US3671343A - Composition for explosives comprising an alloy of magnesium and cerium - Google Patents
Composition for explosives comprising an alloy of magnesium and cerium Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3671343A US3671343A US873108A US3671343DA US3671343A US 3671343 A US3671343 A US 3671343A US 873108 A US873108 A US 873108A US 3671343D A US3671343D A US 3671343DA US 3671343 A US3671343 A US 3671343A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- cerium
- magnesium
- composition
- explosive
- alloy
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title abstract description 39
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 title abstract description 29
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract description 15
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract description 13
- 229910000636 Ce alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract description 9
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 18
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 abstract description 18
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 11
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- TZRXHJWUDPFEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)OCC(CO[N+]([O-])=O)(CO[N+]([O-])=O)CO[N+]([O-])=O TZRXHJWUDPFEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000037452 priming Effects 0.000 description 7
- RRTQFNGJENAXJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium magnesium Chemical compound [Mg].[Ce] RRTQFNGJENAXJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- DGMJZELBSFOPHH-KVTDHHQDSA-N mannite hexanitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)OC[C@@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)CO[N+]([O-])=O DGMJZELBSFOPHH-KVTDHHQDSA-N 0.000 description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012286 potassium permanganate Substances 0.000 description 3
- YADSGOSSYOOKMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxolead Chemical compound O=[Pb]=O YADSGOSSYOOKMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical class N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MKYBYDHXWVHEJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[1-oxo-1-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propan-2-yl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C(C(C)NC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 MKYBYDHXWVHEJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AGUIVNYEYSCPNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methyl-N-picrylnitramine Chemical group [O-][N+](=O)N(C)C1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O AGUIVNYEYSCPNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001447 alkali salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JOSWYUNQBRPBDN-UHFFFAOYSA-P ammonium dichromate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-][Cr](=O)(=O)O[Cr]([O-])(=O)=O JOSWYUNQBRPBDN-UHFFFAOYSA-P 0.000 description 1
- 150000001540 azides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ZJRXSAYFZMGQFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium peroxide Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-][O-] ZJRXSAYFZMGQFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003439 heavy metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002828 nitro derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002927 oxygen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B33/00—Compositions containing particulate metal, alloy, boron, silicon, selenium or tellurium with at least one oxygen supplying material which is either a metal oxide or a salt, organic or inorganic, capable of yielding a metal oxide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06C—DETONATING OR PRIMING DEVICES; FUSES; CHEMICAL LIGHTERS; PYROPHORIC COMPOSITIONS
- C06C7/00—Non-electric detonators; Blasting caps; Primers
Definitions
- Blasting caps contain as the explosive mainly lead azide, which in turn causes the reaction of a nitro compound, 64g. tetryl, which is also contained in the cap, as a booster charge.
- blasting caps are very sensitive to mechanical stress and therefore have to be handled with special caution. If improperly handled, such blasting caps can therefore detonate accidentally.
- the detonation of brisant explosives by means of a priming pellet mixture is based on the thermal shock produced by this mixture, which consists preferably of aluminum and barium peroxide.
- the use of priming pellets has the disadvantage that, for many applications, they take too long to start the detonation, requiring as much as several tenths of a second.
- a priming and noisemaking composition which comprises or consists essentially of 20 to 70 wt. percent, preferably 35-5-5 wt. percent, of a cerium magnesium alloy and 80 to 30 wt. percent, preferably 65- 45 wt. percent, of aninorganic oxidizer which yields oxygen easily.
- the composition is markedly insensitive to shock and friction.
- Such a composition which can be used in either the pressed or the unpressed state as a priming composition, brings a brisant explosive to detonation within 20 to 160 milliseconds, the term brisant explosive being understood to mean an explosive whose rate of detonation is greater than 5000 m./sec., such as PETN (pentaerythrite tetranitrate), nitromannite, or other explosive nitroesters of sugar alcohols.
- PETN penentaerythrite tetranitrate
- nitromannite or other explosive nitroesters of sugar alcohols.
- the composition does not have the high sensitivity of the blasting caps mentioned above.
- the weight ratio of cerium to magnesium in the cerium magnesium alloys ranges from 4:6 and 8.5:1.5. In the priming compositions it can range between 624 and 8.5 1.5, and preferably between 7:3 and 8 :2, in the noisemaking (firecracker) composition it can range between 4:6 and 8:2, preferably between :5 and 6:4.
- the cerium magnesium alloy can. comprise or consist of 6075 wt. percent cerium and 40-25 wt. percent magnesium.
- Inorganic compounds which easily yield oxygen suitable for the purposes of the invention are the inorganic oxygen compounds known in the art as oxygen suppliers.
- Oxides of heavy metals in the highest oxidation stage which forms a solid, stable oxide are suitable. Examples are 0110, PbO
- heavy metal oxides which decompose to a still lower oxidation stage can be used according to the invention, such as MnO' for example.
- alkali salts, alkaline earth salts, and ammonia salts of chromic and permanganic acid are also to be considered according to the invention as inorganic compounds which easily yield oxygen, examples being ammonium dichromate or potassium permanganate.
- the oxidizing agent and the cerium magnesium alloy preferably have such a fineness of grain that 100% will pass through a sieve having a mesh width of 0.1 mm.
- the mixing of the components of the priming composition is performed in a conventional manner.
- the mixture can be used for initiation either in the pressed or unpressed state. It is desirable to press it onto thebrisant explosive that is to be initiated.
- a quantity amounting, for example, to 40 mg. of the mixture will suffice to initiate 100 mg. of PETN or nitromannite.
- Example 1 4 grams of a cerium magnesium alloy consisting of cerium and 20% magnesium by weight, and having a grain size of 100% less than 0.1 mm., was intimately mixed with 6 g. of powdered lead dioxide (grain size 100% less than 0.1 mm.). Then about three grams of this mixture was pressed into a blasting cap containing 8 g. of PETN as a booster charge in the conventional manner. The charge was ignited with a primer and the blasting cap detonated within 80 milliseconds, approximately.
- Example 2 3 grams of finely powdered cerium magnesium alloy (grain size 100% less than 0.1 mm.) with 2 grams of 50% magnesium and 50% cerium was intimately mixed with finely powdered potassium permanganate (grain size 100% less than 0.1 mm). Approximately one quarter of the mixture was ignited by an incandescent flame of a bunsen burner. The charge reacted with a very loud report.
- composition of matter suitable for use as an ex plosive primer or noisemaker comprising:
- composition according to claim 1 said inorganic oxidizer being PbO CuO, or a mixture thereof.
- composition according to claim 1 said inorganic oxidizer comprising potassium permanganate.
- composition according to claim 1 the alloy of cerium and magnesium being in the proportion of cerium to magnesium of 6:4 to :15.
- composition according to claim 1 the alloy of cerium and magnesium being in the proportion of cerium to magnesium of 7:3 to 8:2.
- composition according to claim 1 the alloy of cerium and magnesium being in the proportion of cerium to magnesium of 4:6 to 8:2.
- composition according to claim 1 the alloy of cerium and magnesium being in the proportion of cerium to magnesium of 5:5 to 6:4.
- Explosive comprising as a principal component a brisant composition and as a primer therefor, an explosive primer composition according to claim 4.
- Explosive comprising as a principal component a bn'sant composition and as a primer therefor, an explosive primer composition according to claim 5.
- Explosive comprising as a principal component a brisant composition of the group pentaerythrite tetranitrate, nitromannite, and explosive nitroesters of sugar alcohols, and as a primer therefor, an explosive primer composition according to claim 1.
- Explosive comprising as a principal component a brisant composition of the group pentaerythrite tetranitrate, nitromannite, and explosive nitroesters of sugar alcohols, and as a primer therefor, an explosive primer composition according to claim 4.
- Explosive comprising as a principal component a brisant composition of the group pentaerythrite tetranitrate, nitromannite, and explosive nitroesters of sugar alcohols, and as a primer therefor, an explosive primer composition according to claim 5.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Air Bags (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
COMPOSITION OF MATTER SUITABLE FOR USE AS AN EXPLOSIVE PRIMER OR NOISEMAKER COMPRISING: (A) 20-70 WT. PERCENT OF AN ALLOY OF CERIUM AND MAGNESIUM IN THE PROPORTION OF CERIUM TO MAGNESIUM OF 4:6 TO 8.5:1.5. (B) 80-30 WT. PERCENT OF AN INORGANIC OXIDIZER FOR EXPLOSIVES.
Description
United States Patent 3,671,343 COMPOSITION FOR EXPLOSIV ES COMPRISING AN ALLOY OF MAGNESIUM AND CERIUM Heinz Gawlick, Furth, Bavaria, Gunther Marondel, Erlangen, and Werner Siegelin, Stein bei Nurnberg, Germany, assignors to Dynamit Nobel Aktiengcsellschaft, Troisdorf, Germany No Drawing. Filed Oct. 31, 1969, Ser. No. 873,108 Claims priority, application Germany, Nov. 2, 1968, P 18 06 548.0 Int. Cl. C06b 15/00 US. Cl. 149-37 13 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE Composition of matter suitable for use as an explosive primer or noisemaker comprising:
(a) 20-70 wt. percent of an alloy of cerium and magnesium in the proportion of cerium to magnesium of 4:6 to 8.5:1.5. (b)' 80-30 wt. percent of an inorganic oxidizer for explosives.
BACKGROUND The initiation of brisant explosives is commonly brought about by means of blasting caps or priming pellet mixtures. Blasting caps contain as the explosive mainly lead azide, which in turn causes the reaction of a nitro compound, 64g. tetryl, