US3699763A

US3699763A - 24-hour digital clock

Info

Publication number: US3699763A
Application number: US159856A
Authority: US
Inventors: David L Zeph
Original assignee: US Department of Navy
Current assignee: US Department of Navy
Priority date: 1971-07-06
Filing date: 1971-07-06
Publication date: 1972-10-24
Anticipated expiration: 1989-10-24

Abstract

A 24-hour digital clock having a plurality of division counters driven from a stable frequency which are coupled to seven line segment decoder-drivers. A selector switch coupled to the counters allows setting of the minutes, tens of minutes, hours, and tens of hours to a precise time signal while resetting all other counters.

Description

United States Patent Zeph [54] 24-HOUR DIGITAL CLOCK [72] Inventor: David L. Zeph, Indianapolis, Ind.

[73] Assignee: The United States of America represented by the Secretary of the Navy Filed: July 6, 1971 Appl. No.: 159,856

US. Cl. ..58/23 R, 58/50, 235/92 T, 340/373 Int. Cl. ..G04c 3/00, G04b 19/30 Field of Search...58/23 R, 23 A, 24 R, 34, 50 R; 235/92 T [56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS l/1966 MacArthurW, ..5s/23 x' 51 Oct. 24, 1972 Barbella ..58/23 R X 9/ 1971 Loewengart ..58/23 A Primary Examiner-Richard B. Wilkinson Assistant Examiner-Edith C. Simmons Jackmon Attorney-R. S. Sciascia and P. S. Collignon [57] ABSTRACT hours to a precise time signal while resetting all other counters.

9 Claims, 1 Drawing Figure v 24 so cps 24-I-IOUR DIGITAL CLOCK STATEMENT OF GOVERNMENT INTEREST The invention described herein may be manufactured and used by or for the Government of the United States of America for governmental purposes without the payment of any royalties thereon or therefor.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION troublesome disadvantages in the operation of the receiver equipment often destroying simplicity when it a is needed most.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In the present invention a plurality of division binary counters are used coupled to a high frequency stable oscillator to divide the high frequency count down to 60 cycles per second and thence down to one cycle and one-half cycle per second. At the 60- cycle point in the division counter series is included a switch to alternately switch in low voltage house current which will be further divided down to one cycle per second providing a semiprecision external source to drive the digital clock. The one cycle per second frequency is applied to the first of a series of decoder, driver binary counter circuits which add up the frequency pulses in a decade counter, the s output of which is added in a divideby-six binary counter to obtain the count of seconds and tens of seconds to add to a maximum of 59 and then reset to zero. The series of decoder/drivers in like manner provide the count for the minutes, 10s of minutes, hours, and 10s of hours, the latter of which is specially circuited by NAND gates to reset from 23 hours to zero hours on the pulse following 59 minutes and 59 seconds. A six-contact, double-gang selector switch is used to reset the minutes and hours of the digital clock. The digital readouts of hours, minutes, and seconds are from decade digital readout devices which give a visual running time readout that is not disturbed by vibrations, being solid state, and which are as accurate as the stabilized or external frequency inputs. It is accordingly a general object of this invention to provide a 24-hour digital clock that will provide digital readout of high precision that can be set to desired times with a single six-position selector switch.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING These and other objects and the attendant advantages, features and uses will become more apparent to those skilled in the art as a more detailed description proceeds when considered along with the single FIGURE of drawing illustrating in block circuit schematic of the invention with arrows indicating the direction of information.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT Referring to the FIGURE of drawing, the circuit is started with a 6 magahertz (MI-I2) precision crystal oscillator 21 having its output coupled to the first of a series of binary counters BCl through BCS which form a divide by 100,000 chain producing a Hz on the output of BCS at contact 22 of a switch S2. The binary counters BCl through BCS are commercially available flatpacs, one type being available from Texas Instrument, Incorporated under the catalogue number of SN7490 N and will not be discussed further in their internal operation since they are well-known to have the function of counting. The second frequency input to switch S2 contact 23 is from an input terminal 24' to which is adapted to be applied a 60 cycles per second (cps) at any desirable voltage, herein shown to be 6.3 volts. This 60 cps frequency is applied through a Schmidt trigger 25 to provide a 60 Hz square wave voltage at terminal 23. The switch S2 may therefore be switched to contact 22 to obtain an internal precision 60 Hz frequency or to terminal 23 to obtain a semiprecision 60 cps frequency for the system. The switch blade of switch S2 is coupled as an input to two series coupled binary counters BC6 and BC7, the output on terminal 9 of BC7 being divided down further to produce a precision 1 Hz frequency output on conductor 26. The output terminal 8 of BC7 produces a onehalf Hz frequency on the output conductor 27. Binary counters BC6 and BC7 may also be obtained from the Texas Instrument, Incorporated having part numbers SN7490N and SN7492N, respectively, although other binary counters of other companies may be equally useful and adaptable to the clock circuit of this invention.

