US3697261A - Manufacture of cylindrical bodies from metal powder - Google Patents
Manufacture of cylindrical bodies from metal powder Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3697261A US3697261A US22424A US3697261DA US3697261A US 3697261 A US3697261 A US 3697261A US 22424 A US22424 A US 22424A US 3697261D A US3697261D A US 3697261DA US 3697261 A US3697261 A US 3697261A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- mould
- powder
- powders
- roll
- compacted
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title abstract description 75
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 20
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title description 18
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 19
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 17
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000004482 other powder Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 8
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 210000003739 neck Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010720 hydraulic oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
- B22F7/06—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B27/00—Rolls, roll alloys or roll fabrication; Lubricating, cooling or heating rolls while in use
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/02—Compacting only
- B22F3/06—Compacting only by centrifugal forces
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
- B22F3/14—Both compacting and sintering simultaneously
- B22F3/15—Hot isostatic pressing
Definitions
- a first aspect of the invention in a method of manufacturing a composite generally cylindrical body at least two metallic powders are introduced into different parts of a thin-walled mould, the mould is closed and the mould and the powder therein are subjected to a compaction process to compact the powder into a solid body of the required dimensions and the compacted powder is sintered.
- the mould and the powder therein are conveniently compacted by an isostatic process. This process can either take place at an ambient temperature or it may take place at an elevated temperature.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Abstract
A GENERALLY CYCLINDRICAL BODY SUCH AS THE ROLL FOR A ROLLING MILL OR CALENDER IS MANUFACTURED FROM AT LEAST TWO METALLIC POWDERS. THE POWDERS ARE INTRODUCED INTO DIFFERENT PARTS OF A THIN-WALLED MOULD AND THE MOULD AND THE POWDER THEREIN ARE COMPACTED TO COMPACT THE POWDER INTO A SOLID BODY AND THE COMPACTED POWDER IS SINTERED. IT IS PREFERABLY FOR ONE OF THE POWDERS INTRODUCED INTO THE MOULD TO CONSTITUTE A CORE WHICH IS SURROUNDED BY THE OTHER POWDER OR POWDERS. TO INTRODUCE THE POWDERS INTO THE MOULD IT IS PREFERRED FOR THE MOULD TO BE ROTATED ABOUT ITS LONGITUDINAL AXIS WITH ONE OF THE POWDERS INTRODUCE INTO THE MOULD TO FORM A LAYER ON THE INNER LONGITUDINALLY EXTRUDING WALL OF THE MOULD AND THE SECOND POWDER IS INTRODUCED INTO THE MOULD TO FORM THE CORE. THE COMPACTION PROCESS MAY BE A HOT OR COLD ISOSTATIC COMPACTION PROCESS.
Description
MANUFACTURE OF CYLINDRICAL BODIES FROM METAL POWDER Filed March 25, 1970 Fla land
Filed Mar. 25, 1970, Ser. No. 22,424 Claims priority, application Great Britain, Apr. 2, 1969, 17,287/69 Int. Cl. B22f /00 US." Cl. 75208 R 9 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A generally cylindrical body such as the roll for a rolling mill or calender is manufactured from at least two metallic powders. The powders are introduced into different parts of a thin-walled mould and the mould and the powder therein are compacted to compact the powder into a solid body and the compacted powder is sintered. It is preferable for one of the powders introduced into the mould to constitute a core which is surrounded by the other powder or powders. To introduce the powders into the mould it is preferred for the mould to be rotated about its longitudinal axis with one of the powders introduced into the mould to form a layer on the inner longitudinally extending wall of the mould and the second powder is introduced into the mould to form the core. The compaction process may be a hot or cold isostatic compaction process.
This invention relates to the manufacture of generally cylindrical bodies from metal powder. A particular, but not sole, application of the invention relates to the manufacture from metal powder of rolls suitable for use in a rolling mill or calender.
Rolls suitable for use in a rolling mill or calender are conventionally cast in a mould and the casting is then removed from the mould and machined to the required dimensions. It is usual to manufacture the casting considerably oversize and consequently the excess metal has to be removed at a considerable cost in time and money.
It is not necessary for the Whole of a roll for a rolling mill or calender to be produced from the same type of metal. For example the roll barrel may be of iron or steel alloy which has the property of high surface hardness whereas the core of the roll may be formed from iron or steel which does not have the property of high surface hardness and which is cheaper than the metal used for the roll barrel. With the conventional method of manufacturing a roll it is virtually impossible to manufacture such a composite roll in which the roll barrel has different metallurgical properties to the core of the roll.
It is an object of the present invention to manufacture a generally cylindrical body, such as a roll for a rolling mill or calender which is of composite construction.
