US3690833A - Automated fluids analyzer having selectively interrupted flow - Google Patents

Automated fluids analyzer having selectively interrupted flow Download PDF

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US3690833A
US3690833A US34104A US3690833DA US3690833A US 3690833 A US3690833 A US 3690833A US 34104 A US34104 A US 34104A US 3690833D A US3690833D A US 3690833DA US 3690833 A US3690833 A US 3690833A
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sample
fluid
processed
analyzer
samples
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Andres Ferrari
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Damon Corp
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Damon Corp
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N35/00—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor
    • G01N35/08—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor using a stream of discrete samples flowing along a tube system, e.g. flow injection analysis
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T436/00—Chemistry: analytical and immunological testing
    • Y10T436/11—Automated chemical analysis
    • Y10T436/115831—Condition or time responsive
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T436/00—Chemistry: analytical and immunological testing
    • Y10T436/11—Automated chemical analysis
    • Y10T436/117497—Automated chemical analysis with a continuously flowing sample or carrier stream
    • Y10T436/118339—Automated chemical analysis with a continuously flowing sample or carrier stream with formation of a segmented stream

Definitions

  • Analyzers embodying the invention can, for example, perform multiple-constituent examinations of blood and other body fluids.
  • Another application of the invention is in the automated pollution-monitoring analysis of fluids Vsuch as industrial wastes.
  • AAn analyzer embodying the invention employs the conventional analysis technique of reacting an aliquot of the fluid sample to produce a reaction product in an amount that identifies the amount, and hence concentration, of a selected constituent in the fluid sample.
  • a photometric detector responds to the amount of radiant energy which the reaction product absorbs to produce an electrical signal corresponding to the constituent concentration. There is a separate processing path for performing these operations on a different aliquot of the sample for each constituent being investigated.
  • all the processing paths are made essentially uniformly long so that all the processed aliquots of a given sample arrive at their measuring photometers within a single time interval and with the desired phasing. This requires that each processing path be as long as the path in which the most lengthy analysis is being performed.
  • One manifestation of this prior analyzer construction is the presence of coils of delay tubing in fastanalysis paths to delay the aliquots therein while slower reactions proceed on other aliquots.
  • This on-line filtrate or like sample preparation not only adds to the processing path tubing length, but also produces only a small part of the sampling iiuid available in the original specimen.
  • a further problem is that the prior art requirement for a relatively long processing path for each unit of analysis time makes it practically infeasible to carry a chemical reaction involved in the analysis close to completion. Instead, prior analyzers are restricted to operation with the reaction product produced after a reaction has progressed only part-way. This, in turn limits the measuring accuracy, and the number of constituent determinations that can be made, with a given volume of sample.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a fluid constituent analysis method and apparatus which require only comparatively short processing paths and yet are capable of reacting fluid samples for whatever times are desired.
  • a further object is to provide such a method and apparatus which are accurate and economical.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a method and apparatus of the above character that maintain successive samples essentially free from contamination without segmentation of each sample with fluids of the opposite phase.
  • a further object is to provide automated constituent analysis of the above character and capable of accurate measurement of rate reactions.
  • the invention comprises the several steps and the relation of one or more of such step with respect to the others, and the apparatus embodying the features of construction, combination of elements and arrangement oi parts adapted to effect such a step, as exemplified in the following detailed disclosure.
  • the scope of the invention is indicated in the claims.
  • FIG. 1 is a block schematic representation of an automated fiuid constituent analyzer embodying the invention
  • FIG. 2 and 2A show fluid directing apparatus for use in the analyzer of FIG. l;
  • FIG. 3 is a set of timing waveforms illustrating the operation on the analyzer of FIG. 1 with the fluid director of FIG. 2;
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 are, respectively, side and sectional views of specimen-preparing container apparatus advantageously used with an analyzer according to features of the invention.
  • the invention provides an accurate and economical constituent analyzer of fiuids which has short processing paths and yet is capable of analytically processing fluids with chemical reactions carried as far to completion as needed.
  • the analyzer is particularly suited for the analysis of minute fluid samples, but the invention also provides improvements for the analysis of larger, macrosamples.
  • the analyzer processes minute samples in unusually short processing paths of tubing or other conduit by advancing the sample aliquots along the processing paths with discontinuous motion. That is, that analyzer draws in a fluid sample, and advances the sample aliquots along the processing paths, with a program of discontinuous motions in which the sample stream is intermittently advanced at a significant rate and then held essentially stationary, or at least advanced at a very slow rate.
  • the sequence of movements introduces the specified volumes of samples, reagents and other fiuids, and provides time for the desired completion of the reactions that produce the constituent-measuring reaction products.
  • the analyzer can arranged to synchronize the operation of the different duid-processing components on the basis of the time elapsed after each sample is introduced into the analyzer.
  • the analyzer has detectors arranged along the processing paths to sense the arrival of sample aliquots. The signals from these detectors operate analyzer components downstream from the detector in such a manner that the operations of these components are only loosely synchronized with the operations of the analyzer components upstream from the particular detector.
  • a further feature of the analyzer is that it directs to the constituent-measuring photometer only the central portion of each processed sample aliquot. Further, the analyzer flushes clean wash fluid through the photometer intermediate to the receipt of each such central sample portion. The net result is that the processed sample is measured with a high degree of purity and that this is achieved on a reliable automatic basis.
  • Illustrative of the impact of this invention in one commercial area is that a commercial blood analysis instrument embodying the invention processes a minute, less than drop-sized, sample of blood to measure the amount of a constituent therein with a processing path ten or more 4 times shorter than a prior art continuously operating analyzer for the same purpose.
  • the analyzer embodying the invention typically requires only three to five microliters of sample for each constituent determination, and can even operate with significantly less volume, such as one microliter per aliquot. This is in contrast to the prior art requirement for an aliquot many times larger.
  • FIG. 1 Illustrative of the practice of this invention is an analyzer shown in FIG. 1 of five constituents in each of a succession of minute liquid samples, such as samples of protein-free blood filtrate.
  • the analyzer has proportional pumps 12 and 13 that draw fluid from a sampler 14 by way of processing path input tubings 32a, 33a, 34a, 35a and 36a.-Thus, five aliquots of each sample are drawn from the sampler.