The 1 Hz output signal on the output conductor 26 is applied as an input to the first of a series of counters BC8 through BC13. These counters may likewise be purchased on the open market from Texas Instrument, Incorporated, BC8 and BC10 having the part numbers SN7490N while the counters BC9 and BCl l have part numbers SN7492N. BC12 is a counter obtainable from Fairchild Semiconductor Company having a part number U6B931059X. The counter BC13 is a dual J-K flipflop circuit obtainable from Texas Instrument, Incorporated under the part number SN 7473N The counter BC8 provides a seconds counter up to 9, the 10th count of which will be applied as an input to BC9. BC8 has four

outputs

30, 31, 32, and 33, providing the four binary digits to obtain the 10 count as a decade counter. As the decade counter BC8 counts the 1 Hz frequency pulses over input 26 at terminal 14 thereto, the binary digits will add up until the binary count of l 0 0 1 equals a count of 9 which will return to binary 0 0 O 0 at the same time that a l to 0" transition is applied to terminal 14 of BC9. BC9 is a divideby-six counter which will give the 10 of seconds count on the three outputs 34, 35, and 36. The fifth pulse input from BC9 will produce a binary count of l 0 l and the next pulse input will produce a binary 0 0 In this manner a count of 59 can be run up on the seconds and tens of seconds counters of BC8 and BC9, the 16 pulse, or 60 seconds, causing these counters to return to 0. The outputs 30 through 33 from BC8 are applied to a seconds digital display means 40 while the outputs 34 through 36 from BC9 will be applied to a 10 of seconds digital display means 41. The output from the binary counter BC9 is applied throughtwo NAND gates in series GlA and GlB to the input terminal 14 of BC10. The output of BC10 is coupled in series through NAND gates G1C and GlD in series to ECU and the output of BCM is coupled in series through NAND gates G2A, G28, and G2C to the binary counter BC12. BC10 adds up the minutes and is a decade counter counting up to 10 and each 10th count is applied to BCll which adds up the 10s of minutes to the count of six since BCll, like BC9, is a divide-by-six counter. BC10 is coupled by four leads to a digital readout means 42 in the same manner as for the seconds, and BC is coupled by three leads carrying the three binary counts to a 10s of minutes digital display means 43. Like the seconds and 10s of seconds counters, the minutes and 10s of minutes counters will add up to 59 and the next input pulse will return these two counters to zero in like manner as for the seconds and 10s of seconds counter.

