US3683396A - Method and apparatus for control of ink drop formation - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for control of ink drop formation Download PDF

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Publication number
US3683396A
US3683396A US61111A US3683396DA US3683396A US 3683396 A US3683396 A US 3683396A US 61111 A US61111 A US 61111A US 3683396D A US3683396D A US 3683396DA US 3683396 A US3683396 A US 3683396A
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United States
Prior art keywords
nozzle
ink
frequency
fluid
length
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Expired - Lifetime
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US61111A
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English (en)
Inventor
Robert I Keur
Sandra Miller
Henry A Dahl
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AB Dick Co
Videojet Technologies Inc
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AB Dick Co
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Assigned to VIDEOJET SYSTEMS INTERNATIONAL, INC., A CORP OF DE reassignment VIDEOJET SYSTEMS INTERNATIONAL, INC., A CORP OF DE ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: A. B. DICK COMPANY A CORP OF DE
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01—Ink jet
    • B41J2/015—Ink jet characterised by the jet generation process
    • B41J2/02—Ink jet characterised by the jet generation process generating a continuous ink jet
    • B41J2/025—Ink jet characterised by the jet generation process generating a continuous ink jet by vibration
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N1/00—Scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, e.g. facsimile transmission; Details thereof
    • H04N1/024—Details of scanning heads ; Means for illuminating the original
    • H04N1/032—Details of scanning heads ; Means for illuminating the original for picture information reproduction
    • H04N1/034—Details of scanning heads ; Means for illuminating the original for picture information reproduction using ink, e.g. ink-jet heads