According to a first aspect of the invention in a method of manufacturing a composite generally cylindrical body at least two metallic powders are introduced into different parts of a thin-walled mould, the mould is closed and the mould and the powder therein are subjected to a compaction process to compact the powder into a solid body of the required dimensions and the compacted powder is sintered.
It is preferable for one of the powders to be introduced into the mould to constitute a core which is surrounded by the other powder or powders.
In order to introduce the powder into the required parts of the mould it is convenient for the mould to be 3,697,261 Patented Oct. 10, 1972 "ice rotated about its longitudinal axis and one of the powders to be introduced into the mould so as to form a layer on at least part of the inner longitudinally extending wall of the mould and a second powder is introduced into the mould to form a core surrounded by the first powder. When loading the mould to produce a composite generally cylindrical body such as a roll, a powder which may be of iron or steel alloy and which has the property of high surface hardness is introduced into the rotating mould and the powder is thrown into contact with the inner surface of the mould which defines the roll barrel until a layer of the required thickness is built up. If a different type of powder is required for the roll necks then this powder is introduced into the mould so as to build up a layer on each of the axially end parts of the inner wall of the mould and a third powder which does not have the property of high surface hardness and which is cheaper than the powders used for the roll barrel and the roll necks is added to the container to fill up the space inside the layers and form a core which supports these layers.
The mould and the powder therein are conveniently compacted by an isostatic process. This process can either take place at an ambient temperature or it may take place at an elevated temperature.
When the process takes place at ambient temperature the mould may be of rubber or plastic material and the mould and the powder therein is subjected to a squeezing action on all sides of the mould by fluid such as hydraulic oil at a pressure of the order of 50 to tons per sq. in. The squeezing action compacts the powder to form the required generally cylindrical body. The compacted powder is subsequently removed from the mould and is sintered at a temperature in the order of 2000 F. for twenty minutes to one hour. When the isostatic compaction takes place at an elevated temperature a hot fluid such as argon gas may be used. With this arrangement the mould is of metal and the compaction and sintering takes place simultaneously. The compaction pressure is in the order of 30,000 lbs. per sq. in. and the temperature is of the order of 1200 to 1300 F. The mould is subsequently machined off of the compacted and sintered body.
An alternative method of compacting the powder is for the mould and the powder to be compacted between dies in a forging press or other impact machine. The compacted body is then sintered. With such a compaction process the mould is usually of metal and after the sintering process the metal mould is machined off of the compacted body.
In order that the invention may be more readily understood it will now be described, by Way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawing, in which:
FIG. 1 is a side elevation, partly in section of a mould suitable for the manufacture of a roll for a rolling mill or calender, showing how the metallic powders may be introduced into the mould,
FIG. 2 is a plan of the apparatus shown in FIG. 1, and
FIG. 3 shows diagrammatically isostatic compaction equipment.
To manulfacture a composite roll suitable for use in a rolling mill or calender, a mould 1 of thin-walled metal is arranged with its longitudinal axis vertical on a turntable 2 (FIGS. 1 and 2). The mould has a central generally cylindrical portion which corresponds to the shape and dimensions of the barrel part of the roll which is to be formed and at each end of this part there is a frusto-conical portion 3 which corresponds to the neck at each end of the roll. The turntable is operated to rotate the mould about its longitudinal axis and a powder of an iron or steel alloy which may have a high surface hardness is introduced into the mould through a tube 4 extending into the mould through the upper open end thereof. The powder is fed into the lower frustoconical portion 3 of the mould. The tube is gradually withdrawn upwardly as the powder is introduced into the mould thereby causing a uniform filling of the lower frusto-conical portion 3.
To fill the central cylindrical portion of the mould, a powder of an iron or steel alloy which has the properties of a high surface hardness is introduced into the mould through a further tube 6. The tube is gradually withdrawn upwardly as the powder is introduced into the mould thereby depositing the powder in a layer around the inside of the mould wall. Simultaneously with the introduction of the powder into the mould through the tube 4, a different powder, which need not have the property of a high surface hardness, and which is cheaper than the powders used for the roll barrel and the roll necks,
, is introduced into the centre. of the mould through the tube 4. The mould is thus gradually filled with the two powders and when the central part of the mould has been completely filled, the upper frusto-conical part of the mould is filled with an appropriate powder through the tube 4. The tubes 4 and 6 are rotatable about their vertical longitudinal axis to enable the tubes to be manoeuvred into and out of the mould. When the mould is completely filled with powder the upper end is closed and the mould is evacuated. The mould with the powder therein is then transferred to an isostatic compaction chamber 7 (FIG. 3) where the mould and powder is subjected to a compaction force on all sides of the order of 30,000 lbs. per sq. in. by a hot gas such as argon at a temperature in the order of 1200 to 1300 F. which enters the chamber through a pipe 8. The hot gas compacts and sinters the powder into a composite solid body. The metal mould is subsequently machined off of the compacted and sintered body.
