US3698067A - Method for mounting a pipe in a perforated plate - Google Patents

Method for mounting a pipe in a perforated plate Download PDF

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Publication number
US3698067A
US3698067A US69703A US3698067DA US3698067A US 3698067 A US3698067 A US 3698067A US 69703 A US69703 A US 69703A US 3698067D A US3698067D A US 3698067DA US 3698067 A US3698067 A US 3698067A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
pipe
explosive
plate
bore
zone
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US69703A
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English (en)
Inventor
Rene T Feiss
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sulzer AG
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Sulzer AG
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of US3698067A publication Critical patent/US3698067A/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D39/00—Application of procedures in order to connect objects or parts, e.g. coating with sheet metal otherwise than by plating; Tube expanders
    • B21D39/06—Application of procedures in order to connect objects or parts, e.g. coating with sheet metal otherwise than by plating; Tube expanders of tubes in openings, e.g. rolling-in
    • B21D39/066—Application of procedures in order to connect objects or parts, e.g. coating with sheet metal otherwise than by plating; Tube expanders of tubes in openings, e.g. rolling-in using explosives
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/04—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates
    • F28F9/16—Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates by permanent joints, e.g. by rolling

Definitions

  • a third explosive member can also be fitted in the pipe for welding the pipe to an opposite side of 8 Claims, 4 Drawing Figures ll' 'lll PATENTEDUBI 17 I972 SHEU 2 BF 4 mu m mu 5 PATENTEDom n ma SHEET 3 BF 4 lll' llll lllflIlll'il'llllil'”!!!g'll! GEL a Inventor RENE F's/5s 5y ,w 7flg%zgwwg y flTrO/VEYS PHENTED B 17 I97? 3.698.067
  • This invention relates to an apparatus and method for mounting a pipe in a perforated plate and, more particularly, to an apparatus and method for mounting the pipe by means of explosive pressure waves.
  • the invention provides a method and apparatus of expanding a part of a pipe located within a bore of a plate while welding another part of the pipe within the bore to the plate.
  • the method of the invention includes the step of exploding a first explosive charge positioned within a first zone of a pipe to cause the pipe to become welded to the plate in the first zone by means of a explosive pressure wave while, in the same operation, exploding a second explosive charge positioned within a second zone of the pipe to cause the pipe to expand into bearing contact with the plate in this second zone.
  • the pipe is expanded over the greater part of its insertion length with a perforated plate and is welded to the plate at two different zones.
  • the pipe is welded by means of first charge in one zone of the pipe to the plate, expanded by means of a second charge in a second zone to bear against the plate and welded by means of a third charge in a third zone to the plate. It is advantageous to perform the welding on the two sides of the pipe disposed closely adjacent the two sides of the perforated plate since gap corrosion can then be completely excluded.
  • the apparatus of the invention is constructed to cooperate with a pipe which is inserted within a bore of a perforated plate.
  • This apparatus in one embodiment, includes a first explosive charge which is positioned within the pipe in a first zone and a second explosive charge which is positioned within the pipe in a second zone.
  • These two charges are of different detonation characteristics whereby the first charge is sufficient upon detonation to weld the pipe to the bore wall of the plate while the second charge is sufficient upon detonation to expand the pipe into bearing contact with the bore wall within the second zone.
  • the charges can be mounted within a suitable resilient pressure transmitting means, such as a tubular insert, so as to be mounted within a pipe as a unit.
  • Such a means can be constructed to prevent entry of any particles of the exploded charges into the interior of the pipe spaced from the plane of the plate and to permit an accurate placement of the charges within the pipe.
  • an additional explosive charge can be used to weld the pipe to the plate at another spaced apart zone from the zone of the first weld.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a part cross-sectional view of an apparatus according to the invention in place within a P p
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a view similar to FlG. l of a modified apparatus according to the invention
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a view similar to FIG. 2 of another modified apparatus according to the invention.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a view similar to FIG. 1 of an apparatus according to the invention for welding a pipe in two zones to a plate.