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT In an ink drop writing system it was found that the drops formed by vibrating a nozzle would he accompanied by smaller satellite drops which could be detri mental to printing. This condition was considerably improved by designing the nozzle so that it would have a mechanical resonance at the frequency at which it formed drops. In order to insure a most efficient transfer of power from the driving source into the drop forming mechanism, the nozzle had to be designed to provide a fluid resonance condition. If the nozzle be considered as a closed pipe, then the frequency of vibration of the fluid in the pipe at which its length is an odd multiple of a quarter wavelength of sound through the fluid in the pipe, results in the highest power transfer.
  • an ink jet printing system of the type with which this invention is concemed comprises a nozzle which is coupled by suitable means to a reservoir of ink, so that ink is discharged in a stream from the nozzle under a pressure determined by the reservoir.
  • the nozzle is either vibrated or periodically constricted so that a short distance from the nozzle opening the ink stream breaks off into drops.
  • a conductive ring is placed so that the stream passes through it.
  • a succession of voltages are applied to the ring at a frequency synchronous with the formation of the drops.
  • Each of the drops receives a charge which is determined by the voltage applied to the ring at the time the drop is formed.
  • the drop thereafter passes between two plate electrodes to which a fixed potential is applied. In its passage through these electrodes, the drop is deflected from the straight line path an amount determined by the amplitude of the charge upon it.
  • the drop thereafter falls upon paper, which is moved to provide a new surface for receiving the drops.
  • the voltages which are applied to the drops can cause the drops to bedeposited on the paper in a pattern which can form alphanumeric characters, symbols or waveforms. It should be appreciated that in order for the system to perform satisfactorily, the charge on each drop should not be altered once it is established, otherwise, the drop will not be deflected to the proper location to form the desired alphanumeric character or symbol.
  • each drop is accompanied by a small drop known as a satellite.
  • the satellite has a velocity which is often different from that of the drop. It was found initially that this velocity could be varied by either varying the frequency driving the piezoelectric device which constricted or vibrated the nozzle, or by varying the voltage applied to the piezoelectric device, or by varying the pressures applied to the fluid whereby the velocity of the fluid stream could be varied.
  • an electric field is applied to the stream to establish a charge on a drop or satellite when separation occurs.
  • a fine filament of the fluid that connects the drop to the stream just before separation. This filament forms a satellite. If the drop separates from the filament before the filament separates from the stream, the filament will form into a satellite whose speed will be less than that of the drop resulting in a slow satellite condition. if the filament separates from the stream before it separates from the drop, the filament will form into a satellite whose speed is greater than that of the drop resulting in a fast satellite condition.
  • There is an intermediate satellite condition which occurs when the drop and filament separate simultaneously resulting in the satellite speed being the same as that of the drop. As a consequence the satellite does not collide with any droplets, but rather travels at substantially the same speed as the droplets through the flight. ln the fast satellite condition, only one charge establishing separation occurs for each satellite drop pair, whereas in the slow satellite condition, two
  • the synchronism of the charge inducing voltages is much less difiicult with the fast satellite condition than with the flow satellite condition because the voltage need only be synchronous with one separation per drop period instead of two separations; i.e., that of the drop and also that of the satellite.
  • a system can operate with slow satellites, however, it is greatly preferred to operate with fast satellites.
  • the third satellite condition, that of intermediate satellites is completely unsatisfactory because once the satellites obtain a charge, they easily deflect into the high voltage deflection plates due to their low mass. The result is an undesirable accumulation of ink on the plates which tends to short out the deflection voltage.
  • An object of this invention is to provide an ink jet nozzle design which is fluid resonant near the desired operation frequency.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide a nozzle design having fluid resonance which enhances the formation of fast satellites.
  • Still another object of the present invention is the provision of a novel and useful ink jet nozzle construction.
  • the significant length is one which includes the major masses combined that are associated with the nozzle. In designing a nozzle it is convenient to have the mechanical resonant length shorter than the fluid resonant length.
  • FIG. 1 is a block schematic diagram of an ink jet printing system shown to assist in an understanding of the invention.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates an ink jet nozzle construction without a piezoelectric driver unit mounted on it.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates an ink jet nozzle construction with the piezoelectric driver thereon.
  • FIG. 4 is a Rayleigh curve.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic drawing of the presently known arrangement which is shown to afford a better understanding of the invention.
  • a pump applies pressure to an ink reservoir 11 so that it can provide ink under pressure to tubing 12 which is flexible.
  • An electromechanical transducer 14 is usually placed adjacent to or around the tubing. The transducer is driven in response to signals from a source 16. The transducer serves to vibrate and/or compress the tubing 12 in the region of the nozzle 18. This results in an ink jet being emitted which at a short distance downstream breaks up into drops 22 which are formed at a rate determined by the frequency of the vibration. In the region where the stream 20 breaks down into drops, a charging tunnel 24 is provided.
