US3705100A - Blood fractionating process and apparatus for carrying out same - Google Patents

Blood fractionating process and apparatus for carrying out same Download PDF

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Publication number
US3705100A
US3705100A US66675A US3705100DA US3705100A US 3705100 A US3705100 A US 3705100A US 66675 A US66675 A US 66675A US 3705100D A US3705100D A US 3705100DA US 3705100 A US3705100 A US 3705100A
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United States
Prior art keywords
blood
membrane
plasma
whole blood
filtration
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Ceased
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US66675A
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English (en)
Inventor
William F Blatt
Edward A Agranat
Peter N Rigopulos
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Amicon Corp
WR Grace and Co
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Amicon Corp
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Publication of US3705100A publication Critical patent/US3705100A/en
Assigned to W.R. GRACE & CO., A CORP OF CT. reassignment W.R. GRACE & CO., A CORP OF CT. MERGER (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). EFFECTIVE 9/23/85, CONNECTICUT Assignors: AMICON CORPORATION
Assigned to W.R. GRACE & CO., A CORP. OF CT reassignment W.R. GRACE & CO., A CORP. OF CT MERGER (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). EFFECTIVE SEPTEMBER 23, 1985. Assignors: AMICON CORPORTION, A MASS. CORP.
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B01D61/14—Ultrafiltration; Microfiltration
    • B01D61/145—Ultrafiltration
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
    • A61M1/34—Filtering material out of the blood by passing it through a membrane, i.e. hemofiltration or diafiltration
    • A61M1/3496—Plasmapheresis; Leucopheresis; Lymphopheresis
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
    • A61M1/36—Other treatment of blood in a by-pass of the natural circulatory system, e.g. temperature adaptation, irradiation ; Extra-corporeal blood circuits
    • A61M1/3601—Extra-corporeal circuits in which the blood fluid passes more than once through the treatment unit
    • A61M1/3603—Extra-corporeal circuits in which the blood fluid passes more than once through the treatment unit in the same direction
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
    • A61M1/36—Other treatment of blood in a by-pass of the natural circulatory system, e.g. temperature adaptation, irradiation ; Extra-corporeal blood circuits
    • A61M1/3616—Batch-type treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B01D61/14—Ultrafiltration; Microfiltration
    • B01D61/18—Apparatus therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
    • B01D63/08—Flat membrane modules
    • B01D63/087—Single membrane modules
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2206/00—Characteristics of a physical parameter; associated device therefor
    • A61M2206/10—Flow characteristics
    • A61M2206/12—Flow characteristics the flow being spirally in a plane, e.g. against a plane side of a membrane filter element

Definitions

  • the formed elements of the blood (which include the red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets) can be discarded or used for other purposes or can profitably be returned to the donor.
  • Such a return is particularly important because (1) it allows the donor to recuperate to a state where he can donate again within two weeks rather than in about 2 months as is the case when the non-plasma component of the blood is not returned to him, and (2) it avoids the temporary weakness suffered by some donors after they donate a pint of blood.
  • the importance of a donors being able to contribute blood at relatively frequent intervals is obvious in circumstances such as those wherein injuries are incurred during military operations or wherein a donor bears a rare blood-type for which an emergency need exists.
  • blood fractionating of the type described is not used as frequently as desirable because no really convenient means for carrying out the process has been available.
  • this type of blood-fractionating has been done by (1) transferring the blood from a donor into a blood bag by means known to most blood donors, then (2) transferring the blood bag into a centrifugal separating apparatus, then (3) spinning the blood at a rate which optimizes the separation of plasma from other blood components, but substantially avoids damage to blood cells, then (4) separation of plasma by bag compression or withdrawal to a receiving vessel, and finally (5) returning the formed elements back into the patient by the usual transfusion techniques.
  • the present invention provides a process and apparatus for simple fractionation of whole blood into a plasma component and a cellular component while subjecting the components to only very slight stress.
  • the present invention is furthermore readily applicable to blood-donation procedures, making it possible to return the non-plasma component or fraction to the donor virtually simultaneously with the donation.
