US3702001A - Method of electrosensitive printing or recording and apparatus therefor - Google Patents

Method of electrosensitive printing or recording and apparatus therefor Download PDF

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Publication number
US3702001A
US3702001A US28565A US3702001DA US3702001A US 3702001 A US3702001 A US 3702001A US 28565 A US28565 A US 28565A US 3702001D A US3702001D A US 3702001DA US 3702001 A US3702001 A US 3702001A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
electrodes
head
receiving element
electrode
wetting device
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US28565A
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English (en)
Inventor
Teresio Gassino
Alfredo Olivei
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Telecom Italia SpA
Olivetti SpA
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Olivetti SpA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Olivetti SpA filed Critical Olivetti SpA
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3702001A publication Critical patent/US3702001A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/22—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern involving the combination of more than one step according to groups G03G13/02 - G03G13/20
    • G03G15/32—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern involving the combination of more than one step according to groups G03G13/02 - G03G13/20 in which the charge pattern is formed dotwise, e.g. by a thermal head
    • G03G15/321—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern involving the combination of more than one step according to groups G03G13/02 - G03G13/20 in which the charge pattern is formed dotwise, e.g. by a thermal head by charge transfer onto the recording material in accordance with the image
    • G03G15/325—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern involving the combination of more than one step according to groups G03G13/02 - G03G13/20 in which the charge pattern is formed dotwise, e.g. by a thermal head by charge transfer onto the recording material in accordance with the image using a stylus or a multi-styli array
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/385—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by selective supply of electric current or selective application of magnetism to a printing or impression-transfer material
    • B41J2/3855—Electrographic print heads using processes not otherwise provided for, e.g. electrolysis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
    • B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
    • B41M5/20—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein using electric current
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S101/00—Printing
    • Y10S101/37—Printing employing electrostatic force