  • the sampler has containers 20 bearing the samples and a reservoir 22 of separating liquid inert to the blood samples.
  • the sampler successively feeds an aliquot of a sample from a sample container to each input tubing, feeds separating liquid to each tubing, feeds a sample aliquot from the next sample container to each tubing, and then again feeds separating liquid to each input tubing.
  • the operating times of the proportional pumps determine the amounts of each sample aliquot and of each segment of separating liquid drawn into each input tubing.
  • the analyzer operates basically under the timing control of a sequence unit 2.6.
  • the sequence unit applies pump stopping and starting signals to the pumps 12 and 13 to provide the specified operating times. It also controls the operation of the sampler, eg., incrementing to feed samples from successive sample containers and selecting sample or separating liquid.
  • the sequence unit has control knobs and switches 28 adjustable to provide the sequence of sample intaking time, separating fluid intaking time and dwell times appropriate for the analysis being performed.
  • the sequence unit 26 is illustrative of automatic control units in general. In fact, a programmed general purpose computer or other data processing equipment can provide the control operation.
  • the input tubings 32a, 33a and 34a feed through pump 12, and the processing path tubings 35a and 36a feed through pump 13.
  • pump 12 delivers reagents to the aliquots pumped through tubings 32a, 33a and 34a from the reagent containers 44 by way of tubings 38, 39 and 40, respectively.
  • pump 13 delivers further reagents from containers 44 to the sample aliquots in tubings 35a and 36a by way of tubings 41 and 42 respectively.
  • Conventional constructions can be used for selecting and metering the reagents.
  • the tubings 32, 33 and 34 carry the respective sample-reagent combinations to a mixer 46 and thence to an incubating heater 48, typically of the bath type.
  • sample-reagent mixtures are maintained in the processing path tubings 32, 33 and 34, and principally in the heater 48, for a time sufficient for the chemical reactions between the individual sample aliquots and the different reagents to proceed to the specified extent required for each constituent determination.
  • the tubings 32, 33 and 34 deliver the processed sample aliquots from the heater to separate photometers 62, 64 and 66, respectively, each by way of a fiuid director 52, 54, 56.
  • Each photometer measures the optical absorbance of the processed sample it receives, and delivers the resultant electrical signal to a recorder 68.
  • the optical absorbance of each processed aliquot is a function of the concentration of constituent-identifying reaction product in the aliquot and hence the electrical signal from each photometer is the desired measure of one constituent in the sample being analyzed.
  • the processed aliquot is delivered to a drain or other receptacle, illustratively by way of a drain pump 60.
  • the photometers can be of the differential type, and the recorder 68 is illustrative of chart, magnetic or paper tape, or other recorders, as well as of print-out devices such as a Teletype machine.
  • the recorder can be a computer or other data-processing device.
  • each fluid director receives fresh wash fluid from a reservoir 58 and is connected to receive a synchronizing signal from the sequence unit 26. As discussed below in detail with reference to FIG. 2, each fluid director feeds only the central portion of each processed aliquot to the photometer. It diverts the end portions of each processed aliquot, i.e. the portions contiguous with separating liquid, and the separating liquid from the sample processing path to a drain.
  • the fluid director also delivers wash liquid from the reservoir 58 to the photometer connected with it. This latter operation flushes the photometer flow cell with fresh wash liquid prior to each delivery of a processed sample aliquot to the flow cell.
  • a further feature of the flow director and photometer is that the processed aliquot is held stationary in the photometer flow cell during the measuring time.
  • One advantage of having the sample stationary during measurement is that the same single photometer can provide several successive measurements on the same sample, thereby measuring a rate-reaction with ease and accuracy.
  • the illustrated analyzer subjects the aliquots in tubings 35 and 36 to reactions that do not require incubation. Consequently, from a mixer 50, the sample-reagent mixture in tubing 35 is delivered directly to a fluid director and photometer suitably identical to those shown connected in the processing path tubings 3-2, 33 and 3'4. As a further illustration, after mixing in mixer 50, the sample-reagent mixture in tubing 36 is treated with a further reagent from tubing 43 and mixed further with a mixer 5K1. The resultant processed sample aliquot is then measured, illustratively with a further fluid director and photometer, not shown.
  • tubings 35 and 36 are considerably shorter than the tubings 32, 33 and 34 that form processing paths in which the tfluids are subjected to incubation in a heater.
  • the additional processing path lengths of tubings 32', 33 and 34 are in the heater, to provide the sample aliquots and reagents with additional reaction time under elevated temperatures.
  • FIG. l analyzer for processing aliquots of sample to produce constituent-measuring reaction products are illustrative of chemical analyzing devlces in general.
  • An analyzer embodying the invention can be arranged with conventional skills to perform any one of countless different analysis chemistries appropriate for a particular constituent in a particular iluid sample.
  • the photometers are illustrative of measuring instruments for electromagnetic radiation in general, whether visible, infrared or ultraviolet.
  • the analyzer can operate with separating segments and samples of different fluid phases, i.e., with one or both being a gas.
  • the proportional pumps 12 and 13 operate with equal-length and synchronized cycles, so all aliquots of a sample are delivered to their respective measuring elements, e.g. to a photometer by way of a fluid director, within a single and relatively brief time interval during which the aliquots of no other sample are measured.
  • the analyzer draws in a new sample each minute, it is de sirable to measure all the processed aliquots, and deliver the resultant signals to the recorder, within a single, oneminute interval. This timing of the resultant electrical signals simplifies the recorder logic required to correlate the many measurements made on one sample.
  • each processing path is of comparatively minimal length for the reaction being performed in it.
  • the analyzer of FIG. 1 attains these seemingly conilicting results by operating the pumps 12 and 13 with a succession of fluid advance-fluid dwell periods in each cycle.
  • the pump 12 operates according to FIG. 3 waveform 112 and the pump 13 operates according to waveform 113.
  • the sequence unit 26 operates the pump 12 to be ON, and the sampler 14 to feed a sample, during an initial ADVANCE portion 112e of the illustrated cycle.
  • the sequence unit switches the sampler, with or without stopping the pump as is convenient, to feed separating liquid.
  • the pump 12 next aspirates separating liquid into the inlet tubings 32a-36a during the cycle ADVANCE portion 112b.