  • the process of the present invention comprises conducting the whole blood in a flow path parallel to one face of a porous filter membrane having effective pore diam eters from 0.1 to 0.8 micron, the path having a maximum depth of 20 mils measured vertically from the face of the membrane, collecting from the opposite face of the membrane the plasma component, and collecting from the end of said flow path the cellular component while maintaining the pressure differential between opposite faces of the membrane from 1 to 15 p.s.i.
  • the rate of flow of the whole blood across the face of the membrane is maintained from 2 to 50 ft. per minute and the pore diameter is from 0.4 to 0.7 micron.
  • the precise diameter of the pores within the stated ranges of size which gives best results depends upon the precise pressure differential employed, higher pressure differentials within the stated range requiring smaller pore diameters.
  • the pressure differential is critical because it provides the driving force for controlling the velocity of the blood across, and plasma through the membrane, and also affects the degree of hemolysis which occurs during filtration.
  • filtration membrane is used in this application to means that class of filters normally supplied in thin sheet form and capable of effecting separation of very small particulate or molecular components from suspensions or solutions. Both anisotropic and depth-filter membranes are included within this description. The former type of membrane is preferred when conveniently available, but a particularly surprising feature of the invention is that homogeneous depth filters may be utilized in the blood separation process.
  • the filtration process of the invention is carried out at relatively low pressure differentials, e.g., from 1 to 15 p.s.i., as measured both from one side of the filter membrane to the other and as measured from the inlet of the whole blood passage to the outlet for the blood fraction which fails to pass through the filter membrane.
  • both the receptable for the filtrate (plasma) and for the rejected blood (non-plasma fraction) are preferably maintained at atmospheric pressure.
  • Pressure differentials near the lower end of this range, i.e., from 1.5 to 5 p.s.i. are most advantageous, in part because they can be utilized in equipment which is less rigorously designed to avoid undue stress on the cells contained in the blood being fractionated.
  • the velocity across the face of the membrane is relatively low, i.e., in the range of from 2 to 50 feet per minute. Under these conditions, the flow is substantially laminar.
  • the blood after passing over the surface of the membrane, is recycled back to the whole blood reservoir. The velocity of the stream being dissipated in the contents of the reservoir aids in keeping the blood mixed well.
  • FIG. 1 shows a view in elevation, partly in section, of a thin channel ultrafiltration cell useful for carrying out the process of the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view from the bottom of the reservoir and flow-directing means showing the apparatus of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 is an exploded view in perspective showing a novel apparatus useful in the process of another embodiment of the invention which comprises a means to attach a hypodermic needle thereto.
  • FIG. 4 is a view in elevation showing the apparatus of FIG. 3 in operation.
  • an ultrafiltration cell comprises a top cap 12, a bottom cap 14 and a cylinder assembly 16.
  • the cylinder is compressed and sealed between caps 12 and 14 by means of toggle clamping assembly 18, top O-ring seal 20, and bottom O-ring seal 22.
  • Top cap 12 comprises a pressure relief valve 24 and a means to drive fluid across the membrane comprising a port 25 adapted for connection to a pressurized gas source for pressurizing liquid in reservoir 28.
  • a macroporous support plate 30 formed of sintered polypropylene.
  • Over plate 30 is a cellulosic ester filtration membrane 32 having a mean pore size of 0.45 :0.02 micron and available from Millipore Corporation under the trade designation HAW PO 9025.
  • Lower O-ring seal 22 is compressed against the outer periphery of membrane 32, thereby providing an eflicient edge sealing means.
  • Cylinder assembly 16 comprises reservoir 28 and an aperture 34 leading from reservoir 28 into a spiral flow path 36 which is formed by spiral grooves 38 on the bottom surface 39 of assembly 16.
  • This flow path 36 is 0.125 inch wide and 0.010 inch 10 mils) high. It follows a spiral path in a plane parallel to the membrane surface, terminating at a fluid outlet port 40 through which the retained liquid may, via conduit 41, be collected or recycled for another concentrating step. Filtrate, i.e., that fraction of material which comes through the filter is carried out of the cell through conduit 42 which is machined into bottom cap 14.
