Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
  • H01L25/00—Assemblies consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid state devices
  • H01L25/03—Assemblies consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid state devices all the devices being of a type provided for in a single subclass of subclasses H10B, H10D, H10F, H10H, H10K or H10N, e.g. assemblies of rectifier diodes
  • H01L25/10—Assemblies consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid state devices all the devices being of a type provided for in a single subclass of subclasses H10B, H10D, H10F, H10H, H10K or H10N, e.g. assemblies of rectifier diodes the devices having separate containers
  • H01L25/11—Assemblies consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid state devices all the devices being of a type provided for in a single subclass of subclasses H10B, H10D, H10F, H10H, H10K or H10N, e.g. assemblies of rectifier diodes the devices having separate containers the devices being of a type provided for in subclass H10D
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
  • C07F7/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table
  • C07F7/22—Tin compounds
  • C07F7/2288—Compounds with one or more Sn-metal linkages
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M3/00—Liquid compositions essentially based on lubricating components other than mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils and their use as lubricants; Use as lubricants of single liquid substances
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M7/00—Solid or semi-solid compositions essentially based on lubricating components other than mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils and their use as lubricants; Use as lubricants of single solid or semi-solid substances
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
  • H01L23/00—Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
  • H01L23/34—Arrangements for cooling, heating, ventilating or temperature compensation ; Temperature sensing arrangements
  • H01L23/36—Selection of materials, or shaping, to facilitate cooling or heating, e.g. heatsinks
  • H01L23/367—Cooling facilitated by shape of device
  • H01L23/3672—Foil-like cooling fins or heat sinks
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/04—Ethers; Acetals; Ortho-esters; Ortho-carbonates
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10M2209/08—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type
  • C10M2209/084—Acrylate; Methacrylate
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2219/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
  • C10M2219/044—Sulfonic acids, Derivatives thereof, e.g. neutral salts
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2227/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2203/00, C10M2207/00, C10M2211/00, C10M2215/00, C10M2219/00 or C10M2223/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2227/08—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2203/00, C10M2207/00, C10M2211/00, C10M2215/00, C10M2219/00 or C10M2223/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions having metal-to-carbon bonds
  • C10M2227/083—Sn compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
  • C10N2030/08—Resistance to extreme temperature
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
  • C10N2030/32—Light or X-ray resistance
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/08—Hydraulic fluids, e.g. brake-fluids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/12—Gas-turbines
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/12—Gas-turbines
  • C10N2040/13—Aircraft turbines
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/30—Refrigerators lubricants or compressors lubricants
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/32—Wires, ropes or cables lubricants
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/34—Lubricating-sealants
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/36—Release agents or mold release agents
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/38—Conveyors or chain belts
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/40—Generators or electric motors in oil or gas winning field
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/42—Flashing oils or marking oils
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/44—Super vacuum or supercritical use
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/50—Medical uses
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2070/00—Specific manufacturing methods for lubricant compositions
  • C10N2070/02—Concentrating of additives
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
  • H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
  • H01L2924/0001—Technical content checked by a classifier
  • H01L2924/0002—Not covered by any one of groups H01L24/00, H01L24/00 and H01L2224/00