Definitions

  • alpha-numeric signs'on untreated paper whereon is previously applied, immediately before the priming, an electrolytic solution.
  • electrolytic solution There are known numerous processes using electrode systems on paper previously treated, for the printing or electrosensitive recording of alpha-numeric signs, diagrams, facsimile reproductions or the like.
  • a recording system In order to increase the definition of the signs recorded at recording speed limitedly higher of the one previously obtainable a recording system is proposed I 2 wherein a negative electrode is placed insulated nan and adjacent the anode of a normal recording head, whereby the motion of the paper is perpendicular to the place containing the electrode axes.
  • a first disadvantage shown by such a system is given by the scarce practical feasibility of the concurrent utiliaation of a plurality of aligned writing electrodes, as a consequence of the dissyrnetry of the electric field existing between the most external pins and the internal ones. Such dissymetry turns into a non uniformity in the contrast of the recorded alpha-numeric signs.
  • An object of the present invention is therefore the realization of an electrosensitive printing or recording system consenting allowing the elimination of the above mentioned disadvantages and this by means of a recording apparatusof particularly simplified structure and operation principle.
  • the present invention contemplates a new electrosensitive printing or recording method and the relative apparatus which operates free of recording tracks, based upon a special construction and disposition of one or a plurality of electrode pairs and, in its preferred embodiment, of the relative device for impregnating the paper to be recorded.
  • the system comprises, ill-Kits preferred embodiment, a writing headcornposed of a certain number of elec-' trodepairswhich may be vertically arranged or in a different way according to the system of the character formation contemplated in the different possibleapplications, such as for example formation of alpha-numeric characters or recording by parallel, serial printers, facsimile transmission an the like. 7 I
  • the electrode pairs each being built up of a positive electrode and of a negative one, are located on the same side of the paper sheet to be recorded, what differs with respect to majority of the known systems.
  • the head built thereof shows, in a preferred embodiment, a first row of electrodes of a given sign whereto is closely adjacent a second row of electrodes of opposite sign, being however each electrode of a given signplaced closely sidewise the correspondent electrode of opposite sign.
  • the head is coupled to a device for impregnating the paper, essentially composed of a duct provided with a slit placed, according to its length, in
  • the impregnating solution is contained in a reservoir which-concurrently serves to generate the necessary pressure to drainthe fluid from the reservoir through said impregnating device, to the surface of the paper.
  • the impregnating solution When it has reached the surface of the paper through the impregnating slit, due to the pressure exerted by the draining device, it becomes uniformly laminated ensuring the superficial impregnation ofthe paper.
  • the present system provides, in its structure, not only a sure improvement with respect to the known systems, but also delivers numerous advantages of economy and practicality.
  • the results of recording are characterized by a very high speed of recording, the use of voltages maintained within low values, not exceeding 40 V, a good contrast and a very good definition of the recorded signs, and the use of paper of the type not containing electrosensitive substances, which is conversely necessarily employed by the known systems, but which can advantageously be any writing paper of the type commonly on the market; furthermore the system doesnt require a drying operative phase of the paper as the film of fluid, applied in the described mode, spontaneously evaporate after few fractions of seconds at normal temperature, pressure and dampness conditions.
  • the special disposition of the electrode pairs furthermore allows a particular writing compactness resulting in the possibility to approximate said pairs, and an uniform and accentuated contract owing to the distribution uniformity of the inter-electrode power lines.
  • the system according to the invention is adapted for recordings under conditions of variable recording speed, from the minimal admitted to the maximum admitted by the mechanical apparatus the technique can offer nowaday. According to such recording conditions, and within the limits of the lower speeds, there can be employed electrochemical solutions of the type known for impregnating the electrosensitive papers commonly used in the wet electrosensitive recording systems. The same system, modified for the use of the only head with the exclusion of the impregnating system, results in being favorable for the employment of electrosensitive papers of the known dry type.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a writing head, according to the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged front view of said head
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the head coupled to the impregnating device
  • FIG. 4 is a perspective diagrammatical view of a printing system wherein the head-wetting device group is stationary and the paper is movable;
  • FIG. 5 is a front view of the head-wetting device group, coupled to a guide-pressure device
  • FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the embodiment of FIG. 5;
  • FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a printing system wherein the paper is stationary and the head is movable.
  • An apparatus comprises, in a preferred embodiment'(FIG. 1) a head 1 composed of a series of electrode pairs2 2 (FIG. 2), symmetrically distributed with respect to the main'axis A, which can be realized according to various methods, known per se, such for example as by serigraphic application of a first row, of a given sign, on a support plate of any suitable insulating material, application of a thin insulating layer and then application of a second parallel row, of opposite sign.
  • the area reserved for the writing the end portions of the electrode pairs 2 2 are arranged in parallel relation, while their extensions diverge so as to allow the connection to the respective electric parts.
  • Thehead l is integral to a wetting device 3fcomposed of a duct 4 provided with a slit 5 arranged, referred to its length, in parallel relation to the" main axis A of the head 1. Inside the slit 5 is provided a ton gue, not indicated in the drawing, which provides for the closure of the duct in the rest phase.
  • the duct 4 (FIGS. 3-4) is connected by means of a pipe 6 to a reservoir, not indicated in the drawing, wherein is contained the impregnating solution in the pressure condition adapted to guarantee the regular draining to the surface of the paper.