  • a sample of whole blood (treated with ACD) was inserted into reservoir 28 and, under a 2 p.s.i.g. driving force, was divided into a plasma fraction and a cellular fraction.
  • the Whole blood was forced through aperture 34 in cylinder assembly 16, and thereupon is caused to follow spiral flow path 36 over the surface of membrane 32.
  • the blood plasma fraction passed through the filtration membrane, and was collected through conduit 41 at atmospheric pressure. About 60% of the plasma content of the blood was recovered and there was no evidence of hemolysis in the plasma so collected.
  • FIG. 3 Another embodiment of the apparatus is disclosed in FIG. 3.
  • a hypodermic syringe 50 has been utilized to withdraw a blood sample from a patient.
  • the needle (not 4 shown) of the syringe is then removed and the syringe is attached, by means of a fastening means 52, such as Luer lock 54, to filtration cell 56.
  • Filtration cell 56 comprises a top retaining plate 58, filtration membrane 60, a sintered porous polyethylene support disk 62, and a bottom retaining plate 64.
  • Retaining plate 58 comprises a spiral ridge forming a shallow flow path 66 having a depth of 6 mils, a width of 0.5 cm. and a length of 70 cm. between inlet port 68 and outlet port 70.
  • Retaining plate 64 comprises a filtration outlet port 71.
  • a spring means 72 is mounted, at one end 74 thereof, on projecting outlet port 7 0.
  • the other end 76 of the spring is adapted to press on plunger 78 of the hypodermic syringe 50.
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram showing the analytical device of FIG. 3 in operation.
  • a plasma fraction of the blood is being collected in vessel 82 while the other blood components are being collected in vessel 80.
  • Apparatus constructed and arranged to carry out a separation of whole blood into a plasma fraction and a cellular fraction, said apparatus comprising (1) a reservoir for holding whole blood which is to be fractionated,
  • a flow directing means adjacent one side of said membrane for conducting whole blood from said reservoir across the face of said membrane in a zone having a maximum depth of 20 mils measured vertically from the face of said membrane, and
  • pressure-generating means constructed and arranged to drive said whole blood to be fractionated through said flow path only within the range of a pressure differential from 1 to 15 p.s.i. and at a flow velocity across the face of the membrane from 2 to 50 feet per minute.
  • said reservoir is formed of the barrel of a hypodermic syringe
  • said pressure-generating means comprises the piston of a hypodermic syringe
  • said syringe is detachably connected to said membrane and flow directing means.
  • Apparatus as defined in claim 2 comprising additionally a spring for automatically operating the piston of said hypodermic syringe.
  • a process for separating blood plasma from the other components of blood comprising the steps of (1) conducting whole blood in a flow path which is substantially parallel to the upstream side of a filtration membrane and has a maximum depth of 20 mils measured vertically from the face of the membrane, said membrane having a pore size from about 0.1 to about 0.8 micron in diameter,
  • a process as defined in claim 5 wherein said filtration membrane has a pore size from about 0.4 to about 0.7 micron in diameter.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Anesthesiology (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Cardiology (AREA)
  • External Artificial Organs (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Biological Materials (AREA)
US66675A 1970-08-25 1970-08-25 Blood fractionating process and apparatus for carrying out same Ceased US3705100A (en)

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Cited By (67)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3878664A (en) * 1972-11-27 1975-04-22 Cybersol Process for producing a therapeutic composition
