US3689314A - Method for fabricating improved flushable wrappers for absorbent pads and product obtained thereby - Google Patents

Method for fabricating improved flushable wrappers for absorbent pads and product obtained thereby Download PDF

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US3689314A
US3689314A US13842A US3689314DA US3689314A US 3689314 A US3689314 A US 3689314A US 13842 A US13842 A US 13842A US 3689314D A US3689314D A US 3689314DA US 3689314 A US3689314 A US 3689314A
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Prior art keywords
polyvinyl alcohol
web
strength
water
wrapper
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US13842A
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David V Duchane
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Kimberly Clark Corp
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Kimberly Clark Corp
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
    • A61F13/51—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the outer layers of the pads
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L15/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
    • A61L15/16—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons
    • A61L15/42—Use of materials characterised by their function or physical properties
    • A61L15/62—Compostable, hydrosoluble or hydrodegradable materials
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
    • D06M11/80—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with boron or compounds thereof, e.g. borides
    • D06M11/82—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with boron or compounds thereof, e.g. borides with boron oxides; with boric, meta- or perboric acids or their salts, e.g. with borax
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • D06M15/21—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06M15/327—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of unsaturated alcohols or esters thereof
    • D06M15/333—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of unsaturated alcohols or esters thereof of vinyl acetate; Polyvinylalcohol
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
    • A61F13/15203—Properties of the article, e.g. stiffness or absorbency
    • A61F13/15211—Properties of the article, e.g. stiffness or absorbency soluble or disintegratable in liquid
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/20—Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
    • Y10T442/2484—Coating or impregnation is water absorbency-increasing or hydrophilicity-increasing or hydrophilicity-imparting

