US3674621A - Process of making a sheet paper - Google Patents

Process of making a sheet paper Download PDF

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US3674621A
US3674621A US12074A US3674621DA US3674621A US 3674621 A US3674621 A US 3674621A US 12074 A US12074 A US 12074A US 3674621D A US3674621D A US 3674621DA US 3674621 A US3674621 A US 3674621A
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fiber
paper
binder
sheet
synthetic
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Haruo Miyamoto
Hideho Uchida
Masaru Uehara
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Mitsubishi Rayon Co Ltd
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Mitsubishi Rayon Co Ltd
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Priority claimed from JP44013640A external-priority patent/JPS4912151B1/ja
Priority claimed from JP44013639A external-priority patent/JPS4913950B1/ja
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H5/00—Special paper or cardboard not otherwise provided for
    • D21H5/12—Special paper or cardboard not otherwise provided for characterised by the use of special fibrous materials
    • D21H5/20—Special paper or cardboard not otherwise provided for characterised by the use of special fibrous materials of organic non-cellulosic fibres too short for spinning, with or without cellulose fibres

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  • the present invention relates to a process of making a synthetic fiber paper, more particularly, relates to a process of making a synthetic fiber paper largely or entirely composed of hydrophobic synthetic fiber, for example, polyolefine fiber, polyester fiber, etc., by using a hot water soluble fiber binder such as polyvinyl alcohol fiber binder, which results in the provision of hydrophobic sheet paper having especially excellent mechanical properties at dry conditions.
  • the present invention relates to a process of making a synthetic fiber paper which is characterized by a selection of paper stock and conditions of after-treatment, especially heat-treatment conditions which results in the provision of synthetic fiber paper having various prominent appearances or shapes and excellent physical properties.
  • thermo and humidity sensitive fiber binder in other words, hot Water soluble fiber binder made from a compound easily soluble in hot water, which was represented by a polyvinyl alcohol fiber binder, has enabled the industrial production of vinylon paper or rayon paper.
  • a fiber binder in case it is added at an amount from 5 to 25% 0.W.F. to fibers composing a paper as the principal inice gredients, is melted by heat of the dryer (approximately C.) and moisture in the wet web on web forming process and forms bonds among the fibers.
  • the hot water soluble fiber binder cannot fulfill its function as a binder, so that the sheet has an appearance of so-called web in the production of non-woven fabric by a dry process, not being similar to water leaf. That is, even though the wet web containing from 10 to 20% by weight of polyvinyl alcohol fiber binder, in which fibers composing the web as the principal ingredient are so less densified to each other and do not have much contact amongst themselves or with the fiber binder, is subjected to wet and heat conditions at a dryer part so as to melt the fiber binder, the fiber binder shrinks by itself or adheres only to a slight degree to the principal tfibGI'S or among them and forms insignificant intertvvists. Consequently, utilizing efficiency of the fiber binder is cut down and possibility of an expected strength would not be gained, whatsoever.
  • the present invention provides a process of making a sheet paper comprising preparing an aqueous dispersion containing synthetic fiber having a moisture regain of not more than 5%, a hot water soluble fiber binder and carboxymethyl cellulose, and subsequently, forming a sheet paper from said aqueous dispersion.
  • moisture regain is defined as the amount of moisture in a synthetic fiber under prescribed conditions expressed as a percentage of the weight of the moisture-free specimen (see 118 LO208-1108 and ASTM D 123-68a).
  • the moisture regain value is thus a measure of the hydrophobic property of synthetic fibers.
  • the term is herein used to indicate the moisture regain value determined under a moisture equilibrium condition at a relative humidity of 95% and a temperature of 20 C.
  • the wet web containing so much moisture in which bonds or intertwists among the fibers composing a wet web are raised and which is more densified, is moved to a dryer part, utilizing efiiciency of a hot water soluble fiber binder added into the wet web, is raised, and consequently, hydrophobic synthetic fiber paper having especially excellent mechanical properties in dry conditions may be obtained.
  • water soluble viscous material water soluble natural high polymer such as gelatin, casein, sodium alginate, etc.; water soluble semi-synthetic high polymer such as starch phosphate, cyanoethylated starch, carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose; water soluble synthetic high polymer such as polyvinyl alcohol, poly-sodium acrylate, polyacrylamide; and polyethylene oxide, polyphosphate, etc., which recently have been used as viscous materials for making rayon paper, vinylon paper, etc., as a substitute for natural hibiscus are listed.
  • water soluble natural high polymer such as gelatin, casein, sodium alginate, etc.