US3900398A (en) * 1971-07-30 1975-08-19 Univ Iowa State Res Found Inc System for exchanging blood ultrafiltrate
US3974068A (en) * 1971-11-26 1976-08-10 Firma Heinrich Frings Ultrafiltration process and apparatus using low hydrostatic pressure to prevent concentration polarization
FR2404439A1 (fr) * 1977-09-28 1979-04-27 Kato Isamu Procede d'hemodialyse perfectionne pour rein artificiel
WO1979001120A1 (en) * 1978-05-25 1979-12-27 Department Of Commerce Filtration apparatus for separating blood cell-containing liquid suspensions
WO1979001121A1 (en) * 1978-05-25 1979-12-27 Department Of Commerce Process for separating blood cell-containing liquid suspensions by filtration
US4191182A (en) * 1977-09-23 1980-03-04 Hemotherapy Inc. Method and apparatus for continuous plasmaphersis
FR2447197A1 (fr) * 1979-01-29 1980-08-22 Baxter Travenol Lab Dispositif pour le traitement de plasma
US4222871A (en) * 1977-05-05 1980-09-16 Societe D'etudes Et De Realisations Industrielles - Seri Improvements in the separation of liquid mixtures by ultrafiltration
EP0041350A2 (en) * 1980-05-29 1981-12-09 Japan Foundation For Artificial Organs Method and apparatus for on-line filtration removal of macromolecules from a physiological fluid
US4343705A (en) * 1980-10-31 1982-08-10 Instrumentation Laboratory Biological liquid fractionation using alternate opposite flow directions across a membrane
WO1982003567A1 (en) * 1981-04-13 1982-10-28 Eng Inc Biomedical Method and apparatus for treating blood and the like
WO1982003568A1 (en) * 1981-04-13 1982-10-28 Eng Inc Biomedical Method and apparatus for high-efficiency ultrafiltration of complex fluids
US4374731A (en) * 1980-03-06 1983-02-22 Baxter Travenol Laboratories, Inc. Method and apparatus for obtaining a desired rate of plasma collection from a membrane plasmapheresis filter
US4381775A (en) * 1980-02-05 1983-05-03 Takeda Chemical Industries, Ltd. Method for low pressure filtration of plasma from blood
US4411792A (en) * 1981-08-10 1983-10-25 Trimedyne, Inc. Lymph filtration system
EP0114698A1 (en) * 1983-01-25 1984-08-01 Michael J. Lysaght Process and apparatus for obtaining blood plasma
GB2136314A (en) * 1983-03-14 1984-09-19 Gelman Sciences Inc Filter and Method for Obtaining Blood Plasma Samples
USRE31688E (en) * 1977-09-23 1984-09-25 Hemotherapy, Inc. Method and apparatus for continuous plasmapheresis
EP0189152A2 (en) * 1985-01-25 1986-07-30 Becton Dickinson and Company A device for the separation of the lighter fraction from the heavier fraction of a liquid sample
US4605503A (en) * 1983-05-26 1986-08-12 Baxter Travenol Laboratories, Inc. Single needle blood fractionation system having adjustable recirculation through filter
US4619639A (en) * 1980-02-05 1986-10-28 Asahi Medical Co., Ltd. Method and apparatus for low pressure filtration of plasma from blood
US4636312A (en) * 1982-02-16 1987-01-13 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Plasmapheresis filtration module having improved end plate
US4639317A (en) * 1982-02-16 1987-01-27 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Plasmapheresis filtration module having improved sealing means
US4639316A (en) * 1984-12-14 1987-01-27 Becton, Dickinson And Company Automatic liquid component separator
US4640776A (en) * 1982-02-16 1987-02-03 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Plasmapheresis filtration module having pressure balancing and sealing means
EP0217624A2 (en) * 1985-10-03 1987-04-08 Gelman Sciences, Inc. Method and device for obtaining blood plasma samples
US4735726A (en) * 1981-07-22 1988-04-05 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Plasmapheresis by reciprocatory pulsatile filtration
US4746436A (en) * 1981-06-25 1988-05-24 Baxter Travenol Laboratories, Inc. Membrane plasmapheresis apparatus and process which utilize a flexible wall to variably restrict the flow of plasma filtrate and thereby stabilize transmembrane pressure