  • the wetting device 3, integral to the head 1, is held in contact to the paper 7 by means of a certain pressure generated by means of a suitable system, known per se, which can be for example composed of the aggregate illustrated in FIGS. 5-6, wherein the wetting device 3 is integral, on the side which is opposite to the one connected to the head 1, to a guidingpressure device 8 composed a pressure support 8', which can be made up of any preferably insulating material, slidable within a guiding housing 8".
  • the pressure support 8' is held under pressure, together with the wetting device 3, in the direction of butnot in contact with the paper '7, while the wetting device 3 is in this way pressed against the paper.
  • Such pressure is guaranteed by devices, known per se, such for example as a lever-spring 9-9 system.
  • the aggregate composed of the head 1 coupled to the wetting device 3 and pressure device 8 group is mounted on a stationary support 10, thus resulting in a stationary position with respect to the motion of the paper which is accomplished by means known per se, for example by driving rollers 11-11, in the direction shown by the arrow.
  • the electric signals are applied to the head 1, by means of the wires which'connectthe individual electrode pairs 2-2 by an electronic control unit known perse not indicated in thedrawing, vwhich obviously will be different according to foreseen specific employments'. i
  • the recording-speed of the system. just now described can reach and exceed the 1,000 whole alphanumeric characters, per second.
  • the solution according to the invention contained by a reservoir which concurrently generates the pressure necessary for draining the fluid, arrives, through an impregnation device, to the surface of the paper, where it is laminated in an uniform way ensuring the superficial impregnation of the paper.
  • the guide 14 ensures in'turn the perfect contact of the head 1 to the paper holding platten 13, as in thisevent a slight concavity is imparted to the head according to a radius coincident with the one of the plattenQConsidering the motion of the head-wetting device aggregate, the connection, of the wetting-unit 3.
  • the electric signals are applied to the head 1 by means of systems known per se, for example by the medium of connection wires incorporated in a plastic material housing resisting the repeated flexure stresses etc.
  • the reciprocal motion of the system is realized according to systems known per se, which allow to reach printing speeds of the order of 500 whole characters per second, depending the higher speed upon the lower momentum of the head-accessory group.
  • the presence of the polyvinyl alcohol known per se as a dispersing means, resulted as particularly efficient for its structural characteristics, comparable, in the electrochemical behavior, to those of the starch.
  • the polyvinyl alcohol also in presence of salts, does not appreciably alter the electrolytic conductance.
  • the cathodic product can reside immediately adjacent'the writing anodic product.
  • the iodine which is liberated at the anode reacts with the powdered starch, being the reaction favored by theoxidizing action of the bromine which also liberates at the anode, thus allowing iodine to be incorporated through the'helocoidal structure of the starch, there occurs, in the area of mechanical sliding of the head, the immediate re-combination of the original colorless compound.
  • a trackless electrosensitive printing orrecording apparatus for recording or printing information on a receiving element comprising: 7
  • an electrode system responsive to electrical impul ses for printing or recording information on said receiving element, said electrode system being positioned'in engagement with and on the same side of said receiving element, said electrode system including at least one spaced apart electrode pair, one electrode of said electrode pair being of positive polarity and the other electrode of said electrode pair being of negative polarity,
  • said positive and negative electrodes being placed in side by side linear relationship; and I v and said electrode system in a direction parallel to said linear placement so that said receiving element first moves past one electrode of said electrode pair and then past the other electrode of said electrode pair.
  • An apparatus as claimed in claim 1 including a wetting device positioned on an axis drawn through said pair of spaced electrodes.
  • said electrode system further comprises a head including a first row of electrodes of a given polarity and a second row of electrodes of an opposite polarity parallel and closely adjacent to said first row of electrodes, and a wetting device adjacent to said head and biased into engagement with said receiving element.
  • said head comprises a series of electrode pairs, the electrodes of each of said pairs being symmetrically dis tributed about a central axis through said head, said means for relatively moving said receiving element electrodes being encased in a support plate of insulating material such that said electrodes of each of said first and second rows are near to one another in the area adjacent said receiving element and divergent in the area remote from said receiving element to facilitate the electric connection of said head to a source of electrical impulses.
  • Y 7 An apparatus as claimed in claim 3, wherein said means for relative movement comprise a movable support for said head and a guide slidably carrying said support for movement relative to said receiving element substantially perpendicular to said main axis, and wherein said wetting device is connected to said reservoir by means of a flexible pipe.
  • said wetting device comprises a duct and a slit exit for said duct which is parallel to a central axis of said head established between said first and second rows of electrodes.
  • a method of electrosensitive printing and recording information on a receiving element comprising the steps of:
  • said recording head includes a first row of electrodes of a given polarity and a second row of electrodes of an opposite polarity parallel and adjacent to said first row, and said wettingdevice is parallel to the main axis of the ecording tro e rows, sai
  • the method of claim 12 including the step of limiting said electrical impulses to voltages on the orderof 5 volts and currents in the order of l milliampere.
  • the method of claim 12 including limiting the duration of each of said electrical impulses to less than 20 microseconds.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Electronic Switches (AREA)
  • Printers Or Recording Devices Using Electromagnetic And Radiation Means (AREA)
  • Recording Measured Values (AREA)
  • Electrophotography Using Other Than Carlson'S Method (AREA)
  • Facsimile Heads (AREA)
US28565A 1969-04-15 1970-04-15 Method of electrosensitive printing or recording and apparatus therefor Expired - Lifetime US3702001A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT5142669 1969-04-15
IT5142569 1969-04-15