  • the sequence unit turns the pump OFF, or at least reduces its speed considerably so that fluids move along the processing paths at a slow creeping rate. Accordingly, the fluids in the processing path essentially dwell in the paths formed by tubings 32, 33 and 34 during the time of cycle portion 112C. This arrested-motion DWELL time allows the sample-reagent mixtures in these paths to react, without requiring additional tubing lengths in the paths.
  • sequence unit 16 again operates the pump 12 for a final cycle ADVANCE portion 112d to advance the fluids in tubings 32, 33 and 34, and consequently to draw in separating fluid again. Any fluid aspirated during the dwell time also is separating liquid.
  • the sequence unit 26 operates the proportional pump 13 with a similar cycle having, in succession, a fluidadvancing pump-on time for a sample aspirate AD- VANCE portion 113a and then an ADVANCE portion 113b during which separating fluid is aspirated; a DWELL portion 113C; and finally another ADVANCE, separator aspirating, portion 113d.
  • the DWELL portion 113e of pump 13 is longer, and the total ADVANCE time correspondingly shorter, than the corresponding portions of each cycle of the pump 12 operation.
  • the difference between corresponding times of the two pumps 1s proportional to the difference between the lengths of the processing paths associated with pump 12 and those associated with pump 13.
  • FIG. 2 shows the details of the fluid director 56 and of the fluid control elements associated with it and with the associated photometer 66.
  • the fluid director is illustrated as having a rotary valve 69 formed with a stator 70, rotor 72, and an electromechanical valve actuator 74 coupled to the rotor shaft 76.
  • the valve has two alternative positions, a DIVERT position shown in FIG. 2 and a HOLD position shown in FIG. 2A.
  • the valve stator has an input port 78 connected to the processing path tubing 34 carrying processed sample from the heater 48 of FIG. l.
  • Another stator input port 80 receives Wash iluid from the reservoir 58, and a third input port 82 is connected to an output end of a holding loop 84.
  • the valve stator 70 also has an output port 86 feeding directly to the drain, a second output port 88 forming part of the sample processing path and feeding processed sample to the photometer 66, and a third output port 90 connected to the other, input end of the holding loop 84.
  • the valve stator further has a vent port 92 open to the environmental or other desired atmosphere.
  • the valve rotor 72 has four circumferentially-spaced passages therein. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 2A and depending on the valve position, one passage 94 couples the input port 78 to either the output port 86 or the output port 90. A second passage 96 couples the vent port 92 to either the stator port 90 or 82, and a third passage 98 couples the output port 88 alternatively to the ports 82 and 80. A fourth passage 100 is arranged to block either the port 80 or the port 86.
  • the holding loop 84 is a section of tubing or other form of buffer-storing container with a volume capacity, including the volume of the valve stator port 90, corresponding to the volume of a sample aliquot plus the reagents combined with it in the analyzer processing path. As discussed below, the volume of the holding loop is generally less than this volume of the processed sample aliquot.
  • two event detectors 102 and 104 control the operation of valve 69.
  • One event detector 102 is arranged to switch the valve to the sample-holding position shown in FIG. 2A, when the processed aliquot arrives at the valve input port 78.
  • the other event detector 104 switches the valve to the DIVERT position of FIG. 2 when the processed aliquot arrives in the holding loop 84 at the valve port 82.
  • a third event detector 106 closes, for a brief xed interval, a valve 108 in the photometer output tubing 110 when a processed aliquot arrives at the output side of the photometer 66.
  • Each illustrated event detector has a photometer monitoring the optical density of the lluid passing by it. Accordingly, the tubing or other conduit which each event detector monitors has an optically transparent section at the location of the event detector..
  • Each event detector includes binary logic circuitry that can be switched to a set state. When in this state, the detector will respond to a selected change in optical absorbance of the iluid it is monitoring and switch to a reset state. The output signal from each detector has two different values, depending on whether the detector is set or reset.
  • Alternative event detector constructions can be used, including those that sense changes in fluid dielectric constant, as well as ultra-violet, infra-red and other radiation absorbences.
  • FIG. 1 analyzer The further construction and operation of the flow directing and measuring elements of the FIG. 1 analyzer are now described with further reference to FIGS. 2 and 2A and with reference to the timing diagram in FIG. 3.
  • one processed aliquot arrives at the tluid director during each cycle of analyzer operation and within a known time interval during the cycle. Accordingly the sequence unit sets the event detector 102 prior to that time interval. Transition 114a on waveform 114 in FIG. 3 shows this setting operation.
  • valve 69 is in the DIVERT position shown in FIG. 2 during the start of each cycle. Accordingly, the valve rotor passage 94 directs separator liquid arriving at the valve input port 70 from tubing 34 to the output port 86 and thence to the drain, thereby removing the separating fluid from the analyzer processing path.
  • the event detector When the trailing end of a segment of separating liquid passes by the event detector 102 and the processed aliquot arrives, the event detector, being in the set state, responds to this change in uids in the output end of the tubing 34 and switches to the reset state. See waveform 114 transition 114b.
  • the corresponding change in the output signal from the event detector is applied to the valve actuator 74, illustratively after a time delay produced by a delay circuit 118.
  • the time delay is provided to maintain the valve in the DIVERT position for a further time suiiicient to discharge to the drain the entirety of the segment of separating liquid and also the initial end portion of the processed sample aliquot, i.e., the forward end portion contiguous with the segment of separating liquid.
  • Waveform in BIG. 3 depicts the time during which the 'valve is in each of its two positions and the transition 120a is the change in valve position responsive to the arrival of a processed sample aliquot at event detector 102.
  • the change in the event detector 102 output signal responsive to the arrival of a processed aliquot is also applied to the set input of the event detector 104, thereby readying this event detector to respond to the next change in fluid passing thereby in the loop 84.
  • Waveform 116 shows this set operation of event detector 104 with transition 116a, which is illustrated as coinciding in time with the valve transition 120e of waveform 120.
  • rotor passage 94 feeds the processed aliquot, minus the forward end portion, to the storage loop 84.
  • Rotor passage 96 couples the loop 84 output end to the vent port 92 during this operation.
  • the event detector 104 senses the arrival of the leading edge of the processed aliquot at the end of the storage loop, the event detector switches to the reset state; transition 116b of waveform 116.