US4755300A (en) * 1985-12-23 1988-07-05 Haemonetics Corporation Couette membrane filtration apparatus for separating suspended components in a fluid medium using high shear
US4769150A (en) * 1982-02-16 1988-09-06 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Method and apparatus for plasmapheresis by reciprocatory pulsatile filtration
US4808307A (en) * 1985-12-23 1989-02-28 Haemonetics Corporation Couette membrane filtration apparatus for separating suspended components in a fluid medium using high shear
US4980054A (en) * 1983-08-15 1990-12-25 Lavender Ardis R System and method for mass transfer between fluids
US4980068A (en) * 1983-08-15 1990-12-25 Lavender Ardis R System, apparatus and method for continuously fractionating blood in situ
US5034135A (en) * 1982-12-13 1991-07-23 William F. McLaughlin Blood fractionation system and method
US5183569A (en) * 1991-12-16 1993-02-02 Paradigm Biotechnologies Partnership Filtration apparatus and process
US5194145A (en) * 1984-03-21 1993-03-16 William F. McLaughlin Method and apparatus for separation of matter from suspension
US5330420A (en) * 1992-01-13 1994-07-19 Therakos, Inc. Hemolysis detector
US5451321A (en) * 1990-05-24 1995-09-19 Pall Corporation Venting system
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EP0733378A2 (en) * 1995-03-24 1996-09-25 JOHNSON & JOHNSON MEDICAL, INC. Preparation of autologous plasma and fibrin gel
US5587070A (en) * 1990-11-06 1996-12-24 Pall Corporation System for processing biological fluid
US5601727A (en) * 1991-11-04 1997-02-11 Pall Corporation Device and method for separating plasma from a biological fluid
US5863436A (en) * 1990-05-24 1999-01-26 Pall Corporation Venting system
US5914042A (en) * 1993-06-10 1999-06-22 Pall Corporation Device and method for separating plasma from a blood product
US6099730A (en) * 1997-11-14 2000-08-08 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Apparatus for treating whole blood comprising concentric cylinders defining an annulus therebetween
US6171493B1 (en) 1998-03-20 2001-01-09 Lexion Medical Biological fluid filtration apparatus
US20020167875A1 (en) * 2001-05-11 2002-11-14 Jia-Shing Sheu Optical disk drive with adaptive compensator
US20020183677A1 (en) * 2000-02-02 2002-12-05 Chang Yu-An Apparatus for enhanced plasmapheresis and methods thereof
US20030146154A1 (en) * 2002-02-02 2003-08-07 Julie Moriarty Shear-enhanced system and methods for removing waste materials and liquid from the blood
US20050059921A1 (en) * 2000-02-02 2005-03-17 Hosheng Tu Extracorporeal pathogen reduction system
US20050274672A1 (en) * 2000-02-02 2005-12-15 Hosheng Tu Extracorporeal pathogen reduction system
US20090090671A1 (en) * 2007-10-05 2009-04-09 Mady Attila Apparatus to assist platelet manipulation to prevent and treat endovascular disease and its sequelae
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US8268171B2 (en) * 2009-04-28 2012-09-18 Qinghua Liao Bottom control type specimen filtering container and filtering method thereof
US9075042B2 (en) 2012-05-15 2015-07-07 Wellstat Diagnostics, Llc Diagnostic systems and cartridges
US9213043B2 (en) 2012-05-15 2015-12-15 Wellstat Diagnostics, Llc Clinical diagnostic system including instrument and cartridge
US9625465B2 (en) 2012-05-15 2017-04-18 Defined Diagnostics, Llc Clinical diagnostic systems
US9782707B2 (en) 2014-03-24 2017-10-10 Fenwal, Inc. Biological fluid filters having flexible walls and methods for making such filters
US9796166B2 (en) 2014-03-24 2017-10-24 Fenwal, Inc. Flexible biological fluid filters
US9968738B2 (en) 2014-03-24 2018-05-15 Fenwal, Inc. Biological fluid filters with molded frame and methods for making such filters
US10159778B2 (en) 2014-03-24 2018-12-25 Fenwal, Inc. Biological fluid filters having flexible walls and methods for making such filters
