US3679808A - Method and apparatus for measuring yarn tension - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for measuring yarn tension Download PDF

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Publication number
US3679808A
US3679808A US51070A US3679808DA US3679808A US 3679808 A US3679808 A US 3679808A US 51070 A US51070 A US 51070A US 3679808D A US3679808D A US 3679808DA US 3679808 A US3679808 A US 3679808A
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United States
Prior art keywords
yarn
torsion bar
tension
measuring
torque
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US51070A
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English (en)
Inventor
Dieter Rohner
Wolfgang Duhring
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Akzona Inc
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Akzona Inc
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
    • G01L5/04—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring tension in flexible members, e.g. ropes, cables, wires, threads, belts or bands
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
    • B65H59/00—Adjusting or controlling tension in filamentary material, e.g. for preventing snarling; Applications of tension indicators
    • B65H59/40—Applications of tension indicators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
    • B65H2402/00—Constructional details of the handling apparatus
    • B65H2402/40—Details of frames, housings or mountings of the whole handling apparatus
    • B65H2402/41—Portable or hand-held apparatus
    • B65H2402/414—Manual tools for filamentary material, e.g. for mounting or removing a bobbin, measuring tension or splicing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
    • B65H2701/00—Handled material; Storage means
    • B65H2701/30—Handled filamentary material
    • B65H2701/31—Textiles threads or artificial strands of filaments

