US3678989A - Apparatus for making castings - Google Patents

Apparatus for making castings Download PDF

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Publication number
US3678989A
US3678989A US89355A US3678989DA US3678989A US 3678989 A US3678989 A US 3678989A US 89355 A US89355 A US 89355A US 3678989D A US3678989D A US 3678989DA US 3678989 A US3678989 A US 3678989A
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United States
Prior art keywords
granular material
container
gaseous fluid
casting
admitting
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US89355A
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English (en)
Inventor
Erich Krzyzanowski
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Saint Gobain Isover G+H AG
Original Assignee
Gruenzweig und Hartmann AG
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Publication date
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D29/00—Removing castings from moulds, not restricted to casting processes covered by a single main group; Removing cores; Handling ingots
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
    • B22C9/02—Sand moulds or like moulds for shaped castings
    • B22C9/04—Use of lost patterns
    • B22C9/046—Use of patterns which are eliminated by the liquid metal in the mould

Definitions

  • a body of granular material is confined in a container and a stream of gaseous fluid is introduced into the bottom of the container to impart to the granular material a state at least approaching fluidization.
  • a form is introduced consisting of a material which is subject to consumption on contact with a molten metal. Admission of gaseous fluid is terminated to permit settling and compacting of the granular material about the form. Molten metal is introduced into the form to assume the configuration of the same while simultaneously consuming the form. Gaseous fluid is then again admitted into the container to agitate the granular material for facilitating removal of the finished casting therefrom.
  • the present invention relates generally to casting of materials, and more particularly to an apparatus for making castings.
  • This invention is particularly concerned with the type of casting apparatus wherein a casting mold or casting form is used consisting of a material which will be consumed by contact with the molten metal.
  • Such casting forms may be made of relatively inexpensive material and/or of material which is quite thin and therefore not in itself very resistant, because they are embedded in sand or other granular material and thereby reinforced.
  • the granular material in which the latter is embedded be compacted rather solidly about the form or to provide the granular material with binders of known type so as to prevent break-out of the molten material beyond the outline of the form when the latter is consumed.
  • a more particular object of the invention is to provide a casting apparatus of the general type outlined above which is extremely simple and economical and which eliminates manual operations to a very significant extent.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide such an apparatus which, despite all of its advantages, permits the use of consumable forms despite their low mechanical strength.
  • one feature of my invention resides in the provision of an apparatus for making castings according to which l confine a body of granular material in a container and thereupon admit into a bottom region of the container a stream of gaseous fluid requisite for agitating the granular material and for imparting the body a state at least approaching fluidization.
  • a casting form consisting of a material subject to consumption on contact with a molten metal, for instance a foam plastic of suitable type.
  • Admission of the gaseous fluid is now terminated whereby the granular material settles about and into contact with the form, becoming compacted by such settling and tightly embedding the form.
  • the molten metal is now introduced into the form and fills the same, assuming the configuration of the form while simultaneously consuming the latter.
  • the gaseous fluid is again admitted into the bottom region of the container whereby the granular material is again agitated to facilitate removal of the finished casting from the body of granular material.
  • My novel apparatus for the first time permits the embedding of consumable forms of very highly complicated outline in the granular material without having to make allowance for the low mechanical resistance of lightweight, thin and otherwise readily damaged molds and cast articles. Furthermore, it is no longer necessary to resort to manual operations for improving the surface of the cast article, as was heretofore necessary.
  • FIGURE is a diagrammatic illustration of an apparatus according to my invention.
  • reference numeral 1 identifies a container which may be entirely of conventional construction, but which is provided, in accordance with the present invention, with a gas-permeable bottom wall 2. Below the bottom wall 2, wall means provides a pressure equalization chamber 3 with which the container 1 is rigidly connected via flanges 4. The purpose of the chamber 3 is to distribute the incoming gaseous fluid before it can enter through the gas-permeable bottom wall 2 into the interior of the container 1.
  • An outer shield 8 surrounds the container 1 and the chamber 3 and is configurated to catch any granular material which may be expelled from the container 1 on undergoing agitation as a result of admission of gaseous fluid.
  • the outer shield actually consists of a socket 7 and an upper portion 8, the latter being seated on the socket 7 and being provided with suitable handles 9 whereby it can be lifted off from the socket 7.
  • a source of gaseous fluid is provided, identified in the drawing diagrammatically and with a legend, and it is connected with a conduit 5a to a conduit 5 which in turn communicates with the interior of the chamber 3.
  • a suitable valve is interposed between the conduits 5 and 5a and can be opened and closed depending on whether gaseous fluid is to be admitted into the chamber 3 or whether such admission is to be terminated.
  • I additionally provide a source of vacuum, also diagrammatically illustrated and provided with a legend, and also communicating with a conduit 5a which in turn communicates with a conduit 5.