  • the resulting transition in the event detector 104 output signal is applied to the valve actuator 74, causing it to return the valve to the DIVERT position; waveform 120 transition 120b.
  • a delay circuit 122 can be connected in series with the event detector output signal to delay this valve transition to allow the processed aliquot not only to lill the holding loop 84 but also to lill the valve input port 82.
  • the change in output signal from event detector 104 is applied also to set event detector 106, as indicated in waveform 124 with transition 124a.
  • the storage loop 84 and the valve stator port 90 coupled with it are arranged to contain a volume of fluid at least sucient to till the flow cell of photometer 66. This volume of fluid is less than the volume of each sarnple aliquot and the reagents mixed with it by the amount of the two end portions of processed aliquot which the valve 69 diverts to the drain with the separating uid segments.
  • the motive force for advancing the central portion of the processed aliquot to the holding loop 84 preferably is provided by the FIG. 1 proportional pumps.
  • the sequence unit turns the pumps ON to aspirate separating uid, and thereby advance all the lluids in the analyzer processing paths, for at least the time while the valve is in the HOLD position.
  • the set-to-reset transition output from the event detector 102 is fed back to the sequence unit, as shown in FIG. 2.
  • the illustrated analyzer is arranged to coincide this HOLD pumping with the shortest of the ADVANCE periods, 112d, 113d at the end of each pump cycle. Accordingly, in responce to the set-to-reset signal from event detector 102, the sequence unit ensures that each pump is ON, providing ADVANCE operation.
  • valve rotor passage 98 delivers wash iiuid along this path from the reservoir 58 through the photometer to clean the photometer flow cell.
  • valve 69 While the valve 69 is in the HOLD position, rotor passage 100 couples drain pump output port 86 to a dead end in the valve stator.
  • the holding loop contains the central portion of a processed sample aliquot, and the photometer has been ushed with clean wash uid from the reservoir 58.
  • the valve now in the DIVERT position of FIG. 2 the end portion of the processed aliquot arriving at the val-ve along the processing path tubing 34, and the ensuing segment of separating fluid, are diverted from the processing path to the drain by way of the valve rotor passage 94. Also, the rotor passage 100 is coupled to the wash fluid input port 80 but the other end thereof is blocked.
  • the rotor passage 96 couples the input end of the holding loop 84 by way of the valve port 90 to the vent port 92
  • the rotor passage 98 couples the other end of the holding loop 84 to the photometer by way of the valve ports 82 and 88. Accordingly the drain pump 60, which operates continuously except as noted below, draws the central portion of processed aliquot stored in the buffer-storing loop 84 into the photometer.
  • the event detector 106 monitoring the uid output from the photometer detects the arrival of the processed sample at the photometer output end.
  • the detector accordingly switches to the reset state, waveform 124 transition 124b.
  • the resulting transition in the event detector output signal swiches a monostable multivibrator 126 to the astable state.
  • the output signal from the monostable circuit controls a valve 108 and in the astable condition it closes the valve, thereby blocking the drain pump from drawing fluid through the photometer.
  • the valve 108 includes a solenoid or other actuator that responds to the multivibrator output signals.
  • processed sample is stationary in the photometer.
  • This is the preferred condition for measuring the optical density of the processed sample and accordingly the set-to-reset transition from the event detector 106 actuates the photometer output circuit by way of a delay circuit 128.
  • the delay circuit retards the photometer reading until the monostable multivibrator 126 has switched to the astable state, has blocked the valve 108, and allowed the liquid in the photometer to come to rest.
  • the resultant output signal from the photometer is applied to the recorder 68 of FIG. 1; in the illustrated system, the event detector 106 signal corresponding to the transition 124b is also applied to the recorder to condition it to respond to the signal from the photometer 66. Where a rate reaction is being measured, the processed sample is held in the photometer ow cell while several time-spaced measurements are made on it.
  • this circuit automaticallyaly returns to its stable state.
  • the output signal therefrom in the stable state opens the valve 108, allowing the drain pump 60 to again draw fluid from and through the photometer ow cell.
  • the pump draws air from the valve vent port 92, through the Photometer for the balance of the DIVERT time.
  • the analyzer of FIG. 1 preferably receives samples ready for mixture with reagents to produce the desired constituent-measuring reaction products.
  • This is in contast to some prior art anlyzers of, for example, whole blood; for they receive specimens of whole blood, serum, or plasma and then produce the protein-free filtrates required for analysis in the processing path.
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 shown a container 130 for collecting a specimen of whole blood-or other liquid, and treating it with desired diluent, preservative or other regent.
  • the container dialyzes the specimen to separate, in diiferent compartments 132 and 134, the protein-free filtrate from the proteinaceous material.
  • the container 130 automatically processes the specimen to develop the required sample, in the time after collection of the specimen during the storage and transportation to analysis.
  • the container itself can hence be loaded into the FIG. 1 sample 14 and the protein-free sample withdrawn directly from compartment 134, with no further preparation or processing.
  • red blood cells can be drawn from compartment
  • the container 130 can be constructed as basically described in pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 884,- 924 for Clinical Sample Container, assigned to the assignee hereof, and further has a semi-permeable dialyzing membrane 135 forming a common wall between the compartments 132 and 134. Accordingly, the container compartments 132 and 134 have collapsable and resilientlyrestoring walls 132a and 134a for aspirating specimen from a nozzle 136 first into a calibrated collection tube 138 and then into compartment 132. A record panel 140 for carrying indicia identifying the specimen adjoins the container compartment portion.
  • the illustrated container 130 is constructed as a laminate of casing panels 142 and 146.
  • Panel 142 is recessed with a channel that forms walls of the tubing 138 and the nozzle 136.
  • the container wall 132a is also part of this panel.
  • the other panel 146 identical to panel 142 except that is has no channel, closes the tubing and nozzle forming channel in panel 142.
  • panel 146 includes the compartment wall 134a.
  • the two panels are bonded together as shown, with the dialyzing membrane 135 sealed between their mating faces to divide the bulbous space between the walls 132a and 134g into the two compartments 132 and 134.
  • the illustrated container 130 also has a mesh-like, p0- rous membrane-backing plate 148 sandwiched with the membrane 135 lbetween the casing panels and with one side of the plate 148 facing into the diifusate compartment 134.