US10376627B2 (en) 2014-03-24 2019-08-13 Fenwal, Inc. Flexible biological fluid filters
TWI674138B (zh) * 2017-04-07 2019-10-11 泰博科技股份有限公司 濾血裝置及濾血方法
US10687750B2 (en) * 2013-07-31 2020-06-23 Mann+ Hummel Gmbh Device for cross flow filtration
US10960114B2 (en) * 2015-10-14 2021-03-30 Mario GOISIS Fat filtration device

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FR2519555A1 (fr) * 1982-01-11 1983-07-18 Rhone Poulenc Sa Appareillage et procede de plasmapherese alternative avec appareil a membrane

Cited By (109)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3900398A (en) * 1971-07-30 1975-08-19 Univ Iowa State Res Found Inc System for exchanging blood ultrafiltrate
US3974068A (en) * 1971-11-26 1976-08-10 Firma Heinrich Frings Ultrafiltration process and apparatus using low hydrostatic pressure to prevent concentration polarization
US3878664A (en) * 1972-11-27 1975-04-22 Cybersol Process for producing a therapeutic composition
US4222871A (en) * 1977-05-05 1980-09-16 Societe D'etudes Et De Realisations Industrielles - Seri Improvements in the separation of liquid mixtures by ultrafiltration
USRE31688E (en) * 1977-09-23 1984-09-25 Hemotherapy, Inc. Method and apparatus for continuous plasmapheresis
US4191182A (en) * 1977-09-23 1980-03-04 Hemotherapy Inc. Method and apparatus for continuous plasmaphersis
FR2404439A1 (fr) * 1977-09-28 1979-04-27 Kato Isamu Procede d'hemodialyse perfectionne pour rein artificiel
WO1979001120A1 (en) * 1978-05-25 1979-12-27 Department Of Commerce Filtration apparatus for separating blood cell-containing liquid suspensions
WO1979001121A1 (en) * 1978-05-25 1979-12-27 Department Of Commerce Process for separating blood cell-containing liquid suspensions by filtration
US4212742A (en) * 1978-05-25 1980-07-15 United States Of America Filtration apparatus for separating blood cell-containing liquid suspensions
US4228015A (en) * 1979-01-29 1980-10-14 Baxter Travenol Laboratories, Inc. Plasma treatment apparatus
FR2447197A1 (fr) * 1979-01-29 1980-08-22 Baxter Travenol Lab Dispositif pour le traitement de plasma
US4381775A (en) * 1980-02-05 1983-05-03 Takeda Chemical Industries, Ltd. Method for low pressure filtration of plasma from blood
US4619639A (en) * 1980-02-05 1986-10-28 Asahi Medical Co., Ltd. Method and apparatus for low pressure filtration of plasma from blood
US4374731A (en) * 1980-03-06 1983-02-22 Baxter Travenol Laboratories, Inc. Method and apparatus for obtaining a desired rate of plasma collection from a membrane plasmapheresis filter
EP0041350A2 (en) * 1980-05-29 1981-12-09 Japan Foundation For Artificial Organs Method and apparatus for on-line filtration removal of macromolecules from a physiological fluid
EP0041350A3 (en) * 1980-05-29 1982-02-17 Japan Foundation For Artificial Organs Method and apparatus for on-line filtration removal of macromolecules from a physiological fluid
US4343705A (en) * 1980-10-31 1982-08-10 Instrumentation Laboratory Biological liquid fractionation using alternate opposite flow directions across a membrane
WO1982003567A1 (en) * 1981-04-13 1982-10-28 Eng Inc Biomedical Method and apparatus for treating blood and the like
WO1982003568A1 (en) * 1981-04-13 1982-10-28 Eng Inc Biomedical Method and apparatus for high-efficiency ultrafiltration of complex fluids
US4746436A (en) * 1981-06-25 1988-05-24 Baxter Travenol Laboratories, Inc. Membrane plasmapheresis apparatus and process which utilize a flexible wall to variably restrict the flow of plasma filtrate and thereby stabilize transmembrane pressure
US4735726A (en) * 1981-07-22 1988-04-05 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Plasmapheresis by reciprocatory pulsatile filtration
US4411792A (en) * 1981-08-10 1983-10-25 Trimedyne, Inc. Lymph filtration system
US4636312A (en) * 1982-02-16 1987-01-13 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Plasmapheresis filtration module having improved end plate
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