BC12 is a decade counter which has its four binary digit leads coupled to a digital readout means 44 for displaying the hours count whereas BC13 is coupled by two leads 37 and 38 to a 10s of hours digital display means 45. The digital display means 40 through 45 are produced by many manufacturers and are well-known as a marketed item and will not be discussed further in structure herein. Since the counters BC12 and BC13 must operate in a unique manner to count only to 23 and then be returned to on the next input pulse, BC12 and BC13 are coupled to provide this result. BC12 has its output terminal 11 coupled through a NAND gate G2D as an input to a NAND gate G3B, the output of which is to

terminals

1 and 5 of BC13. The

output terminals

13 and 14 being output conductors 30 and 31 are coupled as inputs to a NAND gate G3A the output of which is coupled as an input to NAND gate 63B and also as a feedback to input terminal 9 of BC12. The output terminal 9 of BC13 is coupled by conductor 38 to the 10s of hours digital display 45 and also coupled back as a feedback input to NAND gate G3A. Output terminal 12 of BC13 is coupled as the second input 37 to the digital readout means 45. By this coupling arrangement BC12 being a decade counter will count up to 10 at which time an output will pass through G2D and G3B NAND gates to flip the flipflop circuit BC13 to produce a binary l on the output 37. The second count of 10 out of BC12 will likewise pass through NAND gates 02D and 63B through BC13 to produce a binary count of two (1 O) on outputs 38, 37, respectively. This also produces a 1 input on G3A together with two 1 inputs from lines 30 and 31 on the output of BC12 [when BC12 is at 3 (O O 1 l) ]which will produce a 0 on the output of G3A returned to terminals 9 of BC12 changing this from a decade counter mode of operation to a synchronous parallel entry mode which will cause BC12 to return to -0 upon the next count impulse from BCl 1. When BC12 returns to 0 it sends a pulse via G3A and G3B which causes BC13 to return to 0)L Accordingly, BC12 and BC13 will add up to the displayed output on 45 and 44 to 23 and when the 24 hours has been reached by an impulse of BCl 1 the 23 count will return to o. Accordingly, it may be seen that a count of 23:59:59 can be reached on the digital display means 40 through 45 at which time the next one second count or Hz pulse will return the counters and digital display means to Os at which time the seconds counter will begin to count towards 0 l 0 0.

In order to set the 24-hour digital clock to any desired starting time a two-gang switch 81A and SIB having six contact positions thereon is used. The switch S1 is a non-shorting rotary switch which together with NAND gate latches G4C, G4D, GSA, and GSH are used. G4C and GSA are cross-coupled from output to input and in like manner G4D and GSD are cross-coupled from output to input. The rotary switch contact of 81A is coupled directly to a fixed potential, such as ground, while the rotary switch contact of SIB is coupled to the output conductor 27 from BC7 on which is applied the one-half Hz frequency. Terminal 1 of 81A is coupled as the second input of NAND gate G4D by conductor 50 and also by branch conductor 51 as one of the inputs to NAND gate GSA. Conductor 51 is also coupled through a resistor 52 to a terminal input 53 to which a DC voltage source may be applied, herein illustrated as being 5 volts. Contact 2 of SlA is coupled by conductor 54 as an input to NAND gate GSB and by way of branch conductor 55 as a second input to NAND gate G4C. Branch conductor 55 is also coupled through a resistor 56 to the DC source 53.

Contacts

3, 4, 5, and 6 of 81A are coupled in parallel by conductor 57 as another input to NAND gate GSB-and also by branch conductor 58 as an input to NAND gate GSA as well as through a resistor 59 to the DC supply at terminal 53.

Terminals

1 and 2 of SIB are open. Terminal 3 of 81B is coupled through resistor 60 to the DC source 53 and also by way of conductor 61 as a second input to the NAND gate GlB. Terminal 4 of S18 is coupled through a resistor 62 to source 53 and by way of conductor 63 as a second input to NAND gate G1 D. Terminal 5 of 81B is coupled through resistor 64 to the source 53 and by way of conductor 65 as a second input to NAND gate 628. Terminal 6 of S18 is coupled through resistor 66 to the DC source 53 and also by way of conductor 67 as an input to NAND GATE 038. The output of NAND gate 658 is by way of conductor 68 to input

terminals

2 and 3 of both BC8 and BC9 in parallel as well as the second input to NAND gate G4D, as hereinbefore stated. The output of NAND gate G4D on conductor 69 is applied as a second input to NAND gate GlA, as a second input to NAND gate GlC, as a second input to NAND gate G2A, as one of the inputs to NAND gate 63A, and as a second input to NAND gate G2D, as well as the cross-coupled input to NAND gate G5B hereinbefore stated. The output of G4C on conductor 70 is in parallel to

terminals

2 and 3 or

terminals

6 and 7, as appropriate, to all the binary counters BCl through BC7. The other terminals, such as terminal 5 of the binary counters, are coupled to the DC voltage source while other terminals of the binary counters BCl through BC7 are coupled to ground, as