  • This backing plate supports the membrane, when the walls 13211 and 134a are collapsed together, against damage from a pressure in compartment 132 far in excess of the pressure in compartment 134.
  • the container 130 can also be used to provide other separations of micromolecular constituents from a mixture with constituents having larger, macromolecules.
  • the semi-permeable membrane is selected with pores of the diameter corresponding to the desired separation of molecule sizes.
  • processing path manifests a photometrically-detectable measure of said constituent, and comprising the further steps of (A) removing from said processing path, prior to said measurement, the end portions of each processed sample contiguous with other fluids and any nonsample fluids, and
  • processing path manifests a photometrically-detectable measure of said constituent and delivers each processed sample to a photometric flow cell for said measurement, said method comprising the further step of (A) delivering said processed samples to said flow cell at timed intervals, and
  • a method for analyzing the amounts of material constituents present in each of a plurality of liquid samples comprising the steps of (A) delivering said samples in succession to processpaths with separate aliquots of each sample being delivered to separate processing paths,
  • control means operating said processing elements to move each sample along said path, in succession with other samples, with discontinuous motion in which there are alternate times of fluid advance along said path and of dwell therein at least nearly stationary, to provide with said dwell times further time for chemical reaction producing said manifestation with minimal further physical length in said processing path.
  • valve means connected in said processing path to hold each processed sample stationary in said measuring means during a measuring interval.
  • Apparatus as dened in claim 14 further comprising (A) measuring means receiving each said processed sample in succession and measuring the concentration of said constituent therein, and
  • Apparatus as defined in claim 16 in which said fluid directing means is further arranged to introduce Wash lfluid into said path and flush it through said measuring means intermediate -the delivery of each processed sample to said measuring means.
  • control means in which said control means operates cyclically with at least one advance time and one dwell time in each cycle, said control means (1) operating said sampling means to deliver one sample and a segment of separating fluid to said processing path in each cycle, and
  • (C) sequence control means for operating said sampling means to ultimately advance said stream along said path for an advance time and to hold said stream at least nearly stationary for a dwell time, and synchronizing the operation of said directing means with the portion of said advance time during which a sample is delivered to said analysis means.
  • (B) further comprising valve means operated by said sequence control means in response to said interface detection for holding a processed sample stationary in said measuring means for a measuring interval.
  • Automated chemical analysis apparatus as defined in claim 19 (A) further comprising fluid conduit means for receiving Wash liquid,
  • said sequence control means is further arranged to operate said directing means for said wash fluid introducing and directing operation intermediate the delivery of successive processed samples to said measuring means.
  • said control means operates said fluid directing means, in synchronism with the advance-dwell operation of said sampling means, to direct the central portion of a processed sample to said buffer-storage container concurrent with the delivery of said wash liquid to said measuring means, and, alternatively, to divert said end portions of processed sample and separating fluid from said path concurrent with the delivery of processed sample from said buffer-storage container to said measuring means.
  • each said path having processing elements therein and including chemical analysis means for receiving an aliquot of each sample and for mixing at least one reagent for reaction therewith to produce a reaction product corresponding to the concentration of said constituent being determined therewith, each said path further including means for measuring said reaction product in said processed aliquot, the combination of (A) at least rst and second groups of one or more of said processing paths, said paths of said first group producing said corresponding reaction products with with fast chemical reactions as compared to the reactions performed in said paths of said second group, and said paths of said first group being of equal physical length and shorter than the equal-length paths of said second group by an amount corresponding to the difference between said reaction times,
  • (C) cyclic sequence control means connected with said pumps and operating each pump to advance fluid discontinuously in the paths associated therewith with alternate times in each cycle of fluid advance and of dwell with at most little significant advance, said control means operating said first pump with advance times shorter than, and dwell times correspondingly longer than, the advance and dwell times of said second pump so that in each cycle each pump advances a sample aliquot by the same proportional length of the associated processing path.
  • each said path including chemical analysis means for receiving an aliquot of each sample and producing a reaction product therefrom corresponding to the concentration of said constituent being determined therewith, each said path further including means for measuring said reaction product in said processed aliquot, the combination of (A) at least rst and second groups of one or more of said processing paths, said paths of said iirst group producing said corresponding reaction products with reaction times that are short compared to the reactions performed in said paths of said second group, and said paths of said first group being of equal 16 physical length and shorter than the equal-length paths of said second group by an amount corresponding to the difference between said reaction times,
  • sampler means for delivering aliquots of the same sample to said paths in a first time interval different from the times of delivering aliquots of other samples
  • (B) means for supplying the aliquots of each sample substantially simultaneously to said plurality of fluid processing paths
  • (C) means operating said processing elements to move the aliquots of each sample along said paths Substantially in step with other aliquots of the same sample in other processing paths and in succession with the aliquots of other samples, with discontinuous motion in which there are alternate times 0f fluid advance along said path and of dwell therein at least nearly stationary, to provide with said dwell times further time for chemical reaction producing said manifestation.