  • water soluble semi-synthetic high polymer such as starch phosphate, cyanoethylated starch, carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose
  • water soluble synthetic high polymer such as polyvinyl alcohol, poly-sodium acrylate, polyacrylamide
  • a method for adding carboxymethyl cellulose of the present invention should be properly selected so as to be adapted for a paper-making machine, thickness of paper, paper-making speed, etc.
  • a superfluous addition of the material results in many drawbacks, for example, scummed material, too much moisture content of the wet web, inactive dehydration, pollution of felt, etc. So, there is a limit to the addition amounts of the material.
  • Carboxymethyl cellulose (hereinafter referred to as CMC for short) is one of the derivatives of cellulose ether formally called sodium cellulose glycolate having a 4 following structural formula and is utilized for various purposes due to its moisture retainability and protective colloidal property.
  • n a degree of polymerization
  • both which and degree of etherification define the characteristics of CMC.
  • flow characteristics of an aqueous solution of CMC largely depend on both the degree of polymerization and the degree of etherification, for example, CMC of a certain grade has such a relation to them as shown in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 2 shows a relation between a degree of etherification and a breaking strength of sheet paper, in which viscosities of CMC (cps.) are measured in 1% aqueous solution at 25 C. by using B type viscosimeter.
  • breaking strength of sheet paper is nearly in an inverse proportion to a degree of etherification in case the viscosity is constant and the breaking strength remarkably increases at the degree of etherification below 0.6.
  • a reduction of the degree of etherification exercises an undesirable effect on water solubility and stability of solution.
  • the aqueous solution of CMC has a flow characteristic corresponding to thixotropic gell or the like.
  • the degree of etherification should be more than 0.3, preferably from 0.4 to 0.6.
  • a degree of polymerization from a consideration of the relation with flow characteristics of an aqueous solution as shown in FIG. 1 it is preferably less than 1000, more preferably from 200 to 700.
  • CMC may contain salts or moisture to some extent.
  • CMC has been utilized in a process of making paper, for example, nylon paper.
  • the present invention makes a great feature of utilizing CMC together with a hot water soluble fiber binder, that is based on the fact that, in case CMC is added alone to a hydrophobic fiber such as polyolefine and polyester fiber, it cannot achieve any effect as a binder, but, in case of using both the two together, a synergistic effect can be gained.
  • Hot water soluble fiber binder such as polyvinyl alcohol fiber, polyethylene oxide fiber, etc. is preferably modified so as to melt at a wet-heat condition from 30 C. to C., for example, in the case of a polyvinyl alcohol fiber by adjusting a degree of formalization, and in the case of polyethylene oxide fiber by blending water insoluble substance.
  • the fiber binder does not melt in a wet-heat condition below 100 C., it also does not melt in an actual sheet forming process. On the contrary, in case the fiber melts in a wet-heat condition below 30 C., there is the possibility that it melts in a process of preparing the dispersion of paper stock. In both cases, an expected fiber binder effect cannot be obtained.
  • These fiber binders have a fineness from 1 to 15 denier, preferably, not more than 5 denier and a cut length of less than 20 mm., preferably from 3 to 10 mm. If necessary, besides the fiber binder and CMC, addition of other adhesives, sizing agents, defoaming agents, binders, releasing agents, etc. into a fiber dispersion or a sheet forming bath is allowable.
  • the process of the present invention may be applied to not only polyolefine fiber, polyester fiber, but also other chemical and synthetic fibers.
  • the latter fibers are also processed in the same manner as the former using a hot water soluble fiber binder such as polyvinyl alcohol fiber.
  • the hot water soluble fiber binder may be previously subjected to a treatment so that the fiber binder is made insoluble by heat treatment subsequent to the above-described process.
  • the present invention provides a process of after-treating a sheet paper, which makes it a great feature that the sheet paper, formed by the above-described process, or a sheet paper, formed from an aqueous dispersion containing synthetic fiber having a moisture regain of not more than a fibrous material having a lower melting point than that of the former fiber, a hot water soluble fiber binder, and CMC is subjected to heat treatment at a temperature below the melting point of the former fiber.
  • the above process comprises, first, forming a sheet paper from an aqueous dispersion containing synthetic fiber having a moisture regain of not more than 5% and a fibrous material having a lower melting point than that of the former fiber, which melts by being subjected to heat treatment subsequent to sheet forming process and achieves an adhesive efli'ect.
  • the fibrous material is made of various synthetic resins having a lower melting point than that of polypropylene fiber or polyester fiber, for example, polyethylene, chlorinated polypropylene, chlorinated polyethylene, chlorosulphonated polyethylene, ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer, etc. for polypropylene fiber, and polypropylene, chlorinated polypropylene, polyethylene, chlorinated polyethylene, chlorosulphonated polyethylene, ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer, etc. for polyester fiber.
