US3691561A - Antenna for direction finding systems - Google Patents

Antenna for direction finding systems Download PDF

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Publication number
US3691561A
US3691561A US90616A US3691561DA US3691561A US 3691561 A US3691561 A US 3691561A US 90616 A US90616 A US 90616A US 3691561D A US3691561D A US 3691561DA US 3691561 A US3691561 A US 3691561A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
antenna
mast
dipole
antenna arrangement
antennas
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US90616A
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English (en)
Inventor
Gerhard Jager
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Licentia Patent Verwaltungs GmbH
Original Assignee
Licentia Patent Verwaltungs GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE19691957787 external-priority patent/DE1957787C/de
Application filed by Licentia Patent Verwaltungs GmbH filed Critical Licentia Patent Verwaltungs GmbH
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3691561A publication Critical patent/US3691561A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/20—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a curvilinear path
    • H01Q21/205—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a curvilinear path providing an omnidirectional coverage
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S3/00—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received
    • G01S3/02—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received using radio waves
    • G01S3/04—Details
    • G01S3/12—Means for determining sense of direction, e.g. by combining signals from directional antenna or goniometer search coil with those from non-directional antenna
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/20—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a curvilinear path
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
    • H01Q9/28—Conical, cylindrical, cage, strip, gauze, or like elements having an extended radiating surface; Elements comprising two conical surfaces having collinear axes and adjacent apices and fed by two-conductor transmission lines
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/44—Resonant antennas with a plurality of divergent straight elements, e.g. V-dipole, X-antenna; with a plurality of elements having mutually inclined substantially straight portions