  • (B) means for supplying the aliquots of each sample substantially simultaneously to said plurality of iluid processing paths
  • (C) means operating said processing elements to move the aliquots of each sample along said path, in succession with the aliquots of other samples, with discontinuous motion in which there are alternate times of fluid advance along said path and of dwell therein at least nearly stationary, to provide with said dwell times further time for chemical reaction producing said manifestation, and
  • (D) means operating said measuring apparatus to measure said material constituents in all aliquots of the same sample in a single time interval separate from the measurement intervals for other samples.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Biological Materials (AREA)
  • Automatic Analysis And Handling Materials Therefor (AREA)
US34104A 1970-05-04 1970-05-04 Automated fluids analyzer having selectively interrupted flow Expired - Lifetime US3690833A (en)

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BE (1) BE766643A (fr)
CA (1) CA936019A (fr)
CH (1) CH543742A (fr)
DE (1) DE2122007A1 (fr)
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Cited By (58)

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US3777127A (en) * 1972-04-17 1973-12-04 Celanese Corp Analyzer apparatus and method
US3796543A (en) * 1972-02-07 1974-03-12 Administrator Environmental Pr Automatic analysis for phosphorous content
US3871826A (en) * 1971-12-23 1975-03-18 Bohdan Bakay Method and apparatus for transporting discretely samples to be analyzed in a gel
US3898042A (en) * 1974-01-02 1975-08-05 Dow Chemical Co Method and apparatus for continuously determining total copper in an aqueous stream
US3912452A (en) * 1973-12-13 1975-10-14 Damon Corp Method and apparatus for photometric analysis of liquid samples
US3915644A (en) * 1973-03-27 1975-10-28 Cenco Medical Ind Inc Method and apparatus for determining concentrations by the analysis of reaction rates in continuously and discontinuously flowing samples
US3921439A (en) * 1973-08-27 1975-11-25 Technicon Instr Method and apparatus for selectively removing immiscible fluid segments from a fluid sample stream
US3999945A (en) * 1974-08-30 1976-12-28 Delta Scientific Corporation Liquid analysis system
US4003708A (en) * 1971-08-26 1977-01-18 Nippon Steel Corporation Automatic photometric analyzer
US4013413A (en) * 1975-07-10 1977-03-22 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of Agriculture Apparatus and method for rapid analyses of plurality of samples
US4055751A (en) * 1975-05-13 1977-10-25 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Process control system for the automatic analysis and regeneration of galvanic baths
US4101275A (en) * 1971-08-26 1978-07-18 Nippon Steel Corporation Automatic photometric analyzer
US4104026A (en) * 1976-03-12 1978-08-01 University Of Virginia Immunoassay separation technique
US4119406A (en) * 1976-05-06 1978-10-10 Miles Laboratories, Inc. Calibration apparatus
US4132585A (en) * 1975-09-17 1979-01-02 Oxford Keith E Method of automatically monitoring and regenerating an etchant
US4134678A (en) * 1977-03-16 1979-01-16 Instrumentation Laboratory Inc. Automatic blood analysis apparatus and method
FR2432173A1 (fr) * 1978-06-14 1980-02-22 Bifok Ab Procede d'analyse de produits a reaction lente
US4244919A (en) * 1979-03-19 1981-01-13 Hyperion Incorporated Sample diluting apparatus
FR2469714A1 (fr) * 1979-08-28 1981-05-22 Bifok Ab Procede d'analyse par injection dans un fluide en ecoulement, avec ecoulement intermittent du fluide
US4272483A (en) * 1979-07-13 1981-06-09 Fiatron Systems, Inc. Solution handling apparatus and method
US4272481A (en) * 1979-05-21 1981-06-09 The Dow Chemical Company System and method for providing a vapor phase sample for analysis
EP0047130A2 (fr) * 1980-08-28 1982-03-10 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Procédé et dispositif d'analyse à flux continu
FR2491624A1 (fr) * 1980-10-06 1982-04-09 Technicon Instr Procede pour le fonctionnement d'un appareil d'analyse automatique
US4328185A (en) * 1980-06-26 1982-05-04 Boehringer Mannheim Corporation Automated chemical testing apparatus
US4352780A (en) * 1979-07-13 1982-10-05 Fiatron Systems, Inc. Device for controlled injection of fluids
EP0081116A1 (fr) * 1981-11-20 1983-06-15 Hitachi, Ltd. Procédé et appareil d'analyse à écoulement continu pour échantillons liquides
US4486097A (en) * 1981-09-09 1984-12-04 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours & Company, Inc. Flow analysis
US4533638A (en) * 1975-12-30 1985-08-06 Labor Muszeripari Muvek Blood typing apparatus
US4607526A (en) * 1984-12-21 1986-08-26 Allied Corporation Particle analysis system
US4610544A (en) * 1981-09-09 1986-09-09 Clifford Riley Flow analysis
US4705669A (en) * 1985-10-19 1987-11-10 Horiba, Ltd. Gas analyzer for simultaneously measuring many ingredients
EP0244751A2 (fr) * 1986-05-05 1987-11-11 General Electric Company Système automatique d'analyse de plusieurs écoulements
USRE32861E (en) * 1973-07-20 1989-02-07 Cem Corporation Automatic volatility computer
US4905498A (en) * 1986-09-11 1990-03-06 Illinois Air-Tech, Ltd. Gaseous detection system
US5283036A (en) * 1991-02-11 1994-02-01 Bruker Analytische Messtechnik Gmbh Apparatus for coupled liquid chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy measurements
US5309775A (en) * 1989-06-23 1994-05-10 Radiometer A/S Apparatus for analysis of samples of fluids
US5709839A (en) * 1993-09-14 1998-01-20 The Secretary Of State For Defence In Her Britannic Majesty's Government Of The United Kingdom Of Great Britain And Northern Ireland Multi-sensor systems
US5730938A (en) * 1995-08-09 1998-03-24 Bio-Chem Laboratory Systems, Inc. Chemistry analyzer
USD404829S (en) * 1998-05-11 1999-01-26 Abbott Laboratories Housing for a reagent mixing apparatus for use with a diagnostic instrument