  • the above process further comprises subjecting the sheet paper thus formed, to heat treatment at a temperature range of above a melting point of the fibrous material and below a shrinking temperature of the former fiber having a moisture regain of not more than 5%.
  • the fibrous material melts and intertwists physically and chemically with the principal fibers, which result in good adhesive effect among the principal fibers.
  • the fibrous material in the present invention involves (1) so-called fiber made by a conventional spinning process such as a melt, dry, or rwet spinning process, and fiber-like material, for example (2) fibrous fibril or split piece made from synthetic split film by heating the same, (3) fibrous structure having an average fineness of not more than 2 denier and a cut length of not more than mm. and having a rugged surface with many fluffs made from synthetic foam material by applying shearing force to the foam material, and (4) composite fiber composed of two or more kinds of synthetic fibers in which at least one kind of synthetic fiber has a lower melting point than that of polypropylene or polyester fiber, and composite fiber-like structural material.
  • another process of after-treating a sheet paper comprises subjecting the sheet paper composed of a. synthetic fiber having a moisture regain of not more than 5% or composed of both synthetic fibers having a moisture regain of not more than 5% and a fibrous material having a lower melting point than that of the synthetic fiber to heat treatment at a higher temeprature, that is, a temperature range from a shrinking temperature of at least 5 C. below a melting point of the synthetic fiber without applying any substantial tension (or applying slight tension) for a short time.
  • a finely creped nonwoven fabric having softness, excellent strength and good homogeneity can be produced.
  • the shrinking behaviour of fiber depends upon its material, but, even among the same materials, it also largely depends upon molecular orientation, which is surmised from the amount of tension applied to the fiber in a process of manufacture, and upon conditions of annealing.
  • molecular orientation which is surmised from the amount of tension applied to the fiber in a process of manufacture, and upon conditions of annealing.
  • vinyon fiber not yet heat treated, shrinks to amounts of 25% under a dry heat condition of 120 C.
  • vinyon fiber, already subjected to annealing at C. for 6 hrs. shrinks only 2.2% under the same condition.
  • the synthetic fiber used in the present invention may have any shrinkage by the heat treatment of the invention, and so, any desirable effect could be expected.
  • the shrinkage of fiber is usually proportionate to a temperature of the shrinking treatment ,(heat treatment). The higher the temperature, the more the shrinkage.
  • the thermoplastic synthetic fiber is treated at a higher temperature range in which the fiber melts or intensely softens or shrinks, the fibers feeling is rather hardened after the treatment. From the above reason, the heat treatment of the above process is preferably carried out at a temperature range from a shrinking temperature to a temperature of at least 5 C. below a melting point or an intensely melt-shrinking temperature.
  • the above heat treatment is intended as the wet nonwoven fabric softens due to its shrinkage. But, it is also noticeable that the shrinkage depends on the construction of the fabric.
  • a synthetic fiber paper Prior to the above shrinking treatment, a synthetic fiber paper may be subjected to a heat treatment at a temperature below the shrinking temperature by a hot air heater or infrared heater, or to a heat treatment at a temperature below the melting point under tension or by calendering.
  • the split film has a surface with so many fluffs, which, in case the film is laminated with a wet web, intertwist with the web and is united by drying, peeling off between the web layers cannot be created.
  • the split film having a lower melting point than that of the principal synthetic fiber is laminated together with the synthetic fiber into a sheet, and thereafter, the sheet is subjected to pressing or calendering at a temperature above a melting point of the film, patterned paper having a graceful look and a still higher tenacity is obtained.
  • the effect may be achieved in the synthetic fiber paper having a large transparency and less density. The larger fineness the synthetic fiber has and the less the density is, the more prominent it is. In the case of cellulose pulp paper, which is more densified, it would not be expected.
  • Synthetic fiber having a moisture regain of not more than as referred to in the present invention means fiber of the polymer in which the principal constituent unit is polyester and polyolefine, respectively.
  • polyester it may be a copolymer of two or more components
  • polyolefine it may be a homopolymer of ethylene, propylene, styrene, etc., or a copolymer of two or more components.
  • These polymers may contain additives such as a stabilizer, antistatic agent, colorant, perfume, etc.
  • a most effective synthetic fiber in accordance with the present invention is polypropylene fiber, which is hydrophobic in excess and has the least water retainability.
  • any machine for example, a pin tenter, clip tenter, roller setter, infrared dryer or hot air heater such as a suction drum dryer may be used, but of the types in which width and feeding speed may be adjusted with ease, are preferable.
  • a synthetic fiber sheet paper thus obtained, a fabriclike sheet obtained by after-treating the sheet paper and a patterned sheet paper have excellent mechanical properties due to a high utilizing effect of the fiber binder, and superior chemical properties such as hydrophobic property, insulating property, chemical resistance, due to its own nature.
  • a sheet paper except a patterned sheet paper has a lower density, soft hand-feeling and good gas transmission. From the above features, these sheet papers have various uses, for example, medical supplies, filters, padding cloths, insulation tape, surface mats for reinforced plastic, protecting paper for dyeing, packing paper, heatsealing paper, base paper for coating, interlining cloth for synthetic leather and other materials.
  • Viscosities of an aqueous solution of CMC and other viscous materials were measured by a B type viscosimeter.
  • Strength of the paper is shown in Table 1 column (A) in comparison with those of various papers which were made in the same manner as the above except (B) using CMC without the PVA fiber binder, (C) using 20% of PVA fiber binder without CMC, (D) not using either binder now CMC (B) using 20% of PVA fiber binder and sodium alginate as a substitute for CMC (F) using 20% of PVA fiber binder and polyethylene oxide as a substitute for CMC.
  • the polyethylene oxide having a viscosity of 500 cps. in 1% aqueous solution was used at a concentration of 0.02% based on the weight of the aqueous dispersion of the fiber.
  • a paper-making machine may be of a conventional type such as Fourdrinier machine, Short wire paper machine, cylinder machine and of a new type such as Rotoformer, Vertiformer,
  • EXAMPLE 2 100 parts of polypropylene fiber having a fineness of 1.5 d. and a cut length of 5 mm. and 20 parts of PVA fiber binder were dispersed in an aqueous solution containing a 0.01% nonionic surface active agent. To this dispersion, (G) an aqueous solution of CMC having a viscosity from 300 to 350 cps., in 1% aqueous solution at 25 C. and degree of etherification from 0.6 to 0.67 and (H) aqueous solution of CMC having a viscosity from 500 to 1000 cps.
  • the paper thus obtained, had a soft hand feeling like non-woven fabirc and excellent mechanical properties.
  • the paper was subjected to heat treatment at 125 C. for 4 min. so that the polyethylene fiber was melted.
  • EXAMPLE 3 100 parts of polyester fiber having a fineness of 2.0 denier and a cut length of 5 mm. and 20 parts of PVA fiber binder were dispersed into an aqueous solution containing 0.01% nonionic active agent. To this aqueous dispersion, an aqueous solution of CMC having a viscosity from 150 to 250 cps. in 1% aqueous solution at 25 C. and a degree of etherification of 0.54% was added to prepare an aqueous dispersion containing 0.006% CMC. A hand sheet of polyester fiber was made from the dispersion in the same manner as in Example -1 and the sheet was adhered to a photographic ferrotype plate and subjected to infrared drying at a surface temperature of 110 C.
  • NATIONAL MX-120 number of revolutions, 1800 r.p.m.
  • a ratio of ethylene/vinyl acetate in the copolymer of the present invention may be varied in compliance with an adhesion to the fiber composing the principal ingredient of paper and other requirements.
  • the copolymer contains from 15 to 45% by weight of vinyl acetate, and, in case a content of vinyl acetate in the copolymer exceeds 45 by weight, a melting point of the resultant copolymer drops below 60 C. and a blocking resistance is reduced, that is, the copolymer loses its function as a binder.
  • EXAMPLE 7 Polyethylene foam sheet (low-density polyethylene) having a bulk density of 0.03 g./cm. and a thickness of 7 mm. in which individual foam was basically independent but partially connected at portions to each other, was cut into chips of approximately 50 mm. by a cutter. 200 g. of the chips were put into a mixer (mono phase four pole motor, number of revolutions 2000 1'.p.m.) which was provided with rotating blades of thickness 5 mm. and of a pointed head 1 mm. and which had a capacity of 30 litres, together with 2 litres of water and 2 g. of nonionic surface active agent (trademark Emulgen 905) and stirred violently for 30 min.
  • a mixer mono phase four pole motor, number of revolutions 2000 1'.p.m.
  • the chips were broken into pieces having a shape similar to wood pulp.
  • Broken chips, thus obtained were subjected to heating by using a Hollender beater (capacity of 3000 litres, roll diameter of 1250 mm., roll blade thickness of 7 mm., number of blades 84, prop-up blade thickness 4 mm.) at a concentration of 1% under an unbound condition for 60 min.
  • a Hollender beater Capacity of 3000 litres, roll diameter of 1250 mm., roll blade thickness of 7 mm., number of blades 84, prop-up blade thickness 4 mm.
  • the polyethylene fibril thus obtained, was found to be a piece having a slender shape with many fibrillated fiuffs.
  • the piece also had a length of less than 10 mm. and a fineness of less than 2 denier.
