cooling guide roller 23 on its way to take-up roller 24.
  • Heating guide roller 22 is provided with internal heating means capable of heating the thermo-adhesive layer above its softening temperature as it passes said roller.
  • This heating means schematically shown at 25 may comprise any conventional means, e.g. a pipe admitting steam to the interior of the roller, electrical resistance heating means connected to a power supply or Peltier junction heating means connected to a power supply.
  • Cooling guide roller 23 is supplied with coolant sufiicient to cool the thermo-adhesive below its softening point as it passes said roller.
  • the cooling means, schematically shown at 26, may comprise any conventional means, e.g.
  • a tri-mix 4 is applied to the transparent electrode 1.
  • the tri-mix is exposed to an image and the tractor and blocking electrode are moved from left to right across the imaging surface. As the blocking electrode passes the imaging surface, unwanted particles migrate to the blocking electrode surface leaving a positive particulate image on the NESA .glass surface 3.
  • the tractor reaches the NESA surface web 20 contacts the NESA surface 3 without relative movement with respect thereto.
  • the thermo-adhesive surface on web 20 is softened by heat applied at roller 22. The particulate image becomes embedded in the softened surface of the thermoadhesive layer.
  • thermo-adhesive passes cooling roller 23, it is rehardened and wound up on takeup roll 24'.
  • brush 27 cleans unwanted pigment from the surface of blocking electrode 5.
  • the tractor is then raised slightly and returned to the starting position without again contacting the transparent electrode surface.
  • the dashed line 28 schematically indicates the path taken by axle 29 of the roller electrode during the imaging and return movements.
  • the device is capable of continuously forming, transferring, fixing and storing photoelectrophoretic images.
  • thermo-adhesive layers 13 and 16 as described above may comprise any suitable materials. The only requirements are that they be solid at room temperatures and be capable of softening and becoming tacky at rea sonably elevated temperatures. When the layer is to be coated directly on the injecting electrode surface, there is the further requirement that they have proper conductive characteristics. Where the thermo-adhesive layer is coated on the blocking electrode surface the layer should have a resistivity between 10 and 10 ohm centimeters.
  • the thermoadhesive layer preferably comprises a binder material and a thermo-solvent for the binder.
  • thermo-solvent comprises a material that is solid at room temperature and melts slightly above room temperature, thereby causing the binder-solvent layer to be tacky and permit particles in contact therewith to be embedded therein.
  • the thermo-adhesive layer should be transparent.
  • Any suitable mixture of binder resin and thermosolvent may be used in the process of this invention.
  • Optimum results have been obtained with mixtures of Vinylite VYNS, a vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer, available from Union Carbide Corporation, and Santolite MHP, an aryl sulfonamide-formaldehyde copolymer available from Monsanto; polyvinylpyrrolidone-vinylacetate copolymer and Santolite MHP, and Vinylite VYHO and Aroclor 4465, a blend of chlorinated biphenyls and chlorinated triphenyls.
  • the preferred-formulation is, a mixture of 1 part by weight EXON-470, a vinylchloride-vinylacetate copolymer available from Firestone, about 1 part by weight Santicizer 1-H, a sulfonimide resin available from Monsanto, dissolved in about parts acetone.
  • This formulation is preferably coated to a thickness of about 0.5 mil and dried. Any other suitable mixture of binder resin and thermosolvent may be used.
  • Typical binder resin materials include polyethylenes, polystyrenes, copolymers of vinylchloride and vinylacetate, copolymers of 'vinylpyrrolidione and vinylacetate, polyvinyl methacrylates, polyvinyl propylene, polyvinylchloride, cellulose acetate, chlorinated rubber, and mixtures and copolymers thereof.
  • thermosolvents having melting points slightly above room temperature include (with melting temperatures in parentheses) triphenyl phosphate (48 C.); dicyclohexyl phthalate (63 C.); diphenyl phthalate (69 C.); Aroclor 5442 (4652 C.) a chlorinated polyphenyl available from Monsanto; Santicizer 3 (58 C.), N-ethyl-p-toluenesulfonamide, available from Monsanto; Santolite MHP (62 C.) a sulfonamideformaldehyde resin available from Monsanto; Santicizer 1-H (82 C.) N-cyclohexyl-ptoluenesulfonarnide, available from Monsanto; acenaphthene (94 C.) acetanilide (113 C.); o-acetoacetotoluidide (105 0.); o-acetotoluidide (101 C.); o-chlor
  • thermo-solvent Any suitable ratio of binder to thermo-solvent may be used. Ratios of from 0.5 to 4 parts binder resin for each part of thermo-solvent may be used. For optimum results, a ratio of binder resin to thermo-solvent of about 1:1 is preferred. This ratio may vary depending upon the particular binder resin and thermo-solvent selected.
  • the thickness of the thermo-adhesi-ve layer should preferably be between 0.1 and 4 mils. The optimum balance between effective transfer and economy of materials has been found to occur with a thermo-adhesive thickness of about 0.5 mil.
  • thermoadhesive layers to fix and/or transfer electrophoretic images.
  • the parts and percentages are by weight unless otherwise indicated.
  • the examples below are intended to illustrate various preferred embodiments of the electrophoretic image fixing and transferring process of this invention.