OPERATION In the statement of operation of the 24-hour digital clock hereinabove described, TABLE I herein below will be used in going through the various switched operations.

TABLE I SWITCH POSITIONS Latching tens of tens of NAND gates run hold minutes minutes hours hours i out i out i out i out i out i out n n n n n n l l 0 0 0 0 0 Run 1 0 l O 0 0 0 l-Hold l O l 1 1 l l l l l 0 0 O 0 0 G4D O Disables 0 1 l l I l l-Enables 01 l0 l0 l0 l0 10 l l O O O O GSA O l l l l l O l l 0 O l O l O I O l O l 0 0 O O G4C 0 Counts l l l l l-Zeroed 10 01 10 IOtg l0 10 When switch S1 is switched to contacts 1, this will be the run position such that the 6 MHz oscillator 21 is applying frequency through contact 22 of switch S2 producing a 1 Hz output on 26 to the seconds counter BC8. In this contact 1 position or run position all inputs to NAND gate GSB will be binary ls on the inputs from top to bottom, as indicated in TABLE I. The two top inputs will be 1 since contacts 3 through 6 are open and voltage is applied over conductor 58 from source 53 through resistor 59 applying 5 volts substantially to the top two inputs to NAND gate GSB. The third input down to GSB is via conductor 55 and resistor 56 from the 5 volts DC source 53 since contact 2 of 81A is open. Since the lower input to NAND gate G4D is 0 by virtue of 81A being on contact 1 via conductor 50, the output of G4D will be l regardless of whether the second input of G4D is a 1 or a O. Accordingly, the fourth input to GSB is a 1 thereby producing a 0 output on conductor 68 to the counters BC8 and BC9 allowing counters BC8 and BC9 to count normally. Also since the output of G4D is 1, as hereinbefore stated, NAND gates GlA, GlC, G2A, G2D, and G3A are enabled, except that G3A is disabled by the input from conductor 38. Looking to NAND gate GSA, the top input is a 1 since 5 volts stands on conductor '58 but the second input from the top on conductor 51 is a 0 since conductor 1 of 81A is grounded. NAND gate G4C has the bottom input coupled directly to the conductor 55 which is open at contact 2 of 81A and therefore has a 5 volt DC through resistor 56 applied which will produce an output on 70 of 0 regardless of whether the second input is a l or a 0.Since output 70 is 0 the bottom two inputs to GSA- are Os producing a l output from GSA as a second input to G4C. Accordingly, in the run position of the device shown in FIG. 1 the outputs of the NAND gate latching gates will be as shown in the run position of TABLE I. BC8 through BC13 are thereby enabled to continue count up through 23 hours, 59 minutes and 59 seconds at which time the next 1 second count will return the counter to 0 to start a new count from 1 count up to 23 hours, 59 minutes and 59 seconds.