  • polypropylene fiber having a fineness of 1.5 denier and a cut length of 5 mm., 20% of the above polyethylene fibril and 15% of PVA fiber binder both based on the weight of polypropylene fiber were put into a chest (capacity 5000 litres) at a concentration of 2%, and then predetermined amounts of a nonionic surface active agent as a dispersing agent and CMC having a degree of etherification of 0.65 as a viscous material were added.
  • Paper was made from the dispersion by a cylinder machine. The paper had a basis weight of 32 g./m. uniform dispersion of fibers, good quality and soft feeling.
  • the paper was subjected to heat treatment using a heat calender (temperature of roll surface, C.; roll pressure, 5 kg./cm. (gage press)) or using a tenter (at C., for 4 min.), which resulted in the paper having excellent strength and a slight difference between dryand wet-tenacity.
  • the mechanical properties are shown in Table 6.
  • CMC having a degree of etherification of 0.65
  • Paper was made from the dispersion by a conventional cylinder machine. The paper had a basis weight of g./m. and displayed uniform dispersion of fibers, good quality and soft feeling.
  • Tenacity and elonga- A composite rfiber as is referred to in the present invention is not limited to the one in the above example which was a side-by-side type and had a composite ratio of 1:1.
  • a composite ratio may be varied from a viewpoint of composite-spinnability, that is, a content of polymer having a lower melting point may decrease according to a proportional ratio. In the above case, however, the content cannot decrease so much that the polymer having a lower melting point has a composite ratio of less than 20% by weight based on the whole web sheet. Also, a
  • section of composite fiber may be of various forms, for
  • Polyethylene fibril which may be used in the present invention, is prepared as follows: low density or mediumor high-density polyethylene film (high density polyethylene film of 20,11. thickness was used in the above Example 8) are split into tapes as thinly as possible, preferably in a thickness from 10 to loop, by a conventional method, and the split tape is cut into chips of lengths from 1 to 15 mm., preferably from 3 to 10 mm. by a cutter, and then subjected to beating under predetermined conditions using a beater usually used in paper making from pulp, and thusly, transformed into small fibrous chips of an average fineness from 0.1 to 10 denier, preferably 2 denier.
  • EXAMPLE 9 Polypropylene fibers of a fineness of 1.5 denier and a cut length of 5 mm., 40% based on the weight of polypropylene fiber, of a side-by-side type composite fiber having a fineness of 3 denier and a cut length of 6 mm., which was composed of polypropylene (PP #2000, made by Mitsubishi Petroleum Chemical Co.) and polyethylene (DNDJ-0405, made by Nitto Unikar Co.) at a ratio of 1:1, and 10% based on the weight of both above fibers,
  • side-by-side type such as concentric-circular type, random type, etc.
  • a concentric-circular type composite fiber in which the polymer of a lower melting point is located at the outer side in its section, is most preferable.
  • EXAMPLE 10 Polypropylene fibers (Pylene, made by Mitsubishi Rayon Co.) having a fineness of 1.5 denier and a cut length of 5 mm. and 15% by weight of PVA fiber binder (Fibribond 'No. 423) based on the above fiber were put into a poacher to prepare a 2% dispersion of fiber together with a nonionic surface active agent (Emulgen 905) as a dispersing agent and CMC having a degree of etherification from 0.6 to 0.7 and a viscosity from 150 to 250 cps. at 1% aqueous solution, the added amount of both were 500 g. and 1 kg, respectively, both based on 5000 kg. of water. From the dispersion, a paper having a basis weight of 37 g./m. was made by a cylinder machine.
  • the paper shrank to the amount of 25 in the machine direction and 30% in the width direction and lost its paperlike or film-like feeling, that is, the former had a raw paperlike appearance and the latter had a paper-after-calendering type appearance, respectively. It had a soft hand-feeling like fabric.
  • the mechanical properties were as shown in Table 10.
  • Example 10 5% by weight of PVA fiber binder based on the weight of the above three fibrous materials were used as stock for paper making.
  • the paper made in the same manner as in Example 4 by using a cylinder machine, was subjected to a continuous heat treatment at 155 C. for 1 min. by using a pin tenter similar to that of Example 10.
  • the paper thus obtained, had a soft and bulky hand feeling, and little difference in strength between dry and wet conditions.
  • Mechanical properties are shown in Table 11.
  • a process of making a sheet paper comprising preparing an aqueous dispersion containing synthetic fiber having a moisture regain of not more than 5%, hot water soluble polyvinyl alcohol fiber binder in amounts from 5 to 25% based on the weight of said synthetic fiber and carboxymethyl cellulose, in amounts from 0.003 to 0.1% based on the weight of said aqueous dispersion and subsequently, forming a sheet paper from said aqueous dispersion.