  • thermo-adhesive layer may be placed on the NESA glass substrate, or on the blocking electrode surface, or on a separate receiving sheet such as shown in FIG. 2.
  • the NESA glass surface is connected in series with a switch, a potential source, and a conductive center of a roller having a coating of baryta paper on its surface.
  • the roller is approximately 2% inches in diameter and is moved across the plate surface at about 1.45 centimeters per second.
  • the plate employed is roughly 3 inches square and is exposed with a light intensity. of 8,000foot candles as measured on the uncoated NESA glass surface.
  • EXAMPLE I Equal parts by weight of Vinylite V YNS, a vinylchloride vinylacetate copolymer available from Union Carbide Corporation and Santolite MHP, an aryl 'sulfonirnide formaldehyde copolymer available from Monsanto are mixed in an acetone solvent and coated to a thickness of about 10 microns on a cellophane film which is placed on the NESA glass substrate.
  • a tri-mix comprising a cyan pigment, Monolite Fast Blue GS, the alpha form of metal free phthalocyanine, C.I. No.
  • thermo-adhesive softens with an infrared lamp.
  • a roller having a fluorocarbon coated surface is rolled across the th'ermo-adhesive layer to press the particulate image into the thermo-adhesive surface. The heating is then stopped and the thermo-adhesive surface is allowed to reharden.
  • EXAMPLE 11 Equal portions of a vinyl pyrrolidone-vinylacetate copolymer is mixed with Santolite MH'P in an acetone solvent condition. The solution is coated onto a baryta paper blocking electrode surface to a thickness of about 10 microns and allowed to harden thereon. A tri-mix is prepared, comprising a cyan pigment, Cyan Blue GTNF, the beta form of copper phthalocyanine, C.I. No.
  • roller is rolled across the NESA surface picking up and embedding the image particles therefrom.
  • the thermo-adhesive is allowed to re-harden.
  • 'Ihe baryta paper carrying the pigment containing adhesive layer is removed from the roller electrode and examined. An image of excellent quality with a tough, abrasion resistant surface is seen.
  • EXAMPLE III Equal proportions of Vinylite VYNS and Aroclor 4465, a blend of chlorinated bi-phenyls and chlorinated triphenyls, available from Monsanto, is dissolved in acetone and the solution is coated onto a paper sheet to a thickness of about 5 microns. A tri-mix is prepared as in Example 11 above and is coated on the NESA glass substrate. An image is produced thereon as in Example I above. The thermo-adhesive coated sheet is heated by placing it on a platen held at about 90 C. When the thermo-adhesive has reached a tacky state, it is removed from the platen and pressed down on the particulate image on the NESA sheet. Upon removal of the sheet and rehardening of the thermo-adhesive, an excellent image is seen with a hard abrasion resistant surface.
  • EXAMPLE IV Equal proportions of EXON 470, and Santicize r l-H are dissolved in acetone and the soltuion is coated onto a long paper web and allowed to dry. The web is wound on a roller and placed in a device such as shown in FIG. 3. A tri-mix prepared as in Example I is coated onto the NESA glass electrode. An image is produced as in Example I. Unwanted pigment particles migrate to the blocking electrode and are removed therewith, leaving a particulate image remaining on the NESA surface. As the tractor passes over the NESA plate, the particulate image is pressed into the heated thermo-adhesive surface. As the paper web is wound past the cooled roller, the thermoadhesive hardens, resulting in a tough image surface which can be wound onto the takeup roller. The imaging operations may then be repeated without delay.
  • thermo-adhesive layer Although specific components and proportions have been stated in the above description of preferred embodiments of the thermo-adhesive layer, other suitable materials, as listed above, may be used with similar results.
  • other materials may be added to the mixture to synergize, enhance, or otherwise modify its properties.
  • whiteners may be added to the thermoadhe'sive to brighten the image, especially where an inex-v pensive grade of paper is used for transfer.
  • additives may be included to increase the conductivity of the layer as desired.
  • said resinous binder thermo-solvent layer comprises from about 0.5 to about 4 parts resin based on one part thermo-solvent.
  • said resinous binder is selected from the group consisting of a vinylchloridevinylacetate copolymer and a vinylpyrrolidone-vinylacetate copolymer.
  • thermo-solvent is selected from the group consisting of an aryl sulfonamide-formaldehyde copolymer and -a blend of chlorinated biphenyls and chlorinated triphenyls.
  • said resinous binder thermo-solvent layer comprises from about 0.5 to about 4 parts resin based on one part thermo-solvent.
  • said resinous binder is selected from the group consisting of a vinylchloridevinylacetate copolymer, and a vinylpyrrolidone-vinylacetate copolymer.
  • thermo-solvent is selected from the group consisting of an aryl sulfonamide-formaldehyde copolymer and a blend of chlorinated' biphenyls and chlorinated triphenyls.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Photoreceptors In Electrophotography (AREA)
  • Optical Filters (AREA)
  • Thermal Transfer Or Thermal Recording In General (AREA)
  • Electrostatic Separation (AREA)
  • Electrostatic Charge, Transfer And Separation In Electrography (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Biological Materials (AREA)
US12364A 1965-05-28 1970-02-18 Fixing process for photoelectrophoretic imaging Expired - Lifetime US3705797A (en)