  • a three-way valve 6 of known construction which is operable in suitable manner, for instance via a foot pedal 6a, so as to selectively connect the conduit 5 with one of the conduits 5a, either the one leading to the source of vacuum or the source of gaseous fluid, the selection being determined by pressure on the foot pedal 6 a and this determination in turn being made by an operator.
  • a source of gaseous fluid and a source of vacuum will be discussed subsequently.
  • the consumable mold is identified with reference numeral CF shown outside the container 1 ready to be introduced thereinto.
  • This consumable mold is of any'type already well known in the art.
  • a casting means CM is provided for introducing molten metal into the consumable mold when the same is introduced into the container 1 and embedded therein into the body of granular material which is contained in the container 1 but not illustrated except for the dotted indication of granular material.
  • the body of granular material which may be sand or a high-heat resistant granular material such as zirconium dioxide or an analogous material, or which may be sand mixed with zirconium dioxide or a similar material, is introduced first into the container 1.
  • a binder material may or may not be added but will advantageously be present in the case of large castings or castings which are tall.
  • the casting form CF may consist, as already pointed out, of a material which is consumed on contact with the molten metal, for instance foamed polystyrol, and will contain all of the features necessary for casting and well known to those skilled in the art.
  • the conduit 5 is connected with the conduit 5a leading to the source of gaseous fluid such as compressed air.
  • gaseous fluid such as compressed air.
  • Introduction of the gaseous fluid through the gas-permeable bottom wall 2 of the container 1 results in strong agitation of the granular material therein, approaching or even reaching a state of fluidization.
  • the casting form CF is slowly introduced into the thus agitated granular material until it reaches the desired position. This requires only a slight pressure upon the casting form CF and thus eliminates the possibility of damage to the same.
  • the agitated granular material swirls around the casting form CF as would a liquid, but despite this the casting form is not lifted if it is properly handled.
  • the admission of gaseous fluid is discontinued, preferably slowly and in stages to thereby obtain settling and compacting of the granular material about the casting form CF.
  • the form is now tightly and completely embedded in the material which surrounds it on all sides in firm engagement.
  • the molten metal is introduced via the casting means CM and this is not illustrated in detail because it is entirely conventional and well known to those skilled in the art.
  • the molten metal enters the casting form CF, it consumes the material thereof in known manner.
  • the form consists of foamed or expanded polystyrol, the polystyrol will collapse.
  • gaseous fluid is again admitted into the container 1 through the bottom wall 2 thereof, again placing the granular material into a state of near or complete fluidization and making it possible to readily and without any difficulty remove the cast article.
  • the casting process can be repeated any desired number of times without any necessity for changing the granular material.
  • my present method is particularly advantageous for continuous casting with the time intervals between each casting occurrence being determined only by the period required for cooling of the molten metal and solidification. If the casting form CF consists of a synthetic foam plastic material, then the time required for the granular material to cool must also be taken into account because casting forms made from foamed plastic materials should not be used at temperature in excess of approximately 80 C.
  • the present invention is very well suited for mechanization of the casting procedure.
  • the valve 6 is operated, as already shown in the drawing, with a foot pedal, although a different type of operation is possible.
  • the foot pedal operation is preferred because this-leaves both hands of the operator free and makes it possible for him to service several apparatuses at the same time, thereby again increasing the economic feasibility of the method.
  • loose forming or casting said may be used as the granular material in the container i. This is generally preferable particularly where small and medium-size workpieces are to be cast.
  • highly heatand combustion-resistant materials such as zirconium dioxide materials or the like or a loose casting sand mixed therewith, may be used where necessary or desired and particularly good results are then, obtained.
  • zirconiumdioxide is used, or a granular material in admixture therewith, the danger of penetration is eliminated which has always presented a very significant drawback in casting processes.
  • auxiliary components such as casting funnels of consumable material for introducing the molten metal into the casting form, may also be embedded in the granular material in the same manner as the casting form, with requisite portions of such auxiliary elements being exposed, such as the inlet of a casting funnel.
  • An apparatus of the character described comprising, in combination, a container; a body of granular material confined in said container; admitting means for admitting into a bottom region of said container a stream of gaseous fluid requisite for agitating said granular material to a state at least approaching fluidization; a casting forrn arranged to be introduced into said body when said granular material is in said state, said form consisting of a material subject to consumption on contact with a molten metal; casting means operative for casting into said form a molten metal when said form is positioned in said body of granular material so that the latter assumes the configuration of said form while consuming the same; and control means operative for initiating and terminating operation of said admitting means at the will of an operator.
  • said admitting means including conduit means communicating with said chamber and containing said gaseous fluid, and valve means interposed in said conduit means.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Casting Devices For Molds (AREA)
  • Dental Prosthetics (AREA)
US89355A 1968-02-03 1970-11-13 Apparatus for making castings Expired - Lifetime US3678989A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEG52312A DE1301440B (de) 1968-02-03 1968-02-03 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Gussstuecken