  • Machine 1 120 [L34] 545 [1.00] 1,748 [2.20] 985 [1.98] Traverse 210 [0.25] 118 [0.22] 305 [0.46] 205 [0.41] Tearing factor 420 285 510 256 Bursting factor 2. 10 1. 83 2. 41. 1. 96 Hardness, G Value Machine 0.75 0.87 0. 73 0. 90 Traverse 0. 06 0.09 0.05 0. 20 Surface abrasion resistance (times). 2, 100 550 2, 600 1,150
  • NNKP 35 SR 35 parts of beaten pulp
  • said fibrous material having said lower melting point is polyethylene or its derivatives.
  • said fibrous material having said lower melting point is an ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer containing from 15 to 45 by weight of vinyl acetate.
  • said fibrous material having said lower melting point is a fibrous fibril made from synthetic split film by beating same to be fibrillated.
  • said fibrous material having said lower melting point is a fibrous structure having an average fineness of not more than 2 denier and a cut length of not more than mm. and having a rugged surface with manyl fluffs, which is made from synthetic foam material by applying a shearing force to said synthetic foammaterial.
  • said fibrous material having said lower melting point is a short length staple having a fineness of not more than denier, which being made by a melt-spinning process.
  • said aqueous dispersion contains polypropylene fiber as said fiber having a moisture regain of not more than 5% and from 10 to 35% by weight of polyethylene fiber as said fibrous material having a lower melting point based on a weight of said former fiber.
  • said aqueous dispersion contains polypropylene fiber as said fiber having a moisture regain of not more than 5% and from to 50%, based on a weight of said former fiber of a short length staple of a composite fiber composed of polypropylene and polyethylene having a fineness of not more than 15 denier as said fibrous material having a lower melting point.
  • a process of making paper comprising preparing an aqueous dispersion containing principal fiber selected from the group consisting of polypropylene and polyester with the addition of 5% to 25 by weight of polyvinyl alcohol fiber and an aqueous solution of carb0xymethyl cellulose in an amount from 0.003 to 0.1% based on the weight of the aqueous dispersion of fiber, and subsequently forming a sheet of paper from said aqueous dispersion.
US12074A 1969-02-25 1970-02-17 Process of making a sheet paper Expired - Lifetime US3674621A (en)

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JP44013640A JPS4912151B1 (de) 1969-02-25 1969-02-25
JP44013639A JPS4913950B1 (de) 1969-02-25 1969-02-25

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CA (1) CA928925A (de)
DE (1) DE2008605C3 (de)
FR (1) FR2033078A5 (de)
GB (1) GB1308831A (de)

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US4392861A (en) * 1980-10-14 1983-07-12 Johnson & Johnson Baby Products Company Two-ply fibrous facing material
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US5019211A (en) * 1987-12-09 1991-05-28 Kimberly-Clark Corporation Tissue webs containing curled temperature-sensitive bicomponent synthetic fibers
US5160582A (en) * 1989-06-07 1992-11-03 Chisso Corporation Cellulose-based, inflammable, bulky processed sheets and method for making such sheets
US5167765A (en) * 1990-07-02 1992-12-01 Hoechst Celanese Corporation Wet laid bonded fibrous web containing bicomponent fibers including lldpe
WO1993013940A1 (en) * 1992-01-21 1993-07-22 International Paper Company Recyclable polymeric synthetic paper and method for its manufacture
US5403444A (en) * 1990-03-05 1995-04-04 International Paper Company Printable, high-strength, tear-resistant nonwoven material and related method of manufacture
US5415738A (en) * 1993-03-22 1995-05-16 Evanite Fiber Corporation Wet-laid non-woven fabric and method for making same
US5800884A (en) * 1990-03-05 1998-09-01 International Paper Company High gloss ultraviolet curable coating for porous substrates
US6171443B1 (en) 1990-03-05 2001-01-09 Polyweave International, Llc Recyclable polymeric synthetic paper and method for its manufacture
US6352947B1 (en) 1998-06-10 2002-03-05 Bba Nonwovens Simpsonvillle, Inc. High efficiency thermally bonded wet laid milk filter
US20030130633A1 (en) * 1996-12-06 2003-07-10 Weyerhaeuser Company Unitary stratified composite
WO2004025024A1 (en) * 2002-09-10 2004-03-25 Fibermark, Inc. High temperature paper containing aramid component