Definitions

• ABSTRACT This invention relates to disubstitutcd tin compounds of the formula [R Sn-R,]n wherein each of R and R is a sub stituent selected from the class consisting of aryloxyaryl radicals containing from two to three benzene rings, wherein each said aryl radical is an aromatic hydrocarbon radical, and n is an integer with a value of at least 1.
• R and R is a sub stituent selected from the class consisting of aryloxyaryl radicals containing from two to three benzene rings, wherein each said aryl radical is an aromatic hydrocarbon radical, and n is an integer with a value of at least 1.
• petroleum lubricants in addition to the petroleum base stock, generally include additives which impart specific desired properties to the base stock, such as rust inhibitors, anti-oxidants, extreme pressure resisting agents, lubricity improvers, detersives and the like.
• the additives proposed heretofore have been designed to provide petroleum base compositions for lubrication in conventional equipment such as internal combustion engines of the automotive type, diesel engines and the like, in which the temperature of use is not excessive, not exceeding about 400 F.
• Advanced designs such as jet aircraft design have called for effective lubrication at higher temperatures, such as 500 F. and above, and for these designs, it was found that neither the petroleum base stock nor the conventional additives used therewith were practical.
• the temperatures of operation exceeded the boiling point of some lubricant composition components, and generally were in a range at which both lubricant and additives were thermally unstable and decomposed.
• the polyphenyl ethers possess extremely good thermal stability, at temperatures of, say, over 550 F., they tend to deteriorate, not because of a decomposition reaction, but because at the higher temperatures they become quite readily oxidizable.
• the lubricity of the polyphenyl ethers is thereby impaired, since the oxidation products do not possess lubricating properties; moreover, the change in viscosity which is a consequence of the oxidation not only makes for inefficiency, but also may result in clogging up the moving parts of the mechanism which the lubricant was originally intended to protect.
• the polyphenyl ethers are to be used at the higher temperatures under conditions requiring exposure to air, it is important to inhibit oxidation phenomena which the higher temperatures favor.
• An object of the present invention is the provision of improved lubricant compositions employing polyphenyl ether fluids as base stock.
• a particular object of the present invention is to provide polyphenyl ether base compositions having improved oxidation resistance.
• Another object is to provide novel tin compounds useful as antioxidants for polyphenyl ether base fluids.
• compositions consisting essentially of a polyphenyl ether base fluid and an additive amount of a disubstituted tin compound of the formula [R,SnR where each of R and R is an aromatic radical containing at least two aromatic rings, and n is an integer which has a value of at least one, have improved ability to resist oxidation degradation at high temperatures.
• the stated tin compounds are disubstituted tin compounds, which may be either monomeric or polymeric.
• the monomeric divalent tin compounds readily polymerize on standing: the polymers, which are compounds of the stated formula [R SnR where n is an integer greater than 1, may have a cyclic structure, such as and in general appear to below polymers, where n has a value of, say, up to 10.
• the useful disubstituted tin compounds are those with two organic substituents which each are selected from aryl and aryloxyaryl radicals, and contain from two to three benzene rings.
• the stated aryl radicals will be aromatic hydrocarbon radicals.
• the benzene rings may be separate or fused.
• Illustrative of the presently useful diaryl tin compounds are dibiphenylyltin, dinaphthyltin, dianthryltin, diphenanthryltin, diacenaphthyltin, diterphenylyltin, diphenylylnaphthyltin and the like.
• aryloxyaryl tin compounds which are particularly preferred in the practice of this invention, are exemplified by bis(phenoxyphenyl)tin, bis(biphenylyloxyphenyl)tin, bis(phenyloxybiphenylyl)tin bis(naphthyloxyphenyl)tin, (biphenylyloxyphenyl)(phenoxyphenyl)tin and so forth.
• diorganotin compounds without designation of particular isomers is intended to be inclusive of each isomer; for example, dio-, di-mand di-p-biphenylyltin, di-aand difi-naphthyltin, and so forth. Also, in referring to these disubstituted tin compounds without more, in the absence of specification to the contrary, both the monomeric and polymeric forms are intended to be included.
• diaryltin compounds are prepared by a Grignard synthesis.