In resetting this clock it is preferable to first set the hours and then the minutes but the seconds will be reset automatically in all but the run" position. Switch S1 is rotated to position 6. Thiswill set up the capability of setting the tens of hours counter at which time the outputs of'the latching NAND gates GSB, G4D, GSA, and G4C will be 1 0 l 0, respectively, as shown in TABLE I, which outputs are established by the inputs as shown. Since G4C is at 0, BCl through BC7 will be enabled to count normally. 65B is at l which resets BC8 and BC9 to O. GSD is at 0" disabling gates GlA, GlC, G2A, G2D, and 63A such that BC10 through BC13 are isolated from one another. In switch position 6 the one-half Hz frequency is applied through SlB to G3B causing BC13 to count at a one-half Hz rate. As soon as the count in BC13 reaches the desired starting point in tens of hours, the'switch S1 is rotated to the fifth position setting up the latching NAND gate outputs to l O l O as shown in the hours, column 5 of TABLE I. This now places the one-half I-Iz signal as an input through G2B to the hours counter which can be run up at the one-half Hz rate until the desired hours count is reached. This same procedure is used for the 10s of minutes count on contact 4 and the minutes count on contact 3 of switch S1 to preset the tens of minutes and minutes counters ECU and BC10 which will be digitally read out on 42 and 43, respectively.

After each of the four significant decade counters is preset to the desired 10s of hours, 10s of minutes and minutes, switch S1 is rotated to the hold position contact 2. In this position G4C output goes to a l resetting counters BCl through BC7 to 0 count. G4D remains at 0 isolating the preset counters BC10 through BC13 while GSB remains at l resetting BC8 and BC9 to count 0. At the appropriate time switch S1 is rotated to the first contact position or run" position and all counters are allowed to resume normal operation of counting time, as hereinabove described.

The one-half Hz frequency used as a preset forcing pulse was considered the fastest allowable frequency since it is necessary for the operator to switch to the next decade as soon as the count reaches the desired value in the decade being preset as a faster preset forcing pulse would require a reaction probably exceeding that of a normal person. Only a single simple switch S1 is required to preset the four most significant decades of the digital clock and immediate and continuous readout is provided by the digital readout means through so that precise setting of the clock may be accomplished and accurate timing is provided. If it is desirable to use an external source such as from house current, terminal 24 may be coupled to a 60 cycle source and the voltage regulated to some low voltage, herein shown to be 6.3 volts, and this external source can then be used by switching S2 to contact 23 to provide at least a semiprecision count by a clock means of this invention.

While many modifications may be made by the application of different voltages or the use of different flatpacs requiring different voltages, it is to be understood that I desire to be limited in the spirit of my invention only by the scope of the appended claims.

I claim:

1. A 24- hour digital clock comprising:

a stable oscillator of high frequency having an outpled to said switch contact of said other gang constituting said very low frequency source. 4. A 24 hour digital clock as set forth in claim 3 wherein said first NAND latching gate consists of two NAN D gates cross coupled from output to one input, all but one of said one gang of switch contacts being pled to a divide-by-six counter with the first of said series decade counter having its input coupled to coupled as inputs to one of said two NAND gates and the one contact of said one gang of switch con tacts being an input to the other of said two NAND the output of said series string of binary counters, 10 gates the first pair of decade and divide-by-six counters being coupled through a first set of NAND gates f g dlgltal clock as set forth m clam 4 and said second of said pair of decade counter and Said secon NAND latching gate consists of two dmde'by'slx counter bemg coupled through a NAND gates cross coupled from the output to one second set of NAND gates;

a decade counter and a J-K flipflop circuit with the decade counter input coupled through a third set of NAND gates to the output of the last in the series of binary pairs and coupled together through a fourth set of NAND gates;

a selector switch of two gangs having a plurality of positions, the switchable contact of one gang being coupled to a fixed potential and the switchable contact of the other gang being coupled to a very input, all but a second of said contacts of said one gang switch contacts being coupled to one of said NAND gates of said second NAND latching gates, the second of said contacts being coupled to the other NAND gate of said second NAND latching gates, said output of said second NAND latching gates being from said other NAND gate. 6. A 24- hour digital clock as set forth in claim 5 wherein 25 said external supply of sixty cycles per second low frequency source, the plurality of contacts of said one gang being coupled through a first NAND latching gate to said first through four NAND gates and the contacts of said other gang being coupled to a direct current voltage source through resistors and to said first through four NAND gates, and a second NAND latching gate coupled to said first NAND latching gate, to said direct current voltage source through said resistors, and to said series string of binary counters to provide setting of said two pairs of binary counters to zero, setting of said decade counter and J-K flipflop to zero, and setting of said series string of binary counters to start a new count by selected positions of said selector switch; and

digital readout means coupled to each binary decade counter, divide-by-six counter, and J-K flip-flop to provide numerical display of seconds, 10s of seconds, minutes, 10s of minutes, hours, and 10s frequency coupled to said frequency selector switch is through a Schmidt trigger to provide a square wave input from said supply.