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3678989A true US3678989A (en) 1972-07-25

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ID=7130167

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US89355A Expired - Lifetime US3678989A (en) 1968-02-03 1970-11-13 Apparatus for making castings

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US3678989A (nl)
AT (1) AT291452B (nl)
BE (1) BE727486A (nl)
DE (1) DE1301440B (nl)
NL (1) NL165083C (nl)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4222429A (en) * 1979-06-05 1980-09-16 Foundry Management, Inc. Foundry process including heat treating of produced castings in formation sand
US4454906A (en) * 1980-12-04 1984-06-19 General Kinematics Corporation Vibratory method for packing foundry sand into a pattern prior to the pouring of molten metal
US4509579A (en) * 1984-06-20 1985-04-09 General Motors Corporation Apparatus for fluidizing a particulate bed within a flask
US4612968A (en) * 1980-11-21 1986-09-23 Steel Castings Research And Trade Association Method of casting using expendable patterns
US4768567A (en) * 1987-09-03 1988-09-06 General Motors Corporation Sand fill apparatus for lost foam casting
US4947923A (en) * 1988-04-14 1990-08-14 Rikker Leslie D Method and apparatus for evaporative pattern casting

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS514485B2 (nl) * 1972-08-23 1976-02-12
CA1177221A (en) * 1980-12-04 1984-11-06 General Kinematics Corporation Vibratory method for packing foundry sand into a pattern prior to the pouring of molten metal
DE3707467C1 (de) * 1987-03-09 1988-08-04 Schubert & Salzer Maschinen Vollformverfahren und -vorrichtung

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2771648A (en) * 1956-11-27 Curing shell molds in fluidized beds
US2968848A (en) * 1959-01-02 1961-01-24 Richard T Carter Method of casting refractory shells
US2985929A (en) * 1959-12-18 1961-05-30 Richard T Carter Method and apparatus for support and cooling of shell molds
US3010852A (en) * 1958-06-10 1961-11-28 Howe Sound Co Eliminating patterns from molds
US3222738A (en) * 1963-04-18 1965-12-14 Richard T Carter Methods of removing expendable plastic patterns
US3307232A (en) * 1965-01-04 1967-03-07 Edward J Mellen Jr Method and apparatus for forming shell molds by the use of a fluidized bed drying system

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2771648A (en) * 1956-11-27 Curing shell molds in fluidized beds
US3010852A (en) * 1958-06-10 1961-11-28 Howe Sound Co Eliminating patterns from molds
US2968848A (en) * 1959-01-02 1961-01-24 Richard T Carter Method of casting refractory shells
US2985929A (en) * 1959-12-18 1961-05-30 Richard T Carter Method and apparatus for support and cooling of shell molds
US3222738A (en) * 1963-04-18 1965-12-14 Richard T Carter Methods of removing expendable plastic patterns
US3307232A (en) * 1965-01-04 1967-03-07 Edward J Mellen Jr Method and apparatus for forming shell molds by the use of a fluidized bed drying system

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4222429A (en) * 1979-06-05 1980-09-16 Foundry Management, Inc. Foundry process including heat treating of produced castings in formation sand
US4612968A (en) * 1980-11-21 1986-09-23 Steel Castings Research And Trade Association Method of casting using expendable patterns
US4454906A (en) * 1980-12-04 1984-06-19 General Kinematics Corporation Vibratory method for packing foundry sand into a pattern prior to the pouring of molten metal
US4509579A (en) * 1984-06-20 1985-04-09 General Motors Corporation Apparatus for fluidizing a particulate bed within a flask
US4768567A (en) * 1987-09-03 1988-09-06 General Motors Corporation Sand fill apparatus for lost foam casting
US4947923A (en) * 1988-04-14 1990-08-14 Rikker Leslie D Method and apparatus for evaporative pattern casting

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL6901616A (nl) 1969-08-05
DE1301440B (de) 1969-08-21
NL165083B (nl) 1980-10-15
AT291452B (de) 1971-06-15
BE727486A (nl) 1969-07-01
NL165083C (nl) 1981-03-16

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