US6733628B2 (en) * 2000-02-28 2004-05-11 Saffil Limited Method of making fibre-based products and their use
US6958108B1 (en) * 1998-04-30 2005-10-25 M-Real Oyj Method of producing a fiber product having a strength suitable for printing paper and packaging material
US20080029236A1 (en) * 2006-08-01 2008-02-07 Williams Rick C Durable paper
US20110150715A1 (en) * 2009-12-17 2011-06-23 Unifrax I Llc Multilayer Mounting Mat for Pollution Control Devices
US20110150717A1 (en) * 2009-12-17 2011-06-23 Unifrax I Llc Mounting mat for exhaust gas treatment device
US8679415B2 (en) 2009-08-10 2014-03-25 Unifrax I Llc Variable basis weight mounting mat or pre-form and exhaust gas treatment device
US8765069B2 (en) 2010-08-12 2014-07-01 Unifrax I Llc Exhaust gas treatment device
US20140262088A1 (en) * 2013-03-14 2014-09-18 Neenah Paper, Inc. Methods of Molding Non-Woven Carbon Fiber Mats and Related Molded Products
US8926911B2 (en) 2009-12-17 2015-01-06 Unifax I LLC Use of microspheres in an exhaust gas treatment device mounting mat
US9120703B2 (en) 2010-11-11 2015-09-01 Unifrax I Llc Mounting mat and exhaust gas treatment device
US9358576B2 (en) 2010-11-05 2016-06-07 International Paper Company Packaging material having moisture barrier and methods for preparing same
US9365980B2 (en) 2010-11-05 2016-06-14 International Paper Company Packaging material having moisture barrier and methods for preparing same
US9631529B2 (en) 2009-04-21 2017-04-25 Saffil Automotive Limited Erosion resistant mounting mats
US9650935B2 (en) 2009-12-01 2017-05-16 Saffil Automotive Limited Mounting mat
US9924564B2 (en) 2010-11-11 2018-03-20 Unifrax I Llc Heated mat and exhaust gas treatment device
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US3947315A (en) * 1970-05-26 1976-03-30 Wiggins Teape Research & Devel. Ltd. Method of producing non-woven fibrous material
US3880706A (en) * 1970-11-16 1975-04-29 Harold Malcolm Gordon Williams Security paper containing fused thermoplastic material distributed in a regular pattern
US3957573A (en) * 1971-11-09 1976-05-18 Dainichi-Nippon Cables, Ltd. Process for producing insulating paper where the paper is frictionally calendered
US3998689A (en) * 1973-07-10 1976-12-21 Kureha Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Process for the production of carbon fiber paper
US4210487A (en) * 1973-11-02 1980-07-01 Sun Oil Company Of Pennsylvania Process for making synthetic paper pulp
US4049491A (en) * 1975-02-20 1977-09-20 International Paper Company Viscous dispersion for forming wet-laid, non-woven fabrics
US4200488A (en) * 1975-02-20 1980-04-29 International Paper Company Viscous dispersion for forming wet-laid, non-woven fabrics
US4166758A (en) * 1975-09-18 1979-09-04 Kanzaki Paper Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Method for the production of a matted transparent paper and the product thereof
US4257843A (en) * 1975-09-18 1981-03-24 Kanzaki Paper Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Method for the production of a matted transparent paper and the product thereof
US4084949A (en) * 1975-11-06 1978-04-18 The Dexter Corporation Surgical face mask filtering medium
US4069082A (en) * 1975-12-04 1978-01-17 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Process for the transformation of a comminuted swellable cellulose ether into an easily workable material
US4182649A (en) * 1976-02-09 1980-01-08 W. R. Grace & Co. Polyurethane foam sheet and method
US4425126A (en) 1979-12-28 1984-01-10 Johnson & Johnson Baby Products Company Fibrous material and method of making the same using thermoplastic synthetic wood pulp fibers
US4645565A (en) * 1980-04-30 1987-02-24 Arjomari-Prioux Material in sheet form, convertible into a finished product by moulding-stamping or heat-shaping, comprising reinforcing fibers and a thermoplastics resin in power form, and process for preparing said material
US4318774A (en) * 1980-05-01 1982-03-09 Powell Corporation Composite nonwoven web
US4392861A (en) * 1980-10-14 1983-07-12 Johnson & Johnson Baby Products Company Two-ply fibrous facing material
US5019211A (en) * 1987-12-09 1991-05-28 Kimberly-Clark Corporation Tissue webs containing curled temperature-sensitive bicomponent synthetic fibers
US4973382A (en) * 1988-07-26 1990-11-27 International Paper Company Filtration fabric produced by wet laid process