This method of manufacturing a cylindrical body has the additional advantages that the compacted and sintered body can be made to higher dimensional tolerances than can be obtained using conventional casting techniques and consequently there is a reduction in the amount can be used in powder form which cannot be used in molten form for conventional casting techniques because the constituents of the alloys tend to separate out when the molten metal cools.
What is claimed is:
1. A method of manufacturing a composite generally clylindrical body, which method comprises the steps of rotating a thin-walled generally cylindrical mould which is open at one end about its longitudinal axis, introducing a quantity of a first metallic powder into the mould through the open end thereof and bringing said first metallic powder into contact with the inner surface of the side Walls of the mould to form a layer supported therein by centrifugal force, introducing a quantity of a further metallic powder into the mould through the open end thereof to fill the remaining space therein, stopping the rotation of the mould, closing the open end of the mould, subjecting the mould and the powder therein to a compaction process to compact the powder into a solid body, and sintering the compacted powder.
2. A method of manufacturing a composite generally cylindrical body as claimed in claim 1 in which the said first metallic powder in the form of a layer is supported by centrifugal force on a central part of the inner surface of the side walls of the mould, a different metallic powder is introduced into the mould through the open '4 end thereof and is brought into contact with the inner surface of the side walls of the mould to form two separate layers supported on end parts of the inner surface of the mould side walls by centrifugal force, one on each side of the central part of the surface, and the further metallic powder is introduced into the mould to fill the remaining space therein.
3. A method of manufacturing a body as claimed in claim 1 in which the mould and the powder are compacted isostatically.
4. A method of manufacturing a body as claimed in claim 3 in which the compaction process takes place at an elevated temperature and the sintering process takes place simultaneously with the compaction process.
5. A method of manufacturing a body as claimed in claim 4 in which a hot gas under pressure is employed as the compaction" and sintering medium.
6. A method of manufacturing a body as claimed in claim 5 in which the gas is argon.
7. A method of manufacturing a body as claimed in claim 4 in which the thin-walled mould, is of metal and is machined off of the compacted and sintered body.
8. A method of manufacturing a roll for a rolling mill or calender which method comprises the steps of arranging a tubular thin-walled metal mould open at one end with its longitudinal axis vertical and with its open end uppermost, rotating said mould about its vertical longitudinal axis, introducing a first ferrous metal powder which has the property of high surface hardness into the mould through the open end thereof so as to be deposited by centrifugal force in the form of a layer on the inner surface of the side wall of the mould, introducing a second ferrous metal powder which does not have the property of high surface hardness into the mould to form a core surrounded by said layer of first powder, stopping the rotation of the mould, closing and evacuating the mould, subjecting the mould and the powders therein to an isostatic compaction at an elevated temperature to compact the powders into the solid sintered body, and machining the metal mould off of the sintered body.
9. A method of manufacturing a roll for a rolling mill or calender as claimed in claim 8 in which the powders are introduced into the mould through separate feed tubes inserted into the mould and withdrawn therefrom before the mould is closed.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,341,739 2/1944 Olt -226 2,936,505 5/1960 Witucki et al. 25-156 2,627,765 2/1953 Hopkins 75-208 2,819,163 1/1958 Balke et al. 75-208 2,275,420 3/1942 Clark et al. 75-208 3,391,444 7/1968 Haller 75-208 3,419,935 1/1969 Pfeiler et al. 75-226 3,469,976 9/1969 Iler 75-226 3,455,682 7/ 1969 Barbaras 75-22 6 3,361,562 1/1968 Ulrich et al. 75-208 CARL D. QUARFORTH, Primary Examiner B. H. HUNT, Assistant Examiner US. Cl. X.R. 75-214, 226
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB1728769 | 1969-04-02 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3697261A true US3697261A (en) | 1972-10-10 |
Family
ID=10092562
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US22424A Expired - Lifetime US3697261A (en) | 1969-04-02 | 1970-03-25 | Manufacture of cylindrical bodies from metal powder |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3697261A (en) |