US5939330A (en) * 1996-08-02 1999-08-17 Peterson; Roger Method and apparatus for gathering and preparing liquid samples for analysis
US5992221A (en) * 1995-08-31 1999-11-30 New Oji Paper Co., Ltd. Concentration measuring apparatus
US6063634A (en) * 1998-04-01 2000-05-16 Abbott Laboratories Fluid assembly and method for diagnostic instrument
US6117684A (en) * 1999-02-09 2000-09-12 Zellweger Analytics, Inc. Backpressure regulating flow cell that may be utilized with sensor
WO2000079286A1 (fr) * 1999-06-18 2000-12-28 Danfoss A/S Cellule d'ecoulement
US6268162B1 (en) 1986-08-13 2001-07-31 Lifescan, Inc. Reflectance measurement of analyte concentration with automatic initiation of timing
US6458326B1 (en) 1999-11-24 2002-10-01 Home Diagnostics, Inc. Protective test strip platform
US6525330B2 (en) 2001-02-28 2003-02-25 Home Diagnostics, Inc. Method of strip insertion detection
US6541266B2 (en) 2001-02-28 2003-04-01 Home Diagnostics, Inc. Method for determining concentration of an analyte in a test strip
US6562625B2 (en) 2001-02-28 2003-05-13 Home Diagnostics, Inc. Distinguishing test types through spectral analysis
US20030168107A1 (en) * 1999-06-18 2003-09-11 Danfoss A/S Flow cell having endless loop manifold
US20100027013A1 (en) * 2008-08-04 2010-02-04 Hansen Anthony D A Method and apparatus for the analysis of materials
WO2010151522A1 (fr) * 2009-06-26 2010-12-29 Beckman Coulter, Inc. Ensemble circuit de conduits pour un instrument d'analyse du sang
US20120000297A1 (en) * 2009-03-19 2012-01-05 Nobuya Hashizume Liquid collecting system and a method therefor
US20120028364A1 (en) * 2010-08-02 2012-02-02 Ecolab Usa Inc. Stop-Flow Analytical Systems and Methods
US9671324B2 (en) 2014-04-24 2017-06-06 Aerosol D.O.O. Method and apparatus to compensate analytical devices that collect constituents of interest on a filter for the effect of filter loading
CN109696348A (zh) * 2019-01-03 2019-04-30 南京意瑞可科技有限公司 分析仪计量装置
CN110730910A (zh) * 2017-06-16 2020-01-24 株式会社日立高新技术 自动分析装置
CN117491672A (zh) * 2023-12-29 2024-02-02 佳木斯市中心医院 一种儿科尿液采集检测设备

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US4526754A (en) * 1982-07-30 1985-07-02 Technicon Instruments Corporation Sample transport system

Cited By (82)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4101275A (en) * 1971-08-26 1978-07-18 Nippon Steel Corporation Automatic photometric analyzer
US4003708A (en) * 1971-08-26 1977-01-18 Nippon Steel Corporation Automatic photometric analyzer
US3871826A (en) * 1971-12-23 1975-03-18 Bohdan Bakay Method and apparatus for transporting discretely samples to be analyzed in a gel
US3796543A (en) * 1972-02-07 1974-03-12 Administrator Environmental Pr Automatic analysis for phosphorous content
US3777127A (en) * 1972-04-17 1973-12-04 Celanese Corp Analyzer apparatus and method
US3915644A (en) * 1973-03-27 1975-10-28 Cenco Medical Ind Inc Method and apparatus for determining concentrations by the analysis of reaction rates in continuously and discontinuously flowing samples
USRE32861E (en) * 1973-07-20 1989-02-07 Cem Corporation Automatic volatility computer
US3921439A (en) * 1973-08-27 1975-11-25 Technicon Instr Method and apparatus for selectively removing immiscible fluid segments from a fluid sample stream
US3912452A (en) * 1973-12-13 1975-10-14 Damon Corp Method and apparatus for photometric analysis of liquid samples
US3898042A (en) * 1974-01-02 1975-08-05 Dow Chemical Co Method and apparatus for continuously determining total copper in an aqueous stream
US3999945A (en) * 1974-08-30 1976-12-28 Delta Scientific Corporation Liquid analysis system
US4055751A (en) * 1975-05-13 1977-10-25 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Process control system for the automatic analysis and regeneration of galvanic baths
US4013413A (en) * 1975-07-10 1977-03-22 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of Agriculture Apparatus and method for rapid analyses of plurality of samples
US4132585A (en) * 1975-09-17 1979-01-02 Oxford Keith E Method of automatically monitoring and regenerating an etchant
US4533638A (en) * 1975-12-30 1985-08-06 Labor Muszeripari Muvek Blood typing apparatus
US4104026A (en) * 1976-03-12 1978-08-01 University Of Virginia Immunoassay separation technique
US4119406A (en) * 1976-05-06 1978-10-10 Miles Laboratories, Inc. Calibration apparatus
US4134678A (en) * 1977-03-16 1979-01-16 Instrumentation Laboratory Inc. Automatic blood analysis apparatus and method
FR2432173A1 (fr) * 1978-06-14 1980-02-22 Bifok Ab Procede d'analyse de produits a reaction lente
US4504443A (en) * 1978-06-14 1985-03-12 Bifok Ab Stop-flow analysis
US4399225A (en) * 1978-06-14 1983-08-16 Bifok Ab Stop-flow analysis
US4244919A (en) * 1979-03-19 1981-01-13 Hyperion Incorporated Sample diluting apparatus
US4272481A (en) * 1979-05-21 1981-06-09 The Dow Chemical Company System and method for providing a vapor phase sample for analysis
US4352780A (en) * 1979-07-13 1982-10-05 Fiatron Systems, Inc. Device for controlled injection of fluids
US4272483A (en) * 1979-07-13 1981-06-09 Fiatron Systems, Inc. Solution handling apparatus and method
FR2469714A1 (fr) * 1979-08-28 1981-05-22 Bifok Ab Procede d'analyse par injection dans un fluide en ecoulement, avec ecoulement intermittent du fluide
US4315754A (en) * 1979-08-28 1982-02-16 Bifok Ab Flow injection analysis with intermittent flow
DE3031417A1 (de) * 1979-08-28 1981-06-11 Bifok AB, Upplands Väsby Stroemungs-injektions-analyse mit intermittierendem fluss
US4328185A (en) * 1980-06-26 1982-05-04 Boehringer Mannheim Corporation Automated chemical testing apparatus
EP0047130A2 (fr) * 1980-08-28 1982-03-10 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Procédé et dispositif d'analyse à flux continu
EP0047130A3 (en) * 1980-08-28 1982-03-17 Vickers Limited Flow analysis
FR2491624A1 (fr) * 1980-10-06 1982-04-09 Technicon Instr Procede pour le fonctionnement d'un appareil d'analyse automatique