  • This comprises a conductive cylinder to which video signals from a video signal source 26 are applied.
  • the video signals establish a field within the charging tunnel so that the ink drops which are fonned therein assume a charge determined by the amplitude of the video signal present at the time the drop separates from the ink jet 20.
  • a nozzle without its piezoelectric driver unit. It consists of a tube 40 having a threaded portion 42 near its rear, and an enlarged region 44 near its front end. As indicated by the dotted lines, the center of the tube is hollow and the opening therethrough at the front or emitting end 46, is reduced to a diameter which is very much smaller than the diameter of the opening through the remainder of the tube.
  • FIG. 3 is a drawing of the appearance of the nozzle with the piezoelectric driving unit mounted thereon.
  • This consists of two piezoelectric crystals respectively 50 and 52, which are separated by a conductive electrode 54.
  • the tubes are pressed against the enlarged region 44 by means of a retaining mass 56, which is mounted upon the threaded portion 42.
  • the piezoelectric crystals are polarized so that they expand and contract axially in response to the application of potential thereto. This serves to push against the retaining mass and the enlarged section 44 whereby the nozzle is caused to elongate and contract which in turn results in constrictions being applied to the fluid flowing through the nozzle.
  • the length to be considered in designing the nozzle for fluid resonance is represented by Lfluid on the drawing and extends from one end of the nozzle to the other.
  • the length to be considered for mechanical resonance is the length Lmechanim, which extends from one end of the retaining mass to the other end of the enlarged section. Effectively, it includes the section of the nozzle covered by'the two masses retaining the piezoelectric crystals together with the length of the two crystals.
  • the back end of the nozzle which is adjacent the threaded portion 42, is usually connected to a fluid reservoir by means of other tubing not shown.
  • An efficient transfer of energy to the fluid stream is indicated by the time required for an element of fluid to pass from the end of the nozzle to the point where the continuity of the stream ends and thereafter becomes drops. This is known as a break-off time.
  • a shorter break-off time indicates a more efficient transfer of energy.
  • Lord Rayleigh determined that there was a relationship between the break-0E time and a ratio expressed as A/d A comprises v/f where V is the velocity of the stream of the fluid being used, f is the frequency of the disturbance applied to the fluid, and d is the diameter of the issuing fluid.
  • FIG. 4 represents a curve 60 which is derived when the relationship is plotted, at a particular driving voltage applied to the piezo-electric crystal. It is known as a Rayleigh curve.
  • the curve 60 has the breakofi in microseconds plotted as the ordinate, and the abscissa has the value of ) ⁇ /d
  • the voltage applied to drive the crystals for the purposes of this curve was 25 volts. Decreasing the driving voltage would cause a substantial duplication of this curve to occur but is placed higher on the graph. Increasing the voltage would cause a substantial duplication of this curve to occur but is placed lower on the graph.
  • a desired droplet formation rate is selected, and that indicates the frequency to be applied to the nozzle to cause perturbations in the fluid stream. For example, assume that it is desired to obtain 66,000 drops from the first nozzle and 16,500 from a second nozzle. This indicates frequencies (F) of 66 KHz and 16.5 KI-Iz respectively.
  • a second step in the design is to determine the velocity of sound for the particular fluid in the particular cavity at a temperature determined as the operating temperature.
  • the velocity of sound V in the inks to be used with the two nozzles is 1,575 meters per second.
  • N is 3 for the first nozzle and N is l for the second nozzle.
  • the nozzle After building the nozzle, it is operated at a desirable )t/d ratio and the applied voltage is adjusted until operation is definitely in the fast satellite region. This can be determined by observing the behavior of the satellites after they pass through the charging ring.
  • the foregoing design technique assures a most efficient usage and a desirable fluid stream configuration for good printing.
  • the speed of sound through the fluid in that cavity may not be precisely predictable.
  • the closed pipe formula may be employed to give the effective velocity of sound. Once the effective velocity of sound is ob tained, the formula may be again used with the desired resonant frequency, and the length of the nozzle may be calculated. The nozzle may then be shortened or lengthened until this calculated length is reached.
  • ink jet printing system of the type wherein ink is applied under pressure to a nozzle to flow therethrough and mechanical perturbations are applied to the ink flowing through said nozzle by means of an electromechanical transducer operated at a predetermined frequency
  • the improvement comprising a nozzle having an internal length for establishing fluid resonance during operation at said predetermined frequency to provide the most efficient power transfer between said electromagnetic transducer and said fluid at said predetermined frequency of operation.
  • Apparatus as recited in claim 3 wherein there is included means for establishing the pressure of the ink applied to said nozzle at a value whereby fast satellites will occur.
  • a nozzle having an internal length to establish fluid resonance at a frequency displaced from said predetermined frequency by the change in said fluid resonance frequency caused by a change in the ink temperature during operation of the ink jet printing system. 7.
  • ink is applied at ress e to a selected 0 1e to flo w th re rou an gertu r bations are app 1e to the ink floviing tii i'oug said nozzle by means of an electromechanical transducer mounted on said nozzle in order to cause the ink stream to break up into drops after leaving said nozzle, the improved method of determining the frequency of fluid resonance of said nozzle comprising:

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Particle Formation And Scattering Control In Inkjet Printers (AREA)
  • Ink Jet (AREA)
US61111A 1970-08-05 1970-08-05 Method and apparatus for control of ink drop formation Expired - Lifetime US3683396A (en)

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US6111170A 1970-08-05 1970-08-05

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US (1) US3683396A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS5432331B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA956360A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2137792C3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2101843A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1347148A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL7110771A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (33)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2233105A2 (en) * 1970-08-26 1975-01-10 Ici Ltd Spatter dyeing of fabrics - by charging dye droplets and deviating them in an electrostatic field
DE2450638A1 (de) * 1973-10-24 1975-04-30 Mead Corp Tropfenstrahl-aufzeichnungskopf
US3928855A (en) * 1974-12-18 1975-12-23 Ibm Method and apparatus for controlling satellites in an ink jet printing system
US3972474A (en) * 1974-11-01 1976-08-03 A. B. Dick Company Miniature ink jet nozzle
US4005435A (en) * 1975-05-15 1977-01-25 Burroughs Corporation Liquid jet droplet generator
DE2638825A1 (de) * 1975-09-05 1977-03-17 Ibm Tintenstrahldrucker mit steuerung der satellitentropfenbildung
US4060812A (en) * 1976-11-15 1977-11-29 International Business Machines Corporation Nozzle for an ink jet printer
US4074277A (en) * 1976-11-03 1978-02-14 International Business Machines Corporation Apparatus for acoustically synchronizing drop formation in an ink jet array
US4153901A (en) * 1976-12-20 1979-05-08 Recognition Equipment Incorporated Variable frequency multi-orifice IJP
US4198643A (en) * 1978-12-18 1980-04-15 The Mead Corporation Jet drop printer with elements balanced about support plate in nodal plane
US4368474A (en) * 1979-10-11 1983-01-11 Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha Ink droplet formation control in an ink jet system printer
US4383264A (en) * 1980-06-18 1983-05-10 Exxon Research And Engineering Co. Demand drop forming device with interacting transducer and orifice combination
USRE31358E (en) * 1978-12-18 1983-08-23 The Mead Corporation Jet drop printer with elements balanced about support plate in nodal plane
EP0090663A1 (en) * 1982-03-31 1983-10-05 Fujitsu Limited Method and apparatus for ejecting droplets of ink
US4417255A (en) * 1980-08-20 1983-11-22 Ricoh Company, Ltd. Ink-jet printer
US4491851A (en) * 1979-07-18 1985-01-01 Fujitsu Limited Method and circuit for driving an ink jet printer
US4646104A (en) * 1982-06-21 1987-02-24 Eastman Kodak Company Fluid jet print head
US4646106A (en) * 1982-01-04 1987-02-24 Exxon Printing Systems, Inc. Method of operating an ink jet
US4727379A (en) * 1986-07-09 1988-02-23 Vidoejet Systems International, Inc. Accoustically soft ink jet nozzle assembly
US4784323A (en) * 1987-07-17 1988-11-15 Walbro Corporation Electromagnetic atomizer
US5261423A (en) * 1988-09-20 1993-11-16 Philip Morris Incorporated Droplet jet application of adhesive or flavoring solutions to cigarette ends
US5630432A (en) * 1988-09-20 1997-05-20 Gaudlitz; Robert T. Droplet jet application of adhesive to cigarette ends
US5646663A (en) * 1994-09-16 1997-07-08 Videojet Systems International, Inc. Method and apparatus for continuous ink jet printing with a non-sinusoidal driving waveform
USRE35737E (en) * 1986-07-09 1998-02-24 Vidoejet Systems International, Inc. Accoustically soft ink jet nozzle assembly
WO1999001288A1 (en) 1997-07-01 1999-01-14 Videojet Systems International, Inc. Clean-in-place system for an ink jet printhead
US6050679A (en) * 1992-08-27 2000-04-18 Hitachi Koki Imaging Solutions, Inc. Ink jet printer transducer array with stacked or single flat plate element
US6428135B1 (en) 2000-10-05 2002-08-06 Eastman Kodak Company Electrical waveform for satellite suppression
US6450602B1 (en) 2000-10-05 2002-09-17 Eastman Kodak Company Electrical drive waveform for close drop formation
US6561607B1 (en) 2000-10-05 2003-05-13 Eastman Kodak Company Apparatus and method for maintaining a substantially constant closely spaced working distance between an inkjet printhead and a printing receiver
US20050287781A1 (en) * 2004-06-24 2005-12-29 Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated Method for interconnecting electronic components using a blend solution to from a conducting layer and an insulating layer
US20050287728A1 (en) * 2004-06-24 2005-12-29 Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated Method for forming a bottom gate thin film transistor using a blend solution to form a semiconducting layer and an insulating layer
US20070289530A1 (en) * 2006-05-26 2007-12-20 Hideaki Kataho Method and apparatus for coating resin
US20180170040A1 (en) * 2016-12-20 2018-06-21 Dover Europe Sàrl Method and device for detecting the velocity of jets