Definitions

  • the method involves engaging the running yarn with a pair of coupled torque-imparting rollers or similar yam-contacting surfaces and electrically measuring the resulting torque which is proportional to the yarn tension.
  • the apparatus is a torsion bar assembly with the two yarn-engaging rollers radially mounted on an arm connected by an axle to one end of the torsion bar with means to electrically measure the torque of the torsion bar produced by the yarn tension while the other end of the torsion bar is held in a fixed position by any suitable means.
  • FIG. 2 WEQW P i [ll FIG. 3 1 Wu ATT'YS sum 2 or 2 3579.808
  • FIG. 4a PATENTEDJUMS I972 FIG. 4a
  • yarn is employed herein in its most general meaning so as to include threads, monofilaments, tows, strands, cables or the like as employed in a wide variety of textile operations or in the initial production of natural, artificial or synthetic filaments and fibers.
  • This method of measuring yarn tension is not very accurate, the indication being very sluggish or slow in its response to changes in yarn tension. Moreover, this apparatus and method is useless in the case of high linear velocities and high deniers (yarn size) of the threads or yarns being measured.
  • this type of method or device is not suitable for high deniers and high yarn tensions.
  • One object of the present invention is to provide a method and apparatus for measuring the tension of a transported yarn whereby the measurement can be accomplished in a highly improved manner directly on the running yarn as it extends in a normally linear path between two points of practically any textile operation.
  • Another object of the invention is to permit an accurate measurement of the tension of a yarn being transported at very high speeds and/or under very high tension, especially in operations requiring a high denier yarn.
  • Still another object of the invention is to provide a tension measuring device which can be quickly engaged or disengaged from the yarn and which can be positioned temporarily by hand, if desired.
  • Yet another object is to provide a relatively simply constructed apparatus for measuring the tension of transported yarns, preferably so as to be quite portable as well as being readily adapted for insertion in any yarn processing operation.
  • a method which comprises engaging the yarn during its transport with a coupled pair of torque-imparting yarn-contacting surfaces such that the yarn is directed from its normally linear path into a shallow S-curve path over one of said yarn-contacting surfaces and under the other of said yarn-contacting surfaces, mechanically transmitting the yarn tension exerted on said yarn-contacting surfaces to a torsion bar as a torque applied to said bar, and electrically measuring the resulting torque in said torsion bar with a wire strain gauge connected to said torsion bar so as to convert changes in the amount of applied torque into correspondingly proportional changes in electrical resistance, calibrated to indicate the tension in said yarn.
  • the apparatus of the invention is easily constructed and includes an elongated torsion bar, two coupled yarn-engaging means having substantially parallel axes spaced equidistantly and parallel to the axis of said torsion bar on a radially positioned supporting arm, means to rigidly connect said supporting arm at its midpoint between said yarn-engaging means to one end of said torsion bar, means to rigidly hold the other end of said torsion bar in a substantially fixed position, and at least one wire strain gauge strip fastened to said torsion bar on a free portion of its circumference for measurement of the amount of torque imparted by the tension of a transported yarn in contact with said yarn-engaging means.
  • the invention is particularly useful for measuring the tension on a yarn traveling at relatively high speeds, especially where the yarn is transported at a linear velocity of above about 1,000 meters/minute, e.g., on the order of 1,500 to 2,000 meters/minute or even more. Above all, the invention makes it possible to determine great tensile forces, e.g., where the yarn during its transport is subjected to a tension of more than about 1,000 kilograms.
  • the invention is especially adapted to the measurement of yarn tension where the transported yarn has a total yarn size of more than approximately 1 million dtex, e.g., up to several million dtex. (In determining yarn size, it will be noted that dtex l0/9-den ier, the so-called tex" unit having become more widely accepted in this art with dtex l0-tex being numerically similar to denier.)
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of the manner in which a transported yarn is engaged with the measuring device of the invention
  • FIG. 2 is partly schematic top plan view of one embodiment of the apparatus according to the invention, a central portion being shown in cross-section;
  • FIG. 3 is a side elevational view of the apparatus shown in FIG. 2, certain portions being omitted, in order to illustrate an alternative and preferred support of yarn-engaging rollers at one end of the torsion bar assembly;
  • FIGS. 4a and 4b are geometrical constructions which are provided to more clearly illustrate the relationship between yarn tension and the torque applied to the torsion bar assembly.
  • the yarn I running between points A and B can extend approximately horizontally as shown, i.e., such that its normal path extends in a straight line corresponding to the broken line Y.
  • the points A and B merely representing those points at which the yarn is supported or engaged by other apparatus, for example yarn guides, rollers or the like.
  • the yarn travels between these two fixed points A and B it is engaged by each of the two rollers 2 and 2 in such a manner that the yarn l winds about the roller pair in the form of a shallow S-curve.
  • the normally linear path Y is deflected as the yarn passes under the first roller 2 and then over the second roller 2'.
  • the rollers 2 and 2' are positioned on a supporting arm 3 which is rigidly connected to an axle 4 which contains a preferably cylindrical torsion bar 5.
  • the S-winding can be achieved in a very simple manner by inserting the roller pair in proximity to the running yarn in such a way that one roller 2 is positioned above and the other roller 2 below the yarn path Y (see FIG. I with the initially inserted rollers shown in broken lines).