Definitions

  • An antenna arrangement for a shipboard direction finding system is designed to be carried on the ship mast and includes electrically parallel connected, substantially vertically polarized dipole antennas which are uniformly distributed circumferentially in a circle with their radiating elements outwardly inclined from the antenna mast and forming an angle of approximately 30 therewith.
  • a motor controlled rotating differential condenser is connected between the dipole halves and ground to provide means for bringing the dipoles into capacitive symmetry.
  • the antenna arrangement is adapted to be used in proximity to a mast-carried UHF direction finding antenna system through the use of two-terminal networks connected to the dipole elements.
  • the present invention relates to an antenna for a direction finding (DF) system, particularly one mounted on a ship.
  • DF direction finding
  • phase-shifting means designed to receive the output voltage deriving from a circular voltage pattern antenna.
  • the disadvantage to this operation was that a certain phase angle must be selectedfor each frequency to be used for ranging.
  • phase-shifting means lay in the fact that quadrature fields originating from certain metallic ship structures, such as a crossed-loop antenna, an Adcock antenna, or the like, influenced the DF antenna.
  • the present invention is based on applicants recognition that it is not only the influences of the quadrature fields on the DF antenna and the influences of the mast current on the lead cable whichimpede the side direction determination, but most of allthe influences of the quadrature fields on the mast bearing the antenna arrangement.
  • the effect of the thus influenced mast current on the voltage produced by the circular voltage pattern antenna when the current is coupled with the antenna appears to be a major problem.
  • the problem resolves itself into a determination of what means can be used to electrically decouple the antenna, which furnishes the circular voltage pattern, from the mast, so that the mast current no longer has any influence on the lateral or side determination.
  • the antenna arrangement for producing a circular voltage pattern comprising a plurality of substantially vertically polarized and electrically connected dipole antennas which are uniformly distributed around the circumference of a circle, is improved according to the present invention in that the individual dipole antennas are bent at their center so that the radiating elements are directed away from the mast bearing the antennas and form an angle of approximately 30 therewith.
  • the angle of 30 results in an optimum choice on the one hand satisfying the requirement of sufficient decoupling from the mast, which would be a maximum with horizontal arrangements of the dipoles, and, on
  • the diameter of the circle on which the dipoles are arranged must not be larger than one quarter of the smallest wavelength to be received, so that the circular voltage pattern becomes almost independent of the azimuth.
  • the antenna according to the invention is advisably disposed inside the crossed-loop and four dipoles are used. This solution produces an optimum as regards small space requirements.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic view of the arrangement and electrical connections of the dipoles and associated rotating differential condenser according to one embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the dipole antenna system on a mast-mounted box which is designed to house the other elements of the short wave DF system.
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a support frame extending around the antenna arrangement of FIG. 2 so as to provide a support for a UHF DF antenna arrangement.
  • FIG. 1 shows an antenna composed of two opposed dipoles and illustrates the manner in which the individual dipoles of an antenna according to the invention are electrically connected together. All of the upper dipole halves I are connected with one stator 3 of a rotating differential condenser 4 and all the lower dipole halves 2 are connected with the other stator 5 of the rotating differential condenser 4. The rotor 6 of the condenser is connected to ground and the function of this differential condenser will be discussed below. Leads 7 and 8 connect the upper dipole halves 1 and lower dipole halves 2, respectively, to a receiver 9 which can be of any known type.
  • the capacitive influences of the environment on the antenna system as mounted, for example, on a ship mast are different for the individual dipole halves.
  • the capacitance of the lower dipole halves with respect to the ships structures and the mast is greater than that of the upper dipole halves.
  • the dipoles must, therefore, be brought into capacitive symmetry.
  • the associated dipole halves are connected with the stators of the rotating differential condenser 4 whose rotor 6 is connected to ground and which, in order to avoid capacitive influencing of the antenna by operating personnel, can be operated by remote control, through the use of a motor control during the symmetry tuning.
  • the indication for the symmetry tuning may be this voltage ratio.
  • the dipole antenna system need only be brought into symmetry once during installation by means of the rotating differential condenser. This is done by tuning the rotating differential condenser until the antenna voltages furnished by the dipole antenna system and the DF antenna are approximately of the same amplitude over the entire frequency range for which the antenna arrangement is to be used.
  • FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of a complete short wave DF antenna arrangement containing an antenna according to the invention. It includes a box of electrically non-conductive material to which dipole elements 1 and 2 of the antenna are fastened. Box 10, which is carried on the mast 11, contains a ferrite DF antenna and all of the circuit components of the entire antenna arrangement in a weather-tight manner. These are of known design and construction and are not shown in detail because they do not form per se a novel part of the invention.
  • a UHF DF antenna For shipboard DF antenna arrangements, a UHF DF antenna, is usually disposed above the shortwave DF antenna. Care must then be taken that the antenna according to the invention is sufficiently decoupled from the UHF DF antenna. Accordingly, the circular voltage pattern antenna is electrically subdivided through the use of known two-terminal networks. This type of subdivision becomes effective in the UHF range and in the frequency ranges therebelow it is nullified through the use of the two-terminal networks.
  • a UHF DF antenna 12 is shown disposed above the shortwave DF antenna system.
  • the cable leads of the UHF DF antenna, not shown, are brought down through a cross frame 13 past the shortwave DF antenna arrangement.
  • the antenna 12 is supported by the cross frame and the frame may be given a special configuration to enable it to serve as an additional DF antenna.
  • the dipole halves had a length of about 135 cm and was provided for use in a frequency range from about 250 kHz to 30 MHz.
  • the dipole halves had a length of about 96 cm when provided for the same frequency range as described above. In both cases the distance between the basic points of two diametrical dipole antennas was chosen about 84 cm.
  • a short wave antenna arrangement for producing a circular voltage pattern in direction finding st m a (1 com osed of a lu alit o substantiall i erticaily polarizei l and electrica ly p arailel connected individual dipole antennas which are mounted on a mast and uniformly distributed around the circumference of a circle, the improvement wherein such individual dipole antennas are bent at their centers in such a manner that their radiating halves are directed away from the mast supporting the antenna arrangement and form an angle of approximately 30 therewith and the centers of said antennas are spaced radially from the mast, whereby said antennas are electrically decoupled from the mast.
  • An antenna arrangement as defined in claim 1 further comprising a rotating differential condenser for balancing the dipoles as regards their capacitance with adjacent structures, including the supporting mast, the stators of said rotary differential condenser being connected with the associated dipole halves and the rotor of said condenser being connected to ground, said condenser being controlled from a remote location by motor means.
  • An antenna arrangement as defined in claim 1 further comprising a UHF antenna carried on the mast, and two-terminal networks connected for electrically subdividing said dipole halves to decouple them from said UHF antenna.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
US90616A 1969-11-18 1970-11-18 Antenna for direction finding systems Expired - Lifetime US3691561A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19691957787 DE1957787C (de) 1969-11-18 Kurzwellenantennenanordnung zur Gewinnung einer Rundspannung bei Peilanlagen, insbesondere Schiffspeilanlagen

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3691561A true US3691561A (en) 1972-09-12

Family

ID=5751367

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US90616A Expired - Lifetime US3691561A (en) 1969-11-18 1970-11-18 Antenna for direction finding systems