Definitions

  • the wrapper comprises a non-woven fiber web bonded by a cold-water soluble polyvinyl alcohol adhesive which has been insolubilized in situ after the adhesive is applied to the web.
  • the polyvinyl alcohol is applied to the web in the form of a solution containing chemical additives which do not gelate or affect the solubility of the polyvinyl alcohol until after heat is applied to dry the treated web.
  • the heat causes the chemical additives to react and to render the polyvinyl alcohol sufficiently water resistant throughout its structure to maintain wet strength of the web at a level where it does not disintegrate in a heavily moisture laden environment.
  • a web thus bonded has enough wet strength and abrasion resistance to perform satisfactorily at moisture levels encountered during normal use, yet disintegrates sufficiently fast after soaking in excess water to permit disposal by flushing.
  • Non-woven fiber webs bonded by cold-water soluble adhesives such as polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl methylether, glycol cellulose, cellulose glycolate, methyl cellulose, and the like, have been tried as sanitary pad wrappers and found to be readily disintegratable in excesses of water.
  • a fiushable nonwoven fabric suitable for use as a wrapper for sanitary napkins and other absorbent pads, is provided by first applying to a web of fibers a cold water soluble polyvinyl alcohol binder, such as by spraying, impregnating, printing and the like. Before this polyvinyl alcohol treated web is dried, it is oversprayed with a solution of insolubilizing agent, such as borax. This agent, when applied to the polyvinyl alcohol treated web before the polymer has set to a film, crosslinks at least the exposed surface areas of the polymer sufliciently to render the polymer somewhat water resistant after the web is dried.
  • insolubilizing agent such as borax
  • Webs treated in this manner are found to have much greater strengths at the intermediate moisture levels normally encountered during use, than webs bonded by untreated or unmodified polyvinyl alcohol. Yet in a large excess of water, as is encountered when dropped in a toilet bowl, the insoluble nature of the treated binder is nullified, and the web bonded with borax treated binder disintegrates almost as fast as a web bonded with untreated polyvinyl alcohol. The large excess of water is instrumental in leaching out the borax to destroy enough of the crosslinks in the polymer to reduce water-resistance to a non-effective level.
  • borax While applying borax in the above manner to the polyvinyl alcohol with which a non-woven web has been freshly treated improves the functional strength properties as indicated above, it was found to have some disadvantages.
  • the process itself requires a two-step operation, i.e., an initial application of polyvinyl alcohol binder to the web followed by an application of borax.
  • borax treatment the described second step, tends to produce a somewhat non-uniform product, probably because the borax coats the polyvinyl alcohol indiscriminately, and also because the polyvinyl alcohol surface first contacted by the borax forms a gel which prevents further penetration by the salt and results in crosslinking primarily in surface areas when heat is later applied.
  • the gelation of the polyvinyl alcohol by the boric acid-sodium bicarbonate system appears to be at least in part, a function of pH.
  • a solution of 0.2% boric acid and 0.14% sodium bicarbonate, i.e. the 4% solution mentioned above, has a pH of 7.6 and will not gel an equal volume of a solution of 4% polyvinyl alcohol.
  • carbon dioxide is released and the pH rises to about 8.0.
  • the salt solution then becomes a gelling agent for the above mentioned polyvinyl alcohol solution.
  • the chemicals are first added to the polyvinyl alcohol solution, and the solution containing the chemicals is then applied to the Web as before.
  • the treated web is then heated to form the borax in situ, which gels the polyvinyl alcohol while simultaneously forming crosslinks therewith to render it substantially water-insoluble.
  • This insolubility is of a temporary nature, being effective under very high moisture conditions while being destroyed after a short soaking in excess water.
  • Another object is to provide a process for obtaining the improved wrapper.
  • Still another object is to provide sanitary napkins and the like in which the entire structure is flushable.
  • FIG. 1 is a chart comparing the burst strengths of a one-step borated polyvinyl alcohol bonded web made in accordance with this invention with the burst strengths of a two-step borated polyvinyl alcohol bonded web.
  • FIG. 2 is a chart comparing the burst strengths of webs bonded by a one-step borated polyvinyl alcohol modified by various plasticizers with a non-plasticized one-step borated web, and with each other, and illustrating another embodiment of the invention.
  • a cold water solution of 3% polyvinyl alcohol containing 0.15% boric acid, 0.10% sodium bicarbonate was sprayed onto a carded Web, weighing approximately 14 grams per square yard and comprised of 1.5 denier 1 6" staple length rayon fibers, to give a 10% add-0n of polyvinyl alcohol.
  • a second base web of the type described above was sprayed with a 3% solution of cold water soluble polyvinyl alcohol to provide a solids pickup of about 10% based on the web weight and then oversprayed with a 2% solution of borax to provide 5% salt pickup on the weight of the polyvinyl alcohol or about 0.5 percent salt pickup based on the web weight.
  • This web was also dried in the same manner to crosslink the borax to polyvinyl alcohol.
  • Both webs were then subjected to burst strength measurements, first while dry, and then while containing various amounts of moisture, and after soaking for various time periods. It was found that the first web had greater dry strength, as well as greater burst strength under all moisture conditions than the second web bonded by the twostep process.
  • the one-step borated PVA starts with a dry burst strength of over 140; has a wet burst of about 81 at moisture; and about 23 at 500% moisture; yet falls off to 0.0% burst after 1 /2 min. soaking.
  • the two-step borated PVA with 20% additional borax starts out with a dry burst strength of over has a wet burst of about 52 at 100% moisture, and about 11 at 500% moisture. It loses all strength at a faster rate upon soaking, as might be expected.
  • the improved strengths of the one-step borated PVA as indicated by this chart shows that it has a marked functional advantage over the older style web.
  • the figures also indicate that less borax is needed to obtain equivalent or greater strengths.