  • the torsion bar assembly or axle 4 to which there can be fastened a simple handle 7 at one end, is turned on its longitudinal axis that the running yarn comes into contact with the roller pair to form the shallow S-curve winding 1 as represented in FIG. I.
  • the handle 7 can be hand held to maintain one end of the device in a fixed position or any other suitable holding means can be employed.
  • the measuring device of the invention in fixed position, for example as may be required for a stationary continuous metering operation.
  • the yarn itself can be introduced or threaded onto the measuring device in such a way that the coupled rollers 2 and 2 are wound in the illustrated S-curve path I.
  • the rollers 2 and 2 are preferably rotatably mounted on. the supporting arm 3, it being desirable to reduce as much as possible the frictional forces generated by the yarn as it partially contacts the rollers over a short distance on their preferably cylindrical surfaces.
  • the rollers can be replaced by fixed bars, pins or the like, although it is advantageous even in this case to provide a curved yarn contacting surface to avoid increasing the normal tension in the yarn by insertion of the measuring device itself, especially at very high transporting velocities.
  • the axes of the rollers 2, 2' or similar yarn-engaging members should be substantially parallel to each other and spaced equidistantly in a radial direction outwardly from the axis of the torsion bar assembly or axle 4.
  • the supporting arm 3 is rigidly connected to the front axle member 4 at the midpoint between the rollers 2 and 2 so that these rollers essentially provide a coupled torque-imparting means with the S-wound yarn l transmitting the yarn tension onto both rollers in a substantially identical manner and in the same clockwise direction as viewed in FIG. I. (In this respect, it will be apparent that a Z-winding with counterclockwise torque is equally suitable and fully equivalent to the illustrated form of the invention.)
  • the rear axle member 4" is adapted to be held in a fixed position against the torque imparted by the yarn tension acting on the rollers 2 and 2'. Both front and rear axle members 4 and 4" are separated from each other along a common axis, and the preferably cylindrical torsion bar 5 joins these two halves of the axle together to complete the assembly.
  • This torsion bar of predetermined dimensions is preferably embedded in each axle member 4' and 4", but can be otherwise suitably connected in a rigid manner such that only the torsion bar 5 is subjected to the torque imparted by the rollers 2, 2' in response to the yarn tension.
  • the torque occurring in the bar 5 is determined with the aid of at least one wire strain gauge measuring strip 6 which is electrically connected over lines 8 and 8' with any suitable measuring device, for example, a carrier-frequency measuring bridge or other conventional bridge circuits used for the accurate determination of changes in electrical resistance.
  • the term wire strain gauge is employed herein to refer to the entire measuring device of which the illustrated measuring strip 6 is the essential component permitting a detection of the amount of torque imparted to bar 5.
  • the wire strain gauge which in itself functions in a well known manner, the extension of the measuring strip 6 and thereby the corresponding extension of the bar 5 is determined on the basis of the torque occurring in the bar. From the measured torque, there can easily be determined the tensional force of the yarn.
  • an elongated axle having a large diameter is best interrupted in the middle and divided into two halves which are then connected with a bolt 5 of much smaller diameter as the torsion bar.
  • This bolt carrying the measuring strip 6 at about its midpoint for detecting the torque is preferably surrounded over an intermediate portion by annular wall 9 or a suitable sleeve to protect the measuring strip from accidental damage or disconnection.
  • two measuring strips may be arranged in a bridge circuit for the elimination of interfering influences, e.g., at diametrically opposed positions on the bolt 5.
  • the bolt 5 as illustrated in FIG. 2 is a round bar which is made of a suitable material, preferably steel.
  • the bolt should be constructed of a material of appropriate size and strength such that, on occurrence of the applied torque, it is strained to a maximum of 1 percent. The requisite strength can be easily calculated from the E-modulus of the material used for the bolt and the maximally occurring tensional forces to be exerted by the yarn in a given situation.
  • the temperature coefficients of the wire strain gauge measuring strips and the steel used for the bolt should be adapted to one another.
  • the two halves of the axle 4,4 which are joined by the bolt 5 preferably consist of a material of poor heat-conducting properties, so that no heat is conducted from the point of measurement, i,e., the yarn contacting points, to the location of the wire strain gauge measuring strips. Accordingly, the two halves of the axle 4 and 4' are preferably composed of hard rubber or a similar rigid material which can also act as a heat insulator.
  • the rollers 2 and 2 about which the cable runs with a shal- I low S-shaped winding can be rotatably borne or mounted only at one end as represented in FIG. 2. However, it is also possible to rotatably mount these rollers at both ends as represented schematically in FIG. 3, which corresponds to a special embodiment of the invention.
  • the second bearing point 10 of the roller 2 can be provided by an axially extended bow or U-shaped member 11 which is mounted on the side opposite to the yarn-contacting or yarn engaging side of the roller 2. Only one of the rollers 2 is shown in FIG. 3, the yarn in this case running in contact with the bottom surface of this roller.
  • the second bow or added roller mounting member 11 for the other roller 2' is indicated in broken lines and should lie below since the yarn passes over the top surface of roller 2.
  • the fastening to the supporting plate 3, whether rotatable or non-rotatable, can in an analogous manner be at one or both ends.