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US3691561A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2067368B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1318064A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4588993A (en) * 1980-11-26 1986-05-13 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Department Of Health And Human Services Broadband isotropic probe system for simultaneous measurement of complex E- and H-fields
EP0170344A3 (en) * 1984-07-31 1987-07-15 Chu Associates Inc Dipole antenna system with overhead coverage having equidirectional-linear polarization
US5038151A (en) * 1989-07-31 1991-08-06 Loral Aerospace Corp. Simultaneous transmit and receive antenna
USD349707S (en) 1992-05-21 1994-08-16 Drake Aaron R Mobile ground plane antenna
US5523767A (en) * 1993-02-17 1996-06-04 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Wideband dual-polarized tilted dipole antenna
US5959548A (en) * 1997-10-31 1999-09-28 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Electromagnetic signal pickup device
FR2802711A1 (fr) * 1999-12-20 2001-06-22 Univ Rennes Procede de decouplage d'antennes au sein d'un systeme d'antennes co-localisees, capteur et applications correspondants
US6480168B1 (en) 2000-09-19 2002-11-12 Lockheed Martin Corporation Compact multi-band direction-finding antenna system
IL256632A (en) * 2017-12-27 2018-04-30 Elta Systems Ltd Antenna system for direction detection

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2191043A (en) * 1986-05-28 1987-12-02 Gen Electric Co Plc Dipole array

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2964747A (en) * 1958-07-21 1960-12-13 Radiation Inc Vee antenna
US2968038A (en) * 1959-02-19 1961-01-10 Hauptschein Arthur Multiband tail-cap antenna
US3159838A (en) * 1962-01-19 1964-12-01 Aero Geo Astro Corp Vertically stacked hollow dipoles conductively supported on a mast
US3262121A (en) * 1963-05-06 1966-07-19 Collins Radio Co Antenna feed point crossover
US3521286A (en) * 1967-04-21 1970-07-21 Gen Dynamics Corp Orthogonal array antenna system

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE420226A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1936-02-26
US2175252A (en) * 1937-06-12 1939-10-10 Rca Corp Short wave antenna
US2440597A (en) * 1945-02-10 1948-04-27 Du Mont Allen B Lab Inc Television receiver antenna
US3371347A (en) * 1966-04-06 1968-02-27 Control Data Corp Direction finding antenna system

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2964747A (en) * 1958-07-21 1960-12-13 Radiation Inc Vee antenna
US2968038A (en) * 1959-02-19 1961-01-10 Hauptschein Arthur Multiband tail-cap antenna
US3159838A (en) * 1962-01-19 1964-12-01 Aero Geo Astro Corp Vertically stacked hollow dipoles conductively supported on a mast
US3262121A (en) * 1963-05-06 1966-07-19 Collins Radio Co Antenna feed point crossover
US3521286A (en) * 1967-04-21 1970-07-21 Gen Dynamics Corp Orthogonal array antenna system

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4588993A (en) * 1980-11-26 1986-05-13 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Department Of Health And Human Services Broadband isotropic probe system for simultaneous measurement of complex E- and H-fields
EP0170344A3 (en) * 1984-07-31 1987-07-15 Chu Associates Inc Dipole antenna system with overhead coverage having equidirectional-linear polarization
US5038151A (en) * 1989-07-31 1991-08-06 Loral Aerospace Corp. Simultaneous transmit and receive antenna
USD349707S (en) 1992-05-21 1994-08-16 Drake Aaron R Mobile ground plane antenna
US5523767A (en) * 1993-02-17 1996-06-04 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Wideband dual-polarized tilted dipole antenna
US5959548A (en) * 1997-10-31 1999-09-28 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Electromagnetic signal pickup device
FR2802711A1 (fr) * 1999-12-20 2001-06-22 Univ Rennes Procede de decouplage d'antennes au sein d'un systeme d'antennes co-localisees, capteur et applications correspondants
WO2001047057A1 (fr) * 1999-12-20 2001-06-28 Universite De Rennes I Procede de decouplage d'antennes au sein d'un systeme d'antennes co-localisees, capteur et applications correspondants
US6480168B1 (en) 2000-09-19 2002-11-12 Lockheed Martin Corporation Compact multi-band direction-finding antenna system
IL256632A (en) * 2017-12-27 2018-04-30 Elta Systems Ltd Antenna system for direction detection
EP3506428A1 (en) * 2017-12-27 2019-07-03 Elta Systems Ltd. Direction finder antenna system
US10847897B2 (en) 2017-12-27 2020-11-24 Elta Systems Ltd Direction finder antenna system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1318064A (en) 1973-05-23
DE1957787A1 (de) 1971-05-19
DE1957787B2 (de) 1971-11-04
FR2067368B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1979-08-17
FR2067368A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1971-08-20

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