  • a plasticized, one-step borated polyvinyl alcohol adhesive is often stronger under extreme moisture conditions than the borated polyvinyl alcohol adhesive alone, and that the use of a properly selected plasticizer can improve the function of the borated polyvinyl alcohol without interfering with disposability of a web bonded therewith, and in fact speeding up its dispersability in excess water.
  • plasticizers provide the necessary wet strength characteristics. Some make the web too strong so that it will not disintegrate in water. Others tend to weaken the original bonding power or dry strength. It is evident that the choice of plasticizer used in the adhesive has a significant eifect on the bonding strength of the formulation under various conditions of moisture.
  • Glycerine and polyglycol compounds are the most frequently used plasticizers for polyvinyl alcohol. It was found that glycerine was detrimental to dry strength of the polyvinyl alcohol and yet would not disintegrate readily in water as desired, while certain polyglycol compounds improved dry strength of the polyvinyl alcohol and surprisingly would disintegrate more rapidly in water than unplasticized polyvinyl alcohol.
  • Norarayon fiber carded web substrate Basis weight 14 grams/sq. yd., polyvinyl alcohol add-0n. 0.4% borate, 1% plastieizer.
  • the table shows that, in general, the soak strengths of the bonded webs are fairly high when plasticized with the lower molecular weight compounds. For example, when using the polyethylene glycol of 106 molecular weight, soak strength after seconds of soaking is high. At 200 molecular weight, soak strength declines to about 3.1, and at 300 molecular weight, the soak strength declines to zero. Then as the molecular weight of the polyethylene glycol is further increased, the soak strength increases markedly again.
  • the polyethylene glycol of 300 molecular weight appears to have the proper balance of the solubility and molecular size to give a rapid breakdown of the complex in excess water. Below a molecular weight of about 300, a polyethylene glycol may form such strong crosslinks to polyvinyl alcohol through the borate ion that excess water cannot easily break the complex down. Above a molecular weight of 300, the polyethylene glycol may be forming increasingly weaker crosslinks due to steric hindrance but it is also becoming less soluble and thus less prone to attack by excess water.
  • the 350 molecular weight material had zero burst strength after a 30 second soaking while the 750 molecular weight material had a. higher burst strength of 5.3 after soaking.
  • the 350 molecular weight is therefore preferred for this particular plasticizer.
  • the low molecular weight material of 76 had a high burst strength of 19.9 after soaking for 30 seconds. This value fell off to 8.7 for the 150 molecular weight material, and fell off further to a value of 1.6 for the 425 molecular weight material which is therefore the preferred weight for the latter plasticizer.
  • polyglycol plasticizers of intermediate weight are preferred, particularly those falling in the range of slightly below 200 to about 500.
  • plasticized, borated polyvinyl alcohol Three formulations of plasticized, borated polyvinyl alcohol were found to have particularly good strength characteristics. These were the adhesives incorporating (l) polyethylene glycol 300, (2) methoxypolyethylene glycol 350, and (3) polypropylene glycol 425 as plasticizers. Each of these adhesive formulations imparted good dry strength to the web, retained significant strength at intermediate moisture levels, and yet broke down quickly in excess water.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates the strength properties of webs produced with these formulations. Note that strengths of these webs tend to hold up better under high moisture conditions yet fall off sharply in strength when subjected to soaking.
  • polyvinyl alcohol employed in the above-described examples was of a type which 'was about 79-82% hydrolyzed, had a viscosity of about 22 cps. (4% solution at 20 C.), and was readily soluble in cold water.
  • Other polyvinyl alcohols were also found to perform well as long as they were cold-water soluble.
  • polyvinyl alcohols having a percent hydrolysis in the range of 74 to about 98 are generally cold-water soluble and are suitable for the described use.
  • the borax treatment was found to give the bonded web a better burst strength at high moistures than webs bonded with untreated polyvinyl alcohol binder of the same degree of hydrolysis, while not substantially inhibiting ultimate solution of the binder in excess water.
  • the amount of polyvinyl alcohol used to bind the web the following was noted; when the amount was below 5% the web was too weak, and when the amount was above 15% the web tended to become too sticky when moist to be of practical use.
  • the polyvinyl alcohol may be applied by spraying, impregnation, printing or the like.
  • a printing application can be better controlled and usually gives better strengths for equivalent amounts while also providing better softness and drying qualities.
  • Any suitable absorbent core which is disintegratable in water may be used for the pad filler in the sanitary.
  • Soluble or insoluble baffie members as found in various sanitary napkin structures may be used. While insoluble baffles such as thin sheets of polyethylene film will not disintegrate in water, such battles are usually so thin, flexible and small that they will not cause stoppages in sewerage systems having standard diameter pipelines.
  • wrapper is equally applicable to other absorbent pads such as diapers, hospital pads, absorbent bandages and the like.
  • a method for fabricating an improved flushable wrapper designed especially for sanitary napkins and similar pads comprising the steps of first providing an aqueous solution of normally cold-water soluble polyvinyl alcohol, preparing a mixture of boric acid and sodium bicarbonate in water and adding said mixture to said polyvinyl alcohol solution, said boric acid and said sodium bicarbonate being present in amounts such that when heated to cause the boric acid and sodium bicarbonate to interact, an amount of borax is generated which is equal to about 2% to about 8% by weight of the polyvinyl alcohol, treating a non-woven web of textile length fibers with said solution in an amount to deposit on said web from to about polyvinyl alcohol by weight of said fibers, heating said treated web to a temperature sufiicient to cause the boric acid and sodium bicarbonate to react and form borax, and continuing to heat said web to dry it whereby substantially 8 all of said borax crosslinks with said polyvinyl alcohol uniformly throughout the polyvinyl alcohol structure and thereby renders said polyvin
  • plasticizer is a polyglycol of intermediate molecular weight.