  • a pipe 3 is disposed in a bore I of a perforated plate 2, for example. the pipe end plate of a heat exchanger to be secured therein and is of an insertion length equal to the thickness of the plate 2.
  • the pipe 3 is provided with a portion 4 of smaller diameter than the bore 1 so that an annular gap 5 is disposed between the outer surface 6 of the pipe and the wall 7 of the bore 1.
  • This portion 4 of the pipe 3 is the portion which is to be metallically joined or welded to the pipe end plate 2.
  • the annular gap 5 ensures that the pipe wall in this zone can be accelerated to an adequate velocity before striking the wall 7 of the bore 1, a condition which is a prerequisite for the establishment of the weld.
  • the inserted pipe 1 is provided with two collars 10, 11 to ensure that it is disposed concentrically in the bore 1 of the pipe end plate 2.
  • the collars 10, 11 are hydraulically produced expansions of the pipe 3.
  • the non-expanded part 12 of the pipe between the collars 10, l 1 forms a uniform annular gap 13 with the bore 1.
  • the collar 10 is also provided to avoid any slack at the rear end 14 of the pipe end plate 2 since it is not possible, or only with difficulty, to control the pressure wave to such an extent that the wave causes the pipe 3 to bear reliably on the wall 2 of the bore 1 as far as the rear end 14 of the pipe end plate 2 without inflating the pipe 3 near the emerging position 15.
  • gaps are always undesirable since they give rise to gap corrosion.
  • a resilient pressure transmission insert 20 is disposed in the pipe 3.
  • This insert 20 has a base 21 which closes the pipe 3 on one side and prevents products of the explosion being thrown into the pipe 3.
  • a plastics sleeve 22 is inserted into the pressure transmission insert 20 and contains in that sequence a detonating cartridge 23, a first explosive charge or explosive member 24, and a second explosive charge 25 adjoining the first charge 24.
  • Both explosive charges 24, 25 may be in the form of an explosive cord with plastics sheath.
  • the sleeve 22 is provided with two grooves 26, 27 in the outer surface into which detonating conductors 28, 29 of the detonating cartridge 23 are installed and extended to an exploder (not shown) as well as with two apertures 30, 31 through which the detonating conductors 28, 29 pass to the cartridge 23.
  • a collar 32 is provided on the pressure transmission insert 20. This prevents fumes of the explosion from reaching the welding zone since the fumes have a corrosive effeet.
  • the detonating cartridge 23 In operation, in order to mount the pipe 3 in the pipe end plate 2, the detonating cartridge 23 is operated by the exploder (not shown) as is known. The detonating cartridge 23 then detonates the first explosive member 24. The pressure waves resulting from this explosion cause the pipe 3 to be expanded over the entire length of the part 12 between the hydraulically produced expansion collars l and 11 so that the external circumference of the pipe 3 bears firmly at that position on the internal wall surface of the bore 1 in the pipe end plate 2. At the moment at which the travelling detonation of the first explosive member 24 reaches the second explosive member 25, the second member 25 becomes detonated.
  • the charges of the two explosive members 24 and 25 are adapted to their functions, namely the expansion or welding respectively of the pipe, that is, the charge of the explosive member 25 used to weld is greater than that of the explosive member 24 used to expand.
  • the greater charge may, for example, be obtained by making the internal diameter of the pressure "transmission insert 20 in the welding zone greater than in the expansion zone so that a larger quantity of explosive substance may be accommodated thereat.
  • [t is advantageous if the detonation rate of the explosive member 24 for expanding the pipe is made large since a substantial expansion effect can be achieved with a small quantity of explosive substance.
  • the detonation velocity of the explosive member 25 for the welding operation may be made smaller.
  • the detonation velocity of the explosive member 24 for expansion is greater than the sonic velocity in the pipe wall.
  • a bore 35 in a pipe end plate 36 is provided with a slightly flared expanded portion 33 at one side which is disposed near the end 37 of a pipe 39 which is inserted therein.
  • Half the apex angle of the expansion is designated with a.
  • a pressure transmission insert 40 provided with a collar 41 is inserted into the pipe 39 as far as the abutment of the collar 41 with the pipe end 31.
  • the pressure transmission insert 40 is also provided'with a longitudinal bore 42 in which an explosive charge or an explosive member 43 in the form of an explosive cord is disposed with a damping medium 45 being disposed in the forward remaining space 44 of the longitudinal bore 42.
  • the pressure transmission insert 40 also has a blind hole 46 with a tapered floor 47 disposed on the collar side.
  • a cup-shaped explosive charge or explosive member 48 is disposed in the blind hole 46 and has a peripheral wall and a conical base 49 with a bore 50 passing therethrough of a diameter which corresponds to the diameter of the explosive member 43.