  • a rotatable bearing or supporting means at both ends is especially preferred in the measuring of the tensional force of very heavy yarns, threads, strands or the like.
  • FIGS. 4a and 4b The geometric relationships presented by the device of the invention are illustrated in FIGS. 4a and 4b. With equilibrium conditions, i.e., when there prevails an equilibrium between the torque M appearing in the torsion bar and the linear force K of the yarn tension, one can readily derive the relationship:
  • FIG. 4a represents a purely arbitrary position of the two rollers in order to clearly show that the tension K is exerted in a direction perpendicular to the small radius R of the roller.
  • Suitable strain gauge measuring strips which can be used for purposes of the invention are conventional resistance elements in a strip of a length of approximately 3 to mm. These measuring strips operate on the principal that changes their electrical resistance are dependent on the amount of mechanical stress or strain, i.e., the tension, expansion or extension, imparted thereto.
  • wire strain gauge measuring strips can be constructed in such a way that a resistance wire, metal film or semiconductor is embedded in a carrier of paper, synthetic resin, metal of the like.
  • the measuring strip containing the resistance element, referred to as the wire is then cemented to the measuring location of the torsion bar and participates in the change of length of the supporting surface to which it is secured.
  • the resistance change is proportional to the change of length and is measured with a suitable bridge circuit, e.g., as in the well-known Wheatstone bridge.
  • a suitable bridge circuit e.g., as in the well-known Wheatstone bridge.
  • the length change occurring through temperature variation is compensated, for example, by a second measuring strip lying transversely to the direction of expansion or extension, this second strip forming a part of the bridge circuit in known manner.
  • wire strain gauge measur ing strips and their use may be found, for example, in the brochure Die DMS-Technik of the firm of Hottinger Baldwin Messtechnik GmbH, Darmstadt.
  • the housing can consist, for example, of a simple cover plate which is fastened to the roller axles or to the framework of the machine on which the yarn is being drawn or transported.
  • the calibration of the measuring device is carried out in the following manner. Over two stationary deflection rollers or pins corresponding to points A and B and spaced at a distance of A,, there is spanned a yarn or thread which is weighted on both sides of the stationary rollers with equal weights. The yarn or thread is then engaged with the rollers of the measuring device at the middle of the interval between the stationary rollers such that there is provided the S-shaped winding as represented in FIG. I. The torque occurring in the bolt or torsion bar of the axle 4 is then measured and calibrated with reference to the force known to be exerted on the yarn. This force on the yarn under these stationary conditions is yielded from the two weights with which the yarn is weighted.
  • the actual measuring takes place likewise as much as possible in the middle of the free cable interval. If the free yarn interval A differs from the interval A employed for the calibration, then the measuring results are to be multiplied by the factor where a, A and A correspond to the distances as shown in FIG. I.
  • the tensional force of a transported yarn can be very simply and accurately measured.
  • the simple construction of the apparatus which takes up a very small space and can be comfortably transported by one person, it is possible to measure yarn tension even where access to the yarn is rather difficult.
  • the measuring head Since the measuring head is brought into its measuring position within a few seconds without difficulty and without neces sity of interrupting the running of the yarn, it is possible with the device according to the invention to rapidly check a relatively great number of yarn intervals. Even in places where a measuring with conventional devices would be too dangerous, for example because of the immediate proximity of entry rollers or reels, the yarn tension can still be measured both quickly and safely.
  • the measuring head can be immediately rotated out of position to avoid engagement with tangled or knotted yarns.
  • the device can then be used to further meter the quality of the yarn, e.g., by providing a count of the number of times that tension is suddenly increased due to an imperfection in the yarn.
  • the invention is thus especially well suited for stationary continuous metering operation. It is very versatile for application to all types of yarn treating or handling operations. For example, with the aid of the permanently mounted or stationary device, one can carry out the measurement of the yarn tension in the stretching zone of a process for drawing yarn filaments or fibers, e.g., between two or more sets of feed and draw rolls. Other advantageous applications and uses for the invention will be readily suggested to those skilled in this art.
  • a method of measuring the tension of a transported yarn which comprises:
  • An apparatus for measuring the tension of a transported yarn which comprises:
  • two coupled yarn-engaging means having substantially parallel axes spaced equidistantly and parallel to the axis of said torsion bar on a radially positioned supporting arm;
  • At least one wire strain gauge strip fastened to said torsion bar on a free portion of its circumference for measurement of the amount of torque imparted by the tension of a transported yarn in contact with said yarn-engaging means.
  • each roller is rotatably supported at both ends by an arm including an axially extended member adjacent to each roller opposite the side of yarn engagement.
  • axle member corresponding to said means rigidly holding said torsion bar in a substantially fixed position is provided with handle means.
US51070A 1969-07-03 1970-06-30 Method and apparatus for measuring yarn tension Expired - Lifetime US3679808A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE1933749A DE1933749C2 (de) 1969-07-03 1969-07-03 Vorrichtung zur Messung der Zugkraft an laufenden Faserkabeln