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2548691C3 (de) * 1975-10-30 1986-04-17 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Schaltungsanordnung zum Ansteuern von Schreibdüsen in Tintenmosaikschreibeinrichtungen
FR2465528A1 (fr) * 1979-09-26 1981-03-27 Hotchkiss Brandt Sogeme Dispositif vibratoire a element piezo-electrique pour canon a liquide destine a une tete d'ejection d'un liquide fragmente
US4459601A (en) * 1981-01-30 1984-07-10 Exxon Research And Engineering Co. Ink jet method and apparatus
WO1990010846A1 (en) * 1989-03-07 1990-09-20 Leningradsky Institut Tochnoi Mekhaniki I Optiki Electric drop-jet generator
WO1990014956A1 (en) * 1989-05-29 1990-12-13 Leningradsky Institut Tochnoi Mekhaniki I Optiki Electric drop-jet generator and method for adjusting it

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3512172A (en) * 1968-08-22 1970-05-12 Dick Co Ab Ink drop writer nozzle

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3512172A (en) * 1968-08-22 1970-05-12 Dick Co Ab Ink drop writer nozzle

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Sweet, Richard G.; High Frequency Oscillography With Electrostatically Deflected Ink Jets; SEL 64 004; SEL TR 1722 1; Standford Electronics Labs, Stanford Univ, Calif.; March 1964; pp. 52 62 and 83 90. *

Cited By (38)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2233105A2 (en) * 1970-08-26 1975-01-10 Ici Ltd Spatter dyeing of fabrics - by charging dye droplets and deviating them in an electrostatic field
DE2450638A1 (de) * 1973-10-24 1975-04-30 Mead Corp Tropfenstrahl-aufzeichnungskopf
US3972474A (en) * 1974-11-01 1976-08-03 A. B. Dick Company Miniature ink jet nozzle
US3928855A (en) * 1974-12-18 1975-12-23 Ibm Method and apparatus for controlling satellites in an ink jet printing system
US4005435A (en) * 1975-05-15 1977-01-25 Burroughs Corporation Liquid jet droplet generator
DE2638825A1 (de) * 1975-09-05 1977-03-17 Ibm Tintenstrahldrucker mit steuerung der satellitentropfenbildung
US4074277A (en) * 1976-11-03 1978-02-14 International Business Machines Corporation Apparatus for acoustically synchronizing drop formation in an ink jet array
US4060812A (en) * 1976-11-15 1977-11-29 International Business Machines Corporation Nozzle for an ink jet printer
US4153901A (en) * 1976-12-20 1979-05-08 Recognition Equipment Incorporated Variable frequency multi-orifice IJP
US4198643A (en) * 1978-12-18 1980-04-15 The Mead Corporation Jet drop printer with elements balanced about support plate in nodal plane
USRE31358E (en) * 1978-12-18 1983-08-23 The Mead Corporation Jet drop printer with elements balanced about support plate in nodal plane
US4491851A (en) * 1979-07-18 1985-01-01 Fujitsu Limited Method and circuit for driving an ink jet printer
US4368474A (en) * 1979-10-11 1983-01-11 Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha Ink droplet formation control in an ink jet system printer
US4383264A (en) * 1980-06-18 1983-05-10 Exxon Research And Engineering Co. Demand drop forming device with interacting transducer and orifice combination
US4417255A (en) * 1980-08-20 1983-11-22 Ricoh Company, Ltd. Ink-jet printer
US4646106A (en) * 1982-01-04 1987-02-24 Exxon Printing Systems, Inc. Method of operating an ink jet
EP0090663A1 (en) * 1982-03-31 1983-10-05 Fujitsu Limited Method and apparatus for ejecting droplets of ink
US4625221A (en) * 1982-03-31 1986-11-25 Fujitsu Limited Apparatus for ejecting droplets of ink
US4646104A (en) * 1982-06-21 1987-02-24 Eastman Kodak Company Fluid jet print head
USRE35737E (en) * 1986-07-09 1998-02-24 Vidoejet Systems International, Inc. Accoustically soft ink jet nozzle assembly
US4727379A (en) * 1986-07-09 1988-02-23 Vidoejet Systems International, Inc. Accoustically soft ink jet nozzle assembly
US4784323A (en) * 1987-07-17 1988-11-15 Walbro Corporation Electromagnetic atomizer
US5261423A (en) * 1988-09-20 1993-11-16 Philip Morris Incorporated Droplet jet application of adhesive or flavoring solutions to cigarette ends
US5630432A (en) * 1988-09-20 1997-05-20 Gaudlitz; Robert T. Droplet jet application of adhesive to cigarette ends
US6050679A (en) * 1992-08-27 2000-04-18 Hitachi Koki Imaging Solutions, Inc. Ink jet printer transducer array with stacked or single flat plate element
US5646663A (en) * 1994-09-16 1997-07-08 Videojet Systems International, Inc. Method and apparatus for continuous ink jet printing with a non-sinusoidal driving waveform
WO1999001288A1 (en) 1997-07-01 1999-01-14 Videojet Systems International, Inc. Clean-in-place system for an ink jet printhead
US6428135B1 (en) 2000-10-05 2002-08-06 Eastman Kodak Company Electrical waveform for satellite suppression
US6450602B1 (en) 2000-10-05 2002-09-17 Eastman Kodak Company Electrical drive waveform for close drop formation
US6561607B1 (en) 2000-10-05 2003-05-13 Eastman Kodak Company Apparatus and method for maintaining a substantially constant closely spaced working distance between an inkjet printhead and a printing receiver
US20050287728A1 (en) * 2004-06-24 2005-12-29 Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated Method for forming a bottom gate thin film transistor using a blend solution to form a semiconducting layer and an insulating layer
US20050287781A1 (en) * 2004-06-24 2005-12-29 Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated Method for interconnecting electronic components using a blend solution to from a conducting layer and an insulating layer
US7300861B2 (en) * 2004-06-24 2007-11-27 Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated Method for interconnecting electronic components using a blend solution to form a conducting layer and an insulating layer
US7351606B2 (en) 2004-06-24 2008-04-01 Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated Method for forming a bottom gate thin film transistor using a blend solution to form a semiconducting layer and an insulating layer
US20070289530A1 (en) * 2006-05-26 2007-12-20 Hideaki Kataho Method and apparatus for coating resin
US20100092684A1 (en) * 2006-05-26 2010-04-15 Hideaki Kataho Method and apparatus for coating resin
US8158209B2 (en) 2006-05-26 2012-04-17 Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation Method and apparatus for coating resin
US20180170040A1 (en) * 2016-12-20 2018-06-21 Dover Europe Sàrl Method and device for detecting the velocity of jets

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2137792B2 (de) 1973-06-14
FR2101843A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-03-31
NL7110771A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-02-08
GB1347148A (en) 1974-02-27
DE2137792C3 (de) 1973-12-20
DE2137792A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-02-10
CA956360A (en) 1974-10-15
JPS5432331B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1979-10-13

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