7. A 24-hour digital clock as set forth in claim 6 wherein said fourth set of NAND gates include three NAND gates, the first and second thereof being coupled as inputs to the third thereof, the output of the latter being said coupling to said J-K flip-flop, the output of said J-K flipflop being fed back as an input to said first NAND gate of said fourth set and the output of said first NAND gate of said fourth set being fed back to said decade counter for said hours count, and said first NAND gate having inputs coupled to the outputs of said hours decade counter in a manner whereby said J-K flipflop will count in tens of hours to two and the hours counter will count to three and both counters will be reset to zero on the next input to said hours decade of hours whereby a precise time piece is provided counter. that is readily settable for time changes without 8- A 2 hour digital Clock as set forth in claim 7 vibration interference. wherein Z, A 24-hour digital cl k as set f rth i l im 1 said coupling of each seconds and minutes decade wherein counter to the corresponding digital readout means has the digit of the least significant bit coupled back to the decade counter and the fourth most significant bit constituting said output to said said series string of binary counters each produce 5 frequency division to one point in the coupling producing 60 cycles per second at which coupling point includes a frequency selector switch to alp Q Y' counten ternately select the frequency through said series hour dlgltal clock as Set forth Clalm 8 string of binary counters and an external supply of l' 6() Cycle per Second frequency. said coupling of each 10s of seconds and lQof 3 A 24 digital clock as Set f th in claim 2 minutes divide-by-six counters has the least signifiwherein cant digital bit coupled back as an input to itself said series string of binary counters produces in the and the thlrd most S1gnifiant bit constituting Said last binary counter said one cycle per second out- Output to the next hlgher order counterput and a one-half cycle per second output cou- 1 CERTHFICATE 09E (:QRRECTEGN v UNDER RULE 322 Patent No. 763 Dated October 24 1972 Y DAVID L. ZEPH inventor(s) It is certified that error appears in the above-identified patent and that said Letters Patent are hereby corrected as shown below:

To Read:

Column 3, line 62, change "0)L" To read:

Column 5, TABLE I, under "LatchingNAND Gates" above "O-Disables insert G4D Under "Tens of Hours", delete the vertical column of figures and letters and add:

O O l l O l l O O l O l Under "tens of Minutes" delete "tg" Signed and sealed this 13th day of March 1973.

(SEAL) Attest:

ilgl glgil Ll ldglgCHERJR. ROBERT GOTTSCHALK g icer Commissioner of Patents Pam i i were mmnm"0mm I CERTIFICATE @IE QQRREQTEUN UNDER RULE 322 Patent No. 763 Dated O t b 24 1972 Inventor s DAVID 'L. ZEPH It is certified that error appears in the above-identified patent and that said Letters Patent are hereby corrected as shown below:

the Patent, Column 2, line 62, change "'0 0 To Read:

Column 3, line 62, change "0)L" To read:

Column 5, TABLE I, under "Latching .NAND Gates" above "(J-Disables" insert G4D Under "Tens of Hours", delete the vertical column of figures and lettersand add:

0 O l l O l l O O l O l Under "tens of Minutes" delete "tg" Signed and sealed this 13th day of March 1973.

(SEAL) Attest:

EDWARD M.PLETCHER,JR. Attesting Officer ROBERT GOTTSCHALK Commissioner of Patents