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US45986065A 1965-05-28 1965-05-28
US67770666A 1966-10-24 1966-10-24
US67770767A 1967-10-24 1967-10-24
US67770667A 1967-10-24 1967-10-24
US1236470A 1970-02-18 1970-02-18
US1236670A 1970-02-18 1970-02-18

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US3849132A (en) * 1973-01-04 1974-11-19 Xerox Corp Photoelectrophoretic imaging method employing a chromogenic reaction
US4023968A (en) * 1972-10-25 1977-05-17 Xerox Corporation Photoelectrophoretic color imaging process in which back migration is eliminated
US4069047A (en) * 1975-06-27 1978-01-17 Xerox Corporation Transfer of photoelectrophoretic images
EP0038174A2 (en) * 1980-04-10 1981-10-21 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Process of forming a magnetic toner resist using a transfer member

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JPS4868233A (xx) * 1971-12-18 1973-09-18
JPS4875240A (xx) * 1972-01-12 1973-10-11
US4245555A (en) * 1978-09-11 1981-01-20 Research Laboratories Of Australia Pty Limited Electrostatic transfer process for producing lithographic printing plates
DE2934813C2 (de) * 1979-08-29 1982-08-19 Strabag Bau-AG, 5000 Köln Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen einer Öffnung in der Auskleidung eines Rohres
DE3139341A1 (de) * 1981-10-02 1983-04-21 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Transferfilm, insbesondere zur dauerhaften einbettung von tonerbildern
JPH0777792A (ja) * 1993-08-23 1995-03-20 E I Du Pont De Nemours & Co オフ−プレス装置およびオフ−プレス方法
CN102669200B (zh) * 2012-06-12 2014-12-10 阳政精机（无锡）有限公司 食品烘烤设备中食品模具的自动开合装置

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US2297691A (en) * 1939-04-04 1942-10-06 Chester F Carlson Electrophotography
US2955035A (en) * 1956-01-03 1960-10-04 Haloid Xerox Inc Raised xerographic images
US3003404A (en) * 1956-12-21 1961-10-10 Metcalfe Kenneth Archibald Machine for effecting electrostatic printing
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US3355288A (en) * 1963-11-19 1967-11-28 Australia Res Lab Electrostatic printing method and apparatus
US3384565A (en) * 1964-07-23 1968-05-21 Xerox Corp Process of photoelectrophoretic color imaging
US3488189A (en) * 1965-12-30 1970-01-06 Xerox Corp Electrophotographic recording member having solid crystalline plasticizer available at the imaging surface

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4023968A (en) * 1972-10-25 1977-05-17 Xerox Corporation Photoelectrophoretic color imaging process in which back migration is eliminated
US3849132A (en) * 1973-01-04 1974-11-19 Xerox Corp Photoelectrophoretic imaging method employing a chromogenic reaction
US4069047A (en) * 1975-06-27 1978-01-17 Xerox Corporation Transfer of photoelectrophoretic images
EP0038174A2 (en) * 1980-04-10 1981-10-21 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Process of forming a magnetic toner resist using a transfer member
EP0038174A3 (en) * 1980-04-10 1982-02-10 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Process of forming a magnetic toner resist using a transfer member

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1243829A (en) 1971-08-25
CH499142A (de) 1970-11-15
BE722665A (xx) 1969-04-21
DE1804974C3 (de) 1975-04-24
DE1804974B2 (de) 1974-09-05
NO127945B (xx) 1973-09-03
NL6815116A (xx) 1969-04-28
LU57137A1 (xx) 1969-07-11
FR1589914A (xx) 1970-04-06
US3791823A (en) 1974-02-12
CS156423B2 (xx) 1974-07-24
NO128731B (xx) 1974-01-02
DK126880B (da) 1973-08-27
DK124713B (da) 1972-11-13
DE1522745C3 (de) 1973-10-31
GB1149265A (en) 1969-04-23
CH486726A (de) 1970-02-28
AT294576B (de) 1971-11-25
AT300560B (de) 1972-07-25
BR6802229D0 (pt) 1973-01-11
DE1804483A1 (de) 1969-05-14
NL6815111A (xx) 1969-04-28
BE743898A (xx) 1970-05-28
DE1522745A1 (de) 1969-10-16
SE339411B (xx) 1971-10-04
FR1589915A (xx) 1970-04-06
GB1239232A (xx) 1971-07-14
ES359409A1 (es) 1970-08-16
SE346860B (xx) 1972-07-17
BE722664A (xx) 1969-04-21
DE1804974A1 (de) 1969-08-07
DE1522745B2 (de) 1973-04-12
LU57139A1 (xx) 1969-07-15

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