US4486097A (en) * 1981-09-09 1984-12-04 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours & Company, Inc. Flow analysis
US4610544A (en) * 1981-09-09 1986-09-09 Clifford Riley Flow analysis
EP0081116A1 (fr) * 1981-11-20 1983-06-15 Hitachi, Ltd. Procédé et appareil d'analyse à écoulement continu pour échantillons liquides
US4607526A (en) * 1984-12-21 1986-08-26 Allied Corporation Particle analysis system
US4705669A (en) * 1985-10-19 1987-11-10 Horiba, Ltd. Gas analyzer for simultaneously measuring many ingredients
EP0244751A2 (fr) * 1986-05-05 1987-11-11 General Electric Company Système automatique d'analyse de plusieurs écoulements
EP0244751A3 (fr) * 1986-05-05 1989-10-04 General Electric Company Système automatique d'analyse de plusieurs écoulements
US6881550B2 (en) 1986-08-13 2005-04-19 Roger Phillips Method for the determination of glucose employing an apparatus emplaced matrix
US6268162B1 (en) 1986-08-13 2001-07-31 Lifescan, Inc. Reflectance measurement of analyte concentration with automatic initiation of timing
US6858401B2 (en) 1986-08-13 2005-02-22 Lifescan, Inc. Minimum procedure system for the determination of analytes
US6821483B2 (en) 1986-08-13 2004-11-23 Lifescan, Inc. Reagents test strip with alignment notch
US6887426B2 (en) 1986-08-13 2005-05-03 Roger Phillips Reagents test strip adapted for receiving an unmeasured sample while in use in an apparatus
US4905498A (en) * 1986-09-11 1990-03-06 Illinois Air-Tech, Ltd. Gaseous detection system
US5309775A (en) * 1989-06-23 1994-05-10 Radiometer A/S Apparatus for analysis of samples of fluids
US5417121A (en) * 1989-06-23 1995-05-23 Radiometer A/S Apparatus for analysis of samples of fluids
US5283036A (en) * 1991-02-11 1994-02-01 Bruker Analytische Messtechnik Gmbh Apparatus for coupled liquid chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy measurements
US5709839A (en) * 1993-09-14 1998-01-20 The Secretary Of State For Defence In Her Britannic Majesty's Government Of The United Kingdom Of Great Britain And Northern Ireland Multi-sensor systems
US5730938A (en) * 1995-08-09 1998-03-24 Bio-Chem Laboratory Systems, Inc. Chemistry analyzer
US5992221A (en) * 1995-08-31 1999-11-30 New Oji Paper Co., Ltd. Concentration measuring apparatus
US5939330A (en) * 1996-08-02 1999-08-17 Peterson; Roger Method and apparatus for gathering and preparing liquid samples for analysis
US6063634A (en) * 1998-04-01 2000-05-16 Abbott Laboratories Fluid assembly and method for diagnostic instrument
USD404829S (en) * 1998-05-11 1999-01-26 Abbott Laboratories Housing for a reagent mixing apparatus for use with a diagnostic instrument
US6117684A (en) * 1999-02-09 2000-09-12 Zellweger Analytics, Inc. Backpressure regulating flow cell that may be utilized with sensor
WO2000079286A1 (fr) * 1999-06-18 2000-12-28 Danfoss A/S Cellule d'ecoulement
US20030168107A1 (en) * 1999-06-18 2003-09-11 Danfoss A/S Flow cell having endless loop manifold
US6557582B2 (en) 1999-06-18 2003-05-06 Danfoss A/S Flow cell
US6901956B2 (en) 1999-06-18 2005-06-07 Danfoss A/S Flow cell having endless loop manifold
US6458326B1 (en) 1999-11-24 2002-10-01 Home Diagnostics, Inc. Protective test strip platform
US6979571B2 (en) 1999-11-24 2005-12-27 Home Diagnostics, Inc. Method of using a protective test strip platform for optical meter apparatus
US6562625B2 (en) 2001-02-28 2003-05-13 Home Diagnostics, Inc. Distinguishing test types through spectral analysis
US6541266B2 (en) 2001-02-28 2003-04-01 Home Diagnostics, Inc. Method for determining concentration of an analyte in a test strip
US6525330B2 (en) 2001-02-28 2003-02-25 Home Diagnostics, Inc. Method of strip insertion detection
US7390665B2 (en) 2001-02-28 2008-06-24 Gilmour Steven B Distinguishing test types through spectral analysis
US20100027013A1 (en) * 2008-08-04 2010-02-04 Hansen Anthony D A Method and apparatus for the analysis of materials
US8411272B2 (en) * 2008-08-04 2013-04-02 Magee Scientific Corporation Method and apparatus for the analysis of materials
US20120000297A1 (en) * 2009-03-19 2012-01-05 Nobuya Hashizume Liquid collecting system and a method therefor
US8783121B2 (en) * 2009-03-19 2014-07-22 Shumadzu Corporation Liquid collecting system and a method therefor
US20100329927A1 (en) * 2009-06-26 2010-12-30 Perez Carlos A Pipelining Assembly For A Blood Analyzing Instrument
WO2010151522A1 (fr) * 2009-06-26 2010-12-29 Beckman Coulter, Inc. Ensemble circuit de conduits pour un instrument d'analyse du sang
US8916384B2 (en) 2009-06-26 2014-12-23 Beckman Coulter, Inc. Pipelining assembly for a blood analyzing instrument
US20120028364A1 (en) * 2010-08-02 2012-02-02 Ecolab Usa Inc. Stop-Flow Analytical Systems and Methods
US8748191B2 (en) * 2010-08-02 2014-06-10 Ecolab Usa Inc. Stop-flow analytical systems and methods
US9671324B2 (en) 2014-04-24 2017-06-06 Aerosol D.O.O. Method and apparatus to compensate analytical devices that collect constituents of interest on a filter for the effect of filter loading
CN110730910A (zh) * 2017-06-16 2020-01-24 株式会社日立高新技术 自动分析装置
EP3640647A4 (fr) * 2017-06-16 2021-03-17 Hitachi High-Tech Corporation Dispositif d'analyse automatisé
US11067590B2 (en) 2017-06-16 2021-07-20 Hitachi High-Tech Corporation Automatic analysis device
US11579159B2 (en) 2017-06-16 2023-02-14 Hitachi High-Tech Corporation Automatic analysis device
CN109696348A (zh) * 2019-01-03 2019-04-30 南京意瑞可科技有限公司 分析仪计量装置
CN117491672A (zh) * 2023-12-29 2024-02-02 佳木斯市中心医院 一种儿科尿液采集检测设备
CN117491672B (zh) * 2023-12-29 2024-03-15 佳木斯市中心医院 一种儿科尿液采集检测设备

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CA936019A (en) 1973-10-30
AU2746071A (en) 1972-10-12
FR2091089A5 (fr) 1972-01-14
DE2122007A1 (de) 1971-11-25
GB1333868A (en) 1973-10-17
NL7106108A (fr) 1971-11-08
BE766643A (fr) 1971-11-03
ZA712775B (en) 1972-02-23
CH543742A (de) 1973-10-31

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