DE (1) | DE2015450A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2042826A5 (en) |
GB (1) | GB1307214A (en) |
NL (1) | NL7004533A (en) |
SE (1) | SE361141B (en) |
Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4198233A (en) * | 1977-05-17 | 1980-04-15 | Thyssen Edelstahlwerke Ag | Method for the manufacture of tools, machines or parts thereof by composite sintering |
US4329175A (en) * | 1977-04-01 | 1982-05-11 | Rolls-Royce Limited | Products made by powder metallurgy and a method therefore |
US4398952A (en) * | 1980-09-10 | 1983-08-16 | Reed Rock Bit Company | Methods of manufacturing gradient composite metallic structures |
US4470953A (en) * | 1980-06-11 | 1984-09-11 | Uddeholms Aktiebolag | Process of manufacturing sintered metallic compacts |
WO1986004930A1 (en) * | 1985-02-22 | 1986-08-28 | Dynamet Technology Inc. | Titanium carbide/titanium alloy composite and process for powder metal cladding |
US4828930A (en) * | 1985-02-01 | 1989-05-09 | Pall Corporation | Seamless porous metal article and method of making |
US5441764A (en) * | 1991-02-08 | 1995-08-15 | Sandvik Ab | Method of manufacturing a compound body and the resulting body |
US20070261514A1 (en) * | 2006-04-13 | 2007-11-15 | Geiman Timothy E | Multi-material connecting rod |
US10471511B2 (en) | 2013-11-25 | 2019-11-12 | United Technologies Corporation | Method of manufacturing a hybrid cylindrical structure |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1484670A (en) * | 1973-11-14 | 1977-09-01 | Davy Int Ltd | Loading containers with powder |
SE7702959L (en) * | 1976-03-22 | 1977-09-23 | Industrial Materials Tech | ROLL CONSTRUCTION |
DE2749307C3 (en) * | 1977-11-01 | 1981-06-11 | Aluminum Company Of America, Pittsburgh, Pa. | Process for powder forging high-density bodies |
SE430858B (en) * | 1980-06-11 | 1983-12-19 | Uddeholms Ab | SET FOR PREPARATION OF SINTERED AND INFILTRATED Pipes |
FR2513916B1 (en) * | 1981-10-06 | 1985-09-20 | United Technologies Corp | METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A COMPACT METAL POWDER DISC COMPRISING A PERIPHERY IN A FIRST PART OF POWDER AND A CENTRAL PART IN A SECOND MATERIAL OF POWDER |
EP0446673A1 (en) * | 1990-03-14 | 1991-09-18 | Asea Brown Boveri Ag | Process for preparing a sintered article having a compact outer layer and a smooth surface |
SE469467B (en) * | 1990-12-21 | 1993-07-12 | Asea Cerama Ab | SETTING IN ISOSTATIC PRESSING TO ENSURE A PORO'S BODY WITH A GLASS COVER AND IMPROPER LAYER |
-
1969
- 1969-04-02 GB GB1728769A patent/GB1307214A/en not_active Expired
-
1970
- 1970-03-25 SE SE04141/70A patent/SE361141B/xx unknown
- 1970-03-25 US US22424A patent/US3697261A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1970-03-31 NL NL7004533A patent/NL7004533A/xx unknown
- 1970-04-01 DE DE19702015450 patent/DE2015450A1/en active Pending
- 1970-04-02 FR FR7011882A patent/FR2042826A5/fr not_active Expired
Cited By (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4329175A (en) * | 1977-04-01 | 1982-05-11 | Rolls-Royce Limited | Products made by powder metallurgy and a method therefore |
US4198233A (en) * | 1977-05-17 | 1980-04-15 | Thyssen Edelstahlwerke Ag | Method for the manufacture of tools, machines or parts thereof by composite sintering |
US4470953A (en) * | 1980-06-11 | 1984-09-11 | Uddeholms Aktiebolag | Process of manufacturing sintered metallic compacts |
US4398952A (en) * | 1980-09-10 | 1983-08-16 | Reed Rock Bit Company | Methods of manufacturing gradient composite metallic structures |
US4828930A (en) * | 1985-02-01 | 1989-05-09 | Pall Corporation | Seamless porous metal article and method of making |
WO1986004930A1 (en) * | 1985-02-22 | 1986-08-28 | Dynamet Technology Inc. | Titanium carbide/titanium alloy composite and process for powder metal cladding |
US5441764A (en) * | 1991-02-08 | 1995-08-15 | Sandvik Ab | Method of manufacturing a compound body and the resulting body |
US20070261514A1 (en) * | 2006-04-13 | 2007-11-15 | Geiman Timothy E | Multi-material connecting rod |
US10471511B2 (en) | 2013-11-25 | 2019-11-12 | United Technologies Corporation | Method of manufacturing a hybrid cylindrical structure |
US10888927B2 (en) | 2013-11-25 | 2021-01-12 | Raytheon Technologies Corporation | Method of manufacturing a hybrid cylindrical structure |
EP3074160B1 (en) * | 2013-11-25 | 2024-07-10 | RTX Corporation | Method of manufacturing a hybrid cylindrical structure |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE2015450A1 (en) | 1970-10-08 |
SE361141B (en) | 1973-10-22 |
NL7004533A (en) | 1970-10-06 |
FR2042826A5 (en) | 1971-02-12 |
GB1307214A (en) | 1973-02-14 |
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