US5160582A (en) * 1989-06-07 1992-11-03 Chisso Corporation Cellulose-based, inflammable, bulky processed sheets and method for making such sheets
US5800884A (en) * 1990-03-05 1998-09-01 International Paper Company High gloss ultraviolet curable coating for porous substrates
US6171443B1 (en) 1990-03-05 2001-01-09 Polyweave International, Llc Recyclable polymeric synthetic paper and method for its manufacture
US5403444A (en) * 1990-03-05 1995-04-04 International Paper Company Printable, high-strength, tear-resistant nonwoven material and related method of manufacture
US5167765A (en) * 1990-07-02 1992-12-01 Hoechst Celanese Corporation Wet laid bonded fibrous web containing bicomponent fibers including lldpe
WO1993013940A1 (en) * 1992-01-21 1993-07-22 International Paper Company Recyclable polymeric synthetic paper and method for its manufacture
US5415738A (en) * 1993-03-22 1995-05-16 Evanite Fiber Corporation Wet-laid non-woven fabric and method for making same
US20030130633A1 (en) * 1996-12-06 2003-07-10 Weyerhaeuser Company Unitary stratified composite
US7125470B2 (en) * 1996-12-06 2006-10-24 National Institute For Strategic Technology Acquisitions And Commercialization Unitary stratified composite
US6958108B1 (en) * 1998-04-30 2005-10-25 M-Real Oyj Method of producing a fiber product having a strength suitable for printing paper and packaging material
US6352947B1 (en) 1998-06-10 2002-03-05 Bba Nonwovens Simpsonvillle, Inc. High efficiency thermally bonded wet laid milk filter
US6733628B2 (en) * 2000-02-28 2004-05-11 Saffil Limited Method of making fibre-based products and their use
US20040140072A1 (en) * 2002-09-10 2004-07-22 Fibermark, Inc. High temperature paper containing aramid component
WO2004025024A1 (en) * 2002-09-10 2004-03-25 Fibermark, Inc. High temperature paper containing aramid component
US7967952B2 (en) 2006-08-01 2011-06-28 International Paper Company Durable paper
US7666274B2 (en) * 2006-08-01 2010-02-23 International Paper Company Durable paper
US20100173138A1 (en) * 2006-08-01 2010-07-08 International Paper Company Durable paper
US20080029236A1 (en) * 2006-08-01 2008-02-07 Williams Rick C Durable paper
US9631529B2 (en) 2009-04-21 2017-04-25 Saffil Automotive Limited Erosion resistant mounting mats
US8679415B2 (en) 2009-08-10 2014-03-25 Unifrax I Llc Variable basis weight mounting mat or pre-form and exhaust gas treatment device
US9650935B2 (en) 2009-12-01 2017-05-16 Saffil Automotive Limited Mounting mat
US8734726B2 (en) 2009-12-17 2014-05-27 Unifrax I Llc Multilayer mounting mat for pollution control devices
US9816420B2 (en) 2009-12-17 2017-11-14 Unifrax I Llc Mounting mat for exhaust gas treatment device
US8926911B2 (en) 2009-12-17 2015-01-06 Unifax I LLC Use of microspheres in an exhaust gas treatment device mounting mat
US20110150717A1 (en) * 2009-12-17 2011-06-23 Unifrax I Llc Mounting mat for exhaust gas treatment device
US20110150715A1 (en) * 2009-12-17 2011-06-23 Unifrax I Llc Multilayer Mounting Mat for Pollution Control Devices
US8765069B2 (en) 2010-08-12 2014-07-01 Unifrax I Llc Exhaust gas treatment device
US8992846B2 (en) 2010-08-12 2015-03-31 Unifrax I Llc Exhaust gas treatment device
US9365980B2 (en) 2010-11-05 2016-06-14 International Paper Company Packaging material having moisture barrier and methods for preparing same
US9358576B2 (en) 2010-11-05 2016-06-07 International Paper Company Packaging material having moisture barrier and methods for preparing same
US9120703B2 (en) 2010-11-11 2015-09-01 Unifrax I Llc Mounting mat and exhaust gas treatment device
US9924564B2 (en) 2010-11-11 2018-03-20 Unifrax I Llc Heated mat and exhaust gas treatment device
US9506193B2 (en) * 2013-03-14 2016-11-29 Neenah Paper, Inc. Methods of molding non-woven carbon fiber mats and related molded products
US9062417B2 (en) * 2013-03-14 2015-06-23 Neenah Paper, Inc. Methods of molding non-woven carbon fiber mats and related molded products
US20140262088A1 (en) * 2013-03-14 2014-09-18 Neenah Paper, Inc. Methods of Molding Non-Woven Carbon Fiber Mats and Related Molded Products
CN110344280A (zh) * 2018-04-04 2019-10-18 特种东海制纸株式会社 纸

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA928925A (en) 1973-06-26
DE2008605B2 (de) 1974-12-05
DE2008605C3 (de) 1975-07-31
FR2033078A5 (de) 1970-11-27
BE746511A (fr) 1970-07-31
GB1308831A (en) 1973-03-07
DE2008605A1 (de) 1970-09-10

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