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US51070A Expired - Lifetime US3679808A (en) 1969-07-03 1970-06-30 Method and apparatus for measuring yarn tension

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US (1) US3679808A (de)
AT (1) AT332142B (de)
BE (1) BE750635A (de)
CH (1) CH501908A (de)
DE (1) DE1933749C2 (de)
FR (1) FR2053997A5 (de)
GB (1) GB1283636A (de)
LU (1) LU61237A1 (de)
NL (1) NL7006302A (de)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3831442A (en) * 1973-01-03 1974-08-27 Thurman Mfg Co String tension measuring device
US3992932A (en) * 1974-10-24 1976-11-23 Borg-Warner Corporation Torque measuring system
US4135393A (en) * 1978-02-14 1979-01-23 Jordan Donald J Tensiometer
US4506555A (en) * 1983-10-07 1985-03-26 Baker Drilling Equipment Company Cable tension measuring device
US5390550A (en) * 1993-05-26 1995-02-21 Miller; George E. Apparatus for measuring tension in stretched cables
EP0908412A2 (de) * 1997-10-06 1999-04-14 Murata Kikai Kabushiki Kaisha Vorrichtung zum Detektieren einer Fadenspannung
WO2004057289A1 (de) * 2002-12-19 2004-07-08 Iro Ab Tensiometer
US20110094313A1 (en) * 2009-10-27 2011-04-28 Diluigi Michael Hand brake torque input coupler and indicator
JP2016151435A (ja) * 2015-02-16 2016-08-22 株式会社 スズキ技研 張力測定装置
US20170191887A1 (en) * 2014-09-02 2017-07-06 Nv Bekaert Sa Apparatus and method for measuring residual torsions

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2405202A1 (fr) * 1977-10-06 1979-05-04 Inst Textile De France Procede et capteur de tension d'une nappe de fils en defilement
US4561580A (en) * 1984-08-22 1985-12-31 Celanese Corporation Apparatus for measuring the tension in an endless elongate member
FR2651882B1 (fr) * 1989-09-11 1992-05-22 Moinard Dany Dispositif de mesure de tension de ruban defilant, et appareil de test correspondant.
GB2255646A (en) * 1991-05-09 1992-11-11 Scapa Group Plc Measurement of tension in moving fabrics
DE4400037C2 (de) * 1994-01-04 2002-12-12 Wolfgang Schaefer Winkelmeßeinrichtung, insbesondere für Fadenzugkraftaufnehmer
CN107121230A (zh) * 2017-06-07 2017-09-01 浙江工业职业技术学院 一种扭力式丝线张力测量装置