• the bis(aryloxyaryl) tin compounds of the above-stated nature which are a novel class of compounds provided hereby, are prepared similarly, by reaction of an aryloxyaryl magnesium halide with a tin dehalide:
• exemplary of useful Grignard reagents are p-phenoxyphenylmagnesium bromide, m-phenoxyphenylmagnesium bromide, p-)p-biphenylyloxy)phenylmagnesium bromide, p-a-naphthyloxyphenylmagnesium bromide, and so forth.
• the conditions for the reaction are generally like those known for preparation of the diaryltin compounds:
• the starting materials are contacted, in approximately equimolar quantities (2 moles total of Grignard reagent per mole of tin dichloride), under anhydrous conditions, in an organic solvent.
• This may be an acyclic ether, such as diethyl ether, the dimethyl ether of ethylene glycol, or the like; cyclic ethers such as tetrahydrofuran are advantageous and are preferred.
• the reaction mixture is heated to temperatures of 50l50 C: the reflux temperature of the reaction mixture is usually suitable.
• the product is recovered by conventional procedures: filtration, evaporation to remove solvent, and so forth.
• the polymeric form is produced spontaneously upon standing of the freshly prepared monomeric product.
• the polyphenyl ethers employed in the fluid compositions of this invention have from three to seven benzene rings and from one to six oxygen atoms, with the stated oxygen atoms joining the stated benzene rings in chains as ether linkages.
• One or more of the stated benzene rings in these polyphenyl ethers may be hydrocarbyl-substituted.
• the hydrocarbyl substituents for thermal stability, must be free of CH and aliphatic CH, so that preferred aliphatic substituents are lower saturated hydrocarbon radicals (one to six carbon atoms) like methyl and tertbutyl, and preferred aromatic substituents are aryl radicals like phenyl and tolyl.
• the benzene ring supplied in the hydrocarbyl substituent contributes to the total number of benzene rings in the molecule.
• Polyphenyl ethers consisting exclusively of chains of from three to seven benzene rings with at least one oxygen atom joining the stated benzene rings in the chains as an ether linkage have particularly desirable thermal stability.
• alkyl polyphenyl ethers suitable for base fluids are three-ring polyphenyl ethers like l-(pmethylphenoxy)-4-phenoxybenzene and 2,4-diphenoxy-lmethylbenzene, four-ring polyphenyl ethers like bis[p-(pmethylphenoxy)phenyl] ether and bis[(p-tert-butylphenoxy)phenyl] ether, and so forth.
• Polyphenyl ethers consisting exclusively of benzene rings and ether oxygen atoms linking said rings are exemplified by the triphenoxy benzenes and aryl-substituted polyphenyl ethers such as biphenylyl phenoxyphenyl ether, biphenylyloxyphenyl phenoxyphenyl ether, biphenylyl ether, dibiphenylyloxybenzene, bis(biphenylyloxyphenyl) ether, and the like.
• a preferred class of polyphenyl ethers comprises those consisting of benzene rings joined in a chain by oxygen atoms as ether linkages between each ring.
• polyphenyl ethers contemplated in this class are the bis(phenoxyphenyl) ethers (four benzene rings joined in a chain by three oxygen atoms), illustrative of which is bis(m-phenoxyphenyl) ether.
• the bis(phenoxyphenoxy)benzenes are particularly valuable in the present connection. Illustrative of these are m-bis(m-phenoxyphenoxy)benzene, m-bis(p-phenoxyphenoxy)benzene, o-bis(ophenoxyphenoxy)benzene, and so forth.
• polyphenyl ethers contemplated herein include the bis(phenoxyphenoxyphenyl) ethers such as bis[m-(m-phenoxyphenoxy)phenyl] ether, bis[p-(p-phenoxyphenoxy)phenyl] ether, m-(m-phenoxyphenoxy)phenyl m-(o-phenoxyphenoxy)phcnyl ether and the bis(phenoxyphenoxyphenoxy)benzene s such as m-bis[m-(m-phenoxyphcnoxy)phenoxy]benzene, pbislp-(m-phenoxyphenoxy)phenoxy]benzene and m-bis[m- (p-phcnoxyphenoxy)phenoxylbenzene.
• the preferred polyphenyl ethers are those having all their ether linkages in the meta-positions since the all-meta-linked ethers are particularly advantageous because of their wide liquid range and high thermal stability.
• mixtures of the polyphenyl ethers either isomeric mixtures of mixtures of homologous ethers, can also advantageously be used in some applications, especially where particular properties such as lower solidification points are required.
• Mixtures of polyphenyl ethers in which the non-terminal phenylene rings are linked through oxygen atoms in the meta and para positions have been found to be particularly suitable to provide compositions with wide liquid ranges.
• a preferred polyphenyl ether mixture of this invention is the mixture of five-ring polyphenyl ethers wherein the nonterrninal phenylene rings are linked through oxygen atoms in the meta and para position, and composed by weight of about 65% m-bis(m-phenoxyphenoxy)benzene, 30% m- [(m-phenoxyphenoxy)(p-phenoxyphenoxy)]benzene and 5% m-bis( p-phenoxyphenoxy)benzene.
• Such a mixture is liquid at room temperature (about 70 F.) whereas the three components solidify individually at temperatures above normal room temperatures.
• polyphenyl ethers can be obtained by known procedures such as, for example, by the Ullmann ether synthesis, by a procedure involving reaction of alkali metal phenoxides such as sodium and potassium phenoxides with aromatic halides such as bromobenzene in the presence of a catalyst such as metallic copper, copper hydroxides or copper salts.
• alkali metal phenoxides such as sodium and potassium phenoxides
• aromatic halides such as bromobenzene
• a catalyst such as metallic copper, copper hydroxides or copper salts.
• the disubstituted tin compound is combined with the fluid polyphenyl ether base fluid to the extent of, generally, between about 0.01 and 10 percent by weight of the fluid.
• Particular effective amounts depend on the nature of the individual additive and of the ether fluid; lowering the concentration sometimes enhances antioxidant effects.
• useful compositions may comprise up to about 1:1 weight ratio of the additives of this invention and the polyphenyl ether base fluid.
• compositions of this invention in addition to the polyphenyl ether base fluid and the tin compound, may additionally include any of a wide variety of further additives.
• these may include sludge inhibitors and detergents such as the oil-soluble petroleum sulfonates, to loosen and suspend products of decomposition and counteract their effect.
• Other agents such as viscosity index improvers, as exemplified by alkyl methacrylate polymers, pour point depressants, oiliness agents, and so forth, may also be present in these compositions if desired.
• EXAMPLE 1 This example illustrates preparation of a bis(aryloxyaryl) tin compound as provided by this invention.
• p-Phenoxyphenylmagnesium bromide is prepared in the usual manner using 50 grams (g) (0.20 mole) of pbromophenyl phenyl ether and 4.86 g. (0.20 g-atom) of magnesium using tetrahydrofuran as solvent. To the Grignard reagent is added 18.9 g (0.1 mole) of stannous chloride (anhydrous) dissolved in 150 milliliters (ml) of tetrahydrofuran. The mixture is refluxed for 2 hours and cooled. About 65 ml of saturated ammonium hydroxide solution is added and the mixture is filtered. The filtrate is reduced to dryness. The yellow viscous oil obtained solidifies on standing: the compounds as formed initially is identified as monomeric bis(phenoxyphenyl)tin, and the solid formed on standing, as polymeric bis(phenoxyphenyl) tin.
• EXAMPLE 2 This example provides an illustration of the improved oxidation stability of compositions of this invention as compared to the base fluid in the absence of additive.
• a lubricant composition is prepared by combining disubstituted tin compounds, as set forth below, with a polyphenyl ether of the following composition, by weight: 65% m-bis(mphenoxyphenoxy)benzene, 30% m-[(m-phenoxyphenoxy)(pphenoxyphenoxy)]benzene, 5% m-bis(p-phenoxyphenoxy)benzene.
• Portions of the stated polyphenyl ether are combined, respectively, with the monomeric and with the polymeric, solids bis(phenoxyphenyl)tin product made as described in Example 1, each in a proportion of l g of the tin compound to 100 g of the base fluid.
• a portion of the base fluid used to provide the abovedescribed composition is reserved free of additive, and the stated compositions and the sample of the base fluid without additive are subjected to the above-described oxidation test, conductor with and without the presence of wires of Fe, Ag, Cu and A1, with the following results:

Landscapes

• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
• Power Engineering (AREA)
• Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
• Lubricants (AREA)
• Polyethers (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=26977225

Family Applications (2)

Family Applications After (1)

Country Status (7)

Cited By (4)

Family Cites Families (5)

• 0
  • GB GB1084043D patent/GB1084043A/en not_active Expired
  • GB GB1084044D patent/GB1084044A/en not_active Expired
• 1963
  • 1963-09-19 US US310129A patent/US3674822A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 1964
  • 1964-09-17 CH CH1212364A patent/CH467332A/de unknown
  • 1964-09-17 NL NL6410865A patent/NL6410865A/xx unknown
  • 1964-09-18 DE DE19641594488 patent/DE1594488B2/de active Pending
  • 1964-09-18 IL IL22109A patent/IL22109A/en unknown
  • 1964-09-18 BE BE653242D patent/BE653242A/xx unknown
• 1967
  • 1967-12-07 US US733724A patent/US3490738A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime

Also Published As

Similar Documents