  • the space remaining between the explosive member 43 and the peripheral wall of the explosive member 48 is filled by a metal tube 51 which extends outwardly beyond the collar 41 of the pressure transmitting insert 40.
  • the explosive member 43 is detonated at the righthand end as viewed.
  • the explosive member 43 then detonates in the direction of the pipe 39, that is, from right to lefi as viewed.
  • the metal pipe 51 elastically absorbs the greater portion of the thrust energy so that hardly any deformation of the pipe 39 occurs in the zone of the metal pipe 51.
  • the damping medium 45 comprising, for example, an expanded substance based on polyurethane, prevents excessive back pressure of the explosive wave front.
  • a tubular pressure transmission insert 65 is provided with an explosive member 66 adjoining a detonating cartridge 67 which, in turn, is surrounded by an explosive member 68 in the form of an explosive with
  • the explosive member 66 once again having the form of an explosive cord, serves to expand aiength of a pipe 69 inserted in a pipe end plate 70 while the explosive foil 68 serves to weld the end of the pipe 69 to the pipe end plate 70.
  • Both explosive members 66, 68 are detonated simultaneously by the detonating cartridge 67 so that expansion and welding proceed practically simultaneously.
  • the bore of the perforated plate 76 is provided on the front side 77 with a conical portion 78 while the rear or pipe nest side 79 of the bore 75 is provided with a conical portion 80 and a contiguous cylindrical portion 81.
  • the interior of the pipe is, as above, provided with a pressure transmitting insert 82 in which a detonating cartridge 85 with detonating wires 86, 87 an adjoining explosive member 88 which extends over the greater portion of the insertion length of the pipe, and an adjoining explosive member 89 are disposed.
  • the explosive member 88 adjacent the cartridge 85 serves to expand the pipe when exploded while the next explosive member 89 serves to weld the pipe to the pipe end plate 76 near the end of the pipe.
  • the detonating cartridge 85 is disposed partially within a cup-shaped explosive member 90 which is centered therein by means of an insert 91.
  • the pressure transmitting insert 82 is closed on the pipe nest side by a plug 83 firmly joined thereto so that the detonating cartridge 85 cannot be driven into the interior of the pipe as by a reaction effect. Moreover, corrosive fumes are prevented from ingressing into the interior of the pipe.
  • the pipe end side of the pressure transmitting insert 82 is also closed by a plug 84 which prevents the ingress of fumes into the weld zone.
  • the detonating cartridge 85 is detonated and in turn initiates the combustion of the cup-shaped explosive member 90 and of the explosive member 88.
  • the pressure waves issuing from the explosive member 90 causes the pipe to be welded to the perforated plate on the pipe nest side 79 in the same manner as described above in reference to FIG. 2.
  • the cylindrical part 81 of the bore 75 prevents the pipe from being inflated outside the pipe and plate so that inflation is therefore confined to the cylindrical part 81 of the bore 75.
  • the combustion of the explosive member 88 is accompanied by an expansion of the pipe which is brought to bear upon the internal wall of the bore 75.
  • the member 88 detonates the explosive member 89 which welds the pipe to the perforated plate via the conical part of the bore.
  • a damping means for example, in the form of a liquid stratum of the perforated plate if the pipe nest is vertically positioned, can be used.
  • a damping means can also be used with the cylindrical part 81. The advantage of this is that the explosive charge 90 can be brought even closer to the weld zone.
  • the various perforated plates described above may be provided with a hood to reduce noise nuisance during the mounting operation and the hood may be evacuated.
  • the invention thus makes it possible on the one hand to weld a pipe to a perforated plate and on the other hand to expand the pipe over the greater part of the insertion length within the plate to thus avoid gap corrosion.
  • a method of mounting a pipe in a bore of a thick perforated plate which comprises the steps of welding a first part of the pipe to the plate in a first zone of said bore under an explosive pressure wave created by a first explosive member, and expanding a second part of the pipe to the plate in a second zone of said bore under a second explosive pressure wave created by a second explosive member in the same operation.
  • a method as set forth in claim 1 which further comprises the steps of welding a third part of the pipe to the plate in a third zone of said bore under a third explosive pressure wave created by a third explosive member in s id operatio 3.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
  • Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)
US69703A 1969-09-23 1970-09-04 Method for mounting a pipe in a perforated plate Expired - Lifetime US3698067A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH1432669A CH514373A (de) 1969-09-23 1969-09-23 Verfahren zum Befestigen eines Rohres in einer Lochplatte mittels Explosionsdruckwellen, Mittel zur Durchführung des Verfahrens

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3698067A true US3698067A (en) 1972-10-17

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US69703A Expired - Lifetime US3698067A (en) 1969-09-23 1970-09-04 Method for mounting a pipe in a perforated plate

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US3698067A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AT (1) AT303496B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE756406A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA937786A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CH (1) CH514373A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE1949573B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2060628A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1315179A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL6915766A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3777362A (en) * 1971-03-04 1973-12-11 Asea Ab Method of manufacturing rods or wire of compound material
US4028789A (en) * 1976-03-29 1977-06-14 Westinghouse Electric Corporation Method of installing a sleeve in one end of a tube
FR2346098A1 (fr) * 1976-03-31 1977-10-28 Wojskowa Akad Tech Procede de fixation par explosion, de tubes, notamment d'echangeurs thermiques, charge explosive pour l'application de ce procede
US4103813A (en) * 1975-08-21 1978-08-01 European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom) Sealing of controlled-atmosphere containers by magnewelding
US4205422A (en) * 1977-06-15 1980-06-03 Yorkshire Imperial Metals Limited Tube repairs
US4527623A (en) * 1981-12-21 1985-07-09 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. Kinetically bonded tubes and tubesheet
US4587904A (en) * 1985-01-07 1986-05-13 Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation Debris free plug assembly for heat exchange tubes
EP0213699A3 (en) * 1985-08-26 1987-09-30 Foster Wheeler Development Corporation Apparatus for forming an explosively expanded tube-tube sheet joint including a barrier tube
US4749117A (en) * 1986-04-01 1988-06-07 Public Service Electric And Gas Company Tube sheet welding

Families Citing this family (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2370546A1 (fr) * 1976-11-16 1978-06-09 Fives Cail Babcock Procede et dispositif pour le refendage de brames coulees en continu
FI791359A7 (fi) * 1979-04-26 1981-01-01 A Ahlstroem Oy Menetelmä putken liittämiseksi levyyn räjäytyshitsaustakäyttäen ja räjähdyspanos menetelmän toteuttamiseksi.
US4347790A (en) * 1979-07-11 1982-09-07 Cockerill And Centre De Technologies Nouvelles Explosive plug for blocking tubes
DE3021862C2 (de) * 1980-06-11 1982-12-02 Heinrich Dr.-Ing. 5060 Bergisch Gladbach Hampel Anordnung zum Befestigen eines Metallrohres in einer Bohrung einer Metallplatte mit metallurgischer Bindung durch fortschreitende Sprengstoffdetonation
DE3305615C2 (de) * 1983-02-18 1986-10-16 Heinrich Dr.-Ing. 4290 Bocholt Hampel Anordnung zum Befestigen eines Rohres in einer Lochplatte mittels Explosionsdruckwellen
JPS6086397A (ja) * 1983-07-11 1985-05-15 ザ・バブコツク・アンド・ウイルコツクス・カンパニ− 管膨脹装置および方法
DE3411458C1 (de) * 1984-03-01 1985-10-10 Heinrich Dr.-Ing. 4290 Bocholt Hampel Befestigen eines Rohres in einer Lochplatte mittels Explosionsdruck
RU2128560C1 (ru) * 1997-04-16 1999-04-10 Акционерное общество "Подольский машиностроительный завод" Способ соединения труб с трубными решетками и устройство для его осуществления
RU2486024C1 (ru) * 2012-03-14 2013-06-27 Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Уральский федеральный университет имени первого Президента России Б.Н. Ельцина" Устройство для внутреннего профилирования труб

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2667836A (en) * 1950-03-28 1954-02-02 Joseph H Church Apparatus for the use of shaped explosive charges
US3313021A (en) * 1964-03-02 1967-04-11 Stanford Research Inst Explosive butt welding
US3411687A (en) * 1967-03-07 1968-11-19 Westinghouse Electric Corp Explosive tube welding tool
US3411198A (en) * 1966-06-06 1968-11-19 Foster Wheeler Corp Explosive expansion of tubes into tube sheets
US3426681A (en) * 1967-06-15 1969-02-11 Combustion Eng Expansion of tubes into tube sheet by use of explosives
US3446047A (en) * 1966-06-03 1969-05-27 Ici Ltd Detonator locating device
US3503110A (en) * 1965-09-14 1970-03-31 Yorkshire Imperial Metals Ltd Securing tubes into tube plates
US3566649A (en) * 1969-01-06 1971-03-02 Ideas Inc Explosive swage device for tubing
US3590877A (en) * 1968-09-20 1971-07-06 Babcock & Wilcox Co Explosive-activated plug

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2667836A (en) * 1950-03-28 1954-02-02 Joseph H Church Apparatus for the use of shaped explosive charges
US3313021A (en) * 1964-03-02 1967-04-11 Stanford Research Inst Explosive butt welding
US3503110A (en) * 1965-09-14 1970-03-31 Yorkshire Imperial Metals Ltd Securing tubes into tube plates
US3446047A (en) * 1966-06-03 1969-05-27 Ici Ltd Detonator locating device
US3411198A (en) * 1966-06-06 1968-11-19 Foster Wheeler Corp Explosive expansion of tubes into tube sheets
US3411687A (en) * 1967-03-07 1968-11-19 Westinghouse Electric Corp Explosive tube welding tool
US3426681A (en) * 1967-06-15 1969-02-11 Combustion Eng Expansion of tubes into tube sheet by use of explosives
US3590877A (en) * 1968-09-20 1971-07-06 Babcock & Wilcox Co Explosive-activated plug
US3566649A (en) * 1969-01-06 1971-03-02 Ideas Inc Explosive swage device for tubing

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3777362A (en) * 1971-03-04 1973-12-11 Asea Ab Method of manufacturing rods or wire of compound material
US4103813A (en) * 1975-08-21 1978-08-01 European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom) Sealing of controlled-atmosphere containers by magnewelding
US4028789A (en) * 1976-03-29 1977-06-14 Westinghouse Electric Corporation Method of installing a sleeve in one end of a tube
FR2346098A1 (fr) * 1976-03-31 1977-10-28 Wojskowa Akad Tech Procede de fixation par explosion, de tubes, notamment d'echangeurs thermiques, charge explosive pour l'application de ce procede
US4205422A (en) * 1977-06-15 1980-06-03 Yorkshire Imperial Metals Limited Tube repairs
US4527623A (en) * 1981-12-21 1985-07-09 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. Kinetically bonded tubes and tubesheet
US4587904A (en) * 1985-01-07 1986-05-13 Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation Debris free plug assembly for heat exchange tubes
EP0213699A3 (en) * 1985-08-26 1987-09-30 Foster Wheeler Development Corporation Apparatus for forming an explosively expanded tube-tube sheet joint including a barrier tube
US4749117A (en) * 1986-04-01 1988-06-07 Public Service Electric And Gas Company Tube sheet welding

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1315179A (en) 1973-04-26
NL6915766A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1971-03-25
CA937786A (en) 1973-12-04
DE1949573B2 (de) 1971-09-23
DE1949573A1 (de) 1971-04-01
AT303496B (de) 1972-11-27
BE756406A (fr) 1971-03-22
CH514373A (de) 1971-10-31
FR2060628A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1971-06-18

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