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US13842A 1970-02-24 1970-02-24 Method for fabricating improved flushable wrappers for absorbent pads and product obtained thereby Expired - Lifetime US3689314A (en)

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US (1) US3689314A (enExample)
AU (1) AU2572271A (enExample)
BR (1) BR7100739D0 (enExample)
CA (1) CA944107A (enExample)
DE (1) DE2109554A1 (enExample)
FR (1) FR2080735A1 (enExample)
GB (1) GB1315465A (enExample)
ZA (1) ZA711178B (enExample)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4117187A (en) * 1976-12-29 1978-09-26 American Can Company Premoistened flushable wiper
US4245744A (en) * 1978-01-18 1981-01-20 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Polyvinyl acetate latex impregnated towelette
US4343403A (en) * 1978-01-18 1982-08-10 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Polyvinyl acetate latex impregnated towelette
US5252332A (en) * 1992-07-24 1993-10-12 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Pre-moistened flushable towlette impregnated with polyvinyl alcohol containing binders
WO1996030576A1 (en) * 1995-03-31 1996-10-03 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Premoistened, flushable, disposable and biodegradable wet wipes
US6511561B1 (en) * 1998-06-19 2003-01-28 Wacker-Chemie Gmbh Fiber binding powder composition for consolidating fiber materials
EP1743969A3 (en) * 2005-07-14 2009-08-19 Wacker Chemical Corporation Dry chemically bound nonwovens which are flushable and dispersible
CN102586221A (zh) * 2012-03-08 2012-07-18 大连理工大学 一种多孔高传质pva包埋载体及其制备方法
US9945056B2 (en) 2013-07-22 2018-04-17 Albaad Massuot Yitzhak Ltd. Binder for flushable non-woven fabric

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5558700U (enExample) * 1978-10-12 1980-04-21
CA1279141C (en) * 1984-08-20 1991-01-15 David W. Zunker Polyvinyl alcohol based wax-free size composition

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4117187A (en) * 1976-12-29 1978-09-26 American Can Company Premoistened flushable wiper
US4245744A (en) * 1978-01-18 1981-01-20 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Polyvinyl acetate latex impregnated towelette
US4343403A (en) * 1978-01-18 1982-08-10 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Polyvinyl acetate latex impregnated towelette
US5252332A (en) * 1992-07-24 1993-10-12 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Pre-moistened flushable towlette impregnated with polyvinyl alcohol containing binders
WO1996030576A1 (en) * 1995-03-31 1996-10-03 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Premoistened, flushable, disposable and biodegradable wet wipes
US5629081A (en) * 1995-03-31 1997-05-13 Kimberly-Clark Tissue Corporation Premoistened, flushable, disposable and biodegradable wet wipes
US6511561B1 (en) * 1998-06-19 2003-01-28 Wacker-Chemie Gmbh Fiber binding powder composition for consolidating fiber materials
EP1743969A3 (en) * 2005-07-14 2009-08-19 Wacker Chemical Corporation Dry chemically bound nonwovens which are flushable and dispersible
CN102586221A (zh) * 2012-03-08 2012-07-18 大连理工大学 一种多孔高传质pva包埋载体及其制备方法
US9945056B2 (en) 2013-07-22 2018-04-17 Albaad Massuot Yitzhak Ltd. Binder for flushable non-woven fabric

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ZA711178B (en) 1972-04-26
BR7100739D0 (pt) 1973-04-19
AU2572271A (en) 1972-08-24
FR2080735A1 (enExample) 1971-11-19
DE2109554A1 (de) 1971-09-09
GB1315465A (en) 1973-05-02
CA944107A (en) 1974-03-26

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