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3702001A true US3702001A (en) 1972-10-31

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US28565A Expired - Lifetime US3702001A (en) 1969-04-15 1970-04-15 Method of electrosensitive printing or recording and apparatus therefor

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US3702001A (de)
JP (1) JPS5036733B1 (de)
BE (1) BE749007A (de)
CA (1) CA926829A (de)
CH (1) CH548072A (de)
DE (1) DE2018834C3 (de)
FR (1) FR2043250A5 (de)
GB (1) GB1264743A (de)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2541921A1 (de) * 1974-09-20 1976-04-01 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Mehrfachschreibkopf
US4046074A (en) * 1976-02-02 1977-09-06 International Business Machines Corporation Non-impact printing system
US4103043A (en) * 1976-02-06 1978-07-25 Ing. C. Olivetti & C., S.P.A. Thermographic printing method
FR2417804A1 (fr) * 1978-02-21 1979-09-14 Integrated Data Corp Dispositif d'entree-sortie pour ordinateur
US4300146A (en) * 1977-12-06 1981-11-10 U.S. Philips Corporation Electrostatic write head
US4372045A (en) * 1977-12-06 1983-02-08 U.S. Philips Corporation Method of manufacturing electrostatic write head
US4419679A (en) * 1980-06-03 1983-12-06 Benson, Inc. Guadrascan styli for use in staggered recording head
EP0372896A2 (de) * 1988-12-06 1990-06-13 Ngk Insulators, Ltd. Aufzeichnungskopf, bestehend aus einem eine Elektrode tragenden Substrat mit einem dünnwandigen Kontaktendteil

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2728256C3 (de) * 1977-06-23 1980-04-03 Saulius Dipl.-Ing. 7141 Neckarrems Baublys Werkzeug zum elektrochemischen Bezeichnen einer metallischen Oberfläche
DE2852989C3 (de) * 1978-12-07 1981-07-02 Sebastian Bauer Kg, 8201 Raubling Scheckbeschriftungsvorrichtung in Taschenformat
DE3332491C2 (de) * 1983-09-08 1985-10-10 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Vorrichtung für Tintenschreibeinrichtungen zum Beschreiben eines Aufzeichnungsträgers

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE461048A (de) * 1944-03-31
US2830867A (en) * 1950-12-05 1958-04-15 Earl J Kohn Recording stylus assembly
US3267485A (en) * 1959-12-02 1966-08-16 Burroughs Corp Electrode printing assembly
DE1250141B (de) * 1961-10-16

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2541921A1 (de) * 1974-09-20 1976-04-01 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Mehrfachschreibkopf
US4046074A (en) * 1976-02-02 1977-09-06 International Business Machines Corporation Non-impact printing system
US4103043A (en) * 1976-02-06 1978-07-25 Ing. C. Olivetti & C., S.P.A. Thermographic printing method
US4300146A (en) * 1977-12-06 1981-11-10 U.S. Philips Corporation Electrostatic write head
US4372045A (en) * 1977-12-06 1983-02-08 U.S. Philips Corporation Method of manufacturing electrostatic write head
FR2417804A1 (fr) * 1978-02-21 1979-09-14 Integrated Data Corp Dispositif d'entree-sortie pour ordinateur
US4419679A (en) * 1980-06-03 1983-12-06 Benson, Inc. Guadrascan styli for use in staggered recording head
EP0372896A2 (de) * 1988-12-06 1990-06-13 Ngk Insulators, Ltd. Aufzeichnungskopf, bestehend aus einem eine Elektrode tragenden Substrat mit einem dünnwandigen Kontaktendteil
EP0372896A3 (de) * 1988-12-06 1991-03-06 Ngk Insulators, Ltd. Aufzeichnungskopf, bestehend aus einem eine Elektrode tragenden Substrat mit einem dünnwandigen Kontaktendteil
US5132705A (en) * 1988-12-06 1992-07-21 Ngk Insulators, Ltd. Recording head including electrode supporting substrate having thin-walled contact end portion

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA926829A (en) 1973-05-22
FR2043250A5 (de) 1971-02-12
BE749007A (fr) 1970-09-16
CH548072A (it) 1974-04-11
DE2018834C3 (de) 1981-06-25
JPS5036733B1 (de) 1975-11-27
DE2018834B2 (de) 1980-11-06
DE2018834A1 (de) 1970-10-22
GB1264743A (de) 1972-02-23

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