Claims

1. A 24- hour digital clock comprising: a stable oscillator of high frequency having an output; a series string of binary counters having the first of the series string coupled to the output of said oscillator and coupled in series to divide said oscillator frequency to a frequency of one cycle per second on an output thereof; a series of two pairs of binary counters, each pair including a decade counter having its output coupled to a divide-by-six counter with the first of said series decade counter having its input coupled to the output of said series string of binary counters, the first pair of decade and divide-by-six counters being coupled through a first set of NAND gatEs and said second of said pair of decade counter and divide-by-six counter being coupled through a second set of NAND gates; a decade counter and a J-K flipflop circuit with the decade counter input coupled through a third set of NAND gates to the output of the last in the series of binary pairs and coupled together through a fourth set of NAND gates; a selector switch of two gangs having a plurality of positions, the switchable contact of one gang being coupled to a fixed potential and the switchable contact of the other gang being coupled to a very low frequency source, the plurality of contacts of said one gang being coupled through a first NAND latching gate to said first through four NAND gates and the contacts of said other gang being coupled to a direct current voltage source through resistors and to said first through four NAND gates, and a second NAND latching gate coupled to said first NAND latching gate, to said direct current voltage source through said resistors, and to said series string of binary counters to provide setting of said two pairs of binary counters to zero, setting of said decade counter and J-K flipflop to zero, and setting of said series string of binary counters to start a new count by selected positions of said selector switch; and digital readout means coupled to each binary decade counter, divide-by-six counter, and J-K flip-flop to provide numerical display of seconds, 10s of seconds, minutes, 10s of minutes, hours, and 10s of hours whereby a precise time piece is provided that is readily settable for time changes without vibration interference.

2. A 24-hour digital clock as set forth in claim 1 wherein said series string of binary counters each produce frequency division to one point in the coupling producing 60 cycles per second at which coupling point includes a frequency selector switch to alternately select the frequency through said series string of binary counters and an external supply of 60 cycle per second frequency.

3. A 24-hour digital clock as set forth in claim 2 wherein said series string of binary counters produces in the last binary counter said one cycle per second output and a one-half cycle per second output coupled to said switch contact of said other gang constituting said very low frequency source.

4. A 24 hour digital clock as set forth in claim 3 wherein said first NAND latching gate consists of two NAND gates cross coupled from output to one input, all but one of said one gang of switch contacts being coupled as inputs to one of said two NAND gates and the one contact of said one gang of switch contacts being an input to the other of said two NAND gates.

5. A 24-hour digital clock as set forth in claim 4 wherein said second NAND latching gate consists of two NAND gates cross coupled from the output to one input, all but a second of said contacts of said one gang switch contacts being coupled to one of said NAND gates of said second NAND latching gates, the second of said contacts being coupled to the other NAND gate of said second NAND latching gates, said output of said second NAND latching gates being from said other NAND gate.

6. A 24- hour digital clock as set forth in claim 5 wherein said external supply of sixty cycles per second frequency coupled to said frequency selector switch is through a Schmidt trigger to provide a square wave input from said supply.

7. A 24-hour digital clock as set forth in claim 6 wherein said fourth set of NAND gates include three NAND gates, the first and second thereof being coupled as inputs to the third thereof, the output of the latter being said coupling to said J-K flip-flop, the output of said J-K flipflop being fed back as an input to said first NAND gate of said fourth set and the output of said first NAND gate of said fourth set being fed back to said decade counter for said hours Count, and said first NAND gate having inputs coupled to the outputs of said hours decade counter in a manner whereby said J-K flipflop will count in tens of hours to two and the hours counter will count to three and both counters will be reset to zero on the next input to said hours decade counter.

8. A 24- hour digital clock as set forth in claim 7 wherein said coupling of each seconds and minutes decade counter to the corresponding digital readout means has the digit of the least significant bit coupled back to the decade counter and the fourth most significant bit constituting said output to said corresponding divide-by-six counter.

9. A 24- hour digital clock as set forth in claim 8 wherein said coupling of each 10s of seconds and 10of minutes divide-by-six counters has the least significant digital bit coupled back as an input to itself and the third most significant bit constituting said output to the next higher order counter.