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SU155019A1 (de) *
US2795136A (en) * 1956-08-21 1957-06-11 Matt Heinrich Karl Cable load gage
SU118336A1 (ru) * 1958-05-26 1958-11-30 Э.А. Оников Прибор дл определени нат жени , например, нити
US3026725A (en) * 1961-03-14 1962-03-27 Victor J Jamal Apparatus for measuring tensile stresses in fishing lines
US3203235A (en) * 1963-02-07 1965-08-31 Acf Ind Inc Tensiometer
US3280623A (en) * 1964-04-10 1966-10-25 Erwin J Saxl Load cell for measurement of low forces

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3381527A (en) * 1965-11-18 1968-05-07 Nasa Usa Tension measurement device
US3426586A (en) * 1966-06-17 1969-02-11 Blh Electronics Aircraft weight measurements

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SU155019A1 (de) *
US2795136A (en) * 1956-08-21 1957-06-11 Matt Heinrich Karl Cable load gage
SU118336A1 (ru) * 1958-05-26 1958-11-30 Э.А. Оников Прибор дл определени нат жени , например, нити
US3026725A (en) * 1961-03-14 1962-03-27 Victor J Jamal Apparatus for measuring tensile stresses in fishing lines
US3203235A (en) * 1963-02-07 1965-08-31 Acf Ind Inc Tensiometer
US3280623A (en) * 1964-04-10 1966-10-25 Erwin J Saxl Load cell for measurement of low forces

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3831442A (en) * 1973-01-03 1974-08-27 Thurman Mfg Co String tension measuring device
US3992932A (en) * 1974-10-24 1976-11-23 Borg-Warner Corporation Torque measuring system
US4135393A (en) * 1978-02-14 1979-01-23 Jordan Donald J Tensiometer
US4506555A (en) * 1983-10-07 1985-03-26 Baker Drilling Equipment Company Cable tension measuring device
US5390550A (en) * 1993-05-26 1995-02-21 Miller; George E. Apparatus for measuring tension in stretched cables
US6050142A (en) * 1997-10-06 2000-04-18 Murata Kikai Kabushiki Kaisha Yarn tension detecting apparatus
EP0908412A2 (de) * 1997-10-06 1999-04-14 Murata Kikai Kabushiki Kaisha Vorrichtung zum Detektieren einer Fadenspannung
EP0908412A3 (de) * 1997-10-06 2000-04-19 Murata Kikai Kabushiki Kaisha Vorrichtung zum Detektieren einer Fadenspannung
WO2004057289A1 (de) * 2002-12-19 2004-07-08 Iro Ab Tensiometer
US20110094313A1 (en) * 2009-10-27 2011-04-28 Diluigi Michael Hand brake torque input coupler and indicator
US8205510B2 (en) * 2009-10-27 2012-06-26 Diluigi And Associates, Llc Hand brake torque input coupler and indicator
US20170191887A1 (en) * 2014-09-02 2017-07-06 Nv Bekaert Sa Apparatus and method for measuring residual torsions
US10317298B2 (en) * 2014-09-02 2019-06-11 Nv Bekaert Sa Apparatus and method for measuring residual torsions on an elongated element
JP2016151435A (ja) * 2015-02-16 2016-08-22 株式会社 スズキ技研 張力測定装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CH501908A (de) 1971-01-15
NL7006302A (de) 1971-01-05
DE1933749C2 (de) 1984-07-19
FR2053997A5 (de) 1971-04-16
DE1933749A1 (de) 1971-01-21
BE750635A (fr) 1970-11-03
LU61237A1 (de) 1970-09-10
AT332142B (de) 1976-09-10
GB1283636A (en) 1972-08-02
ATA554670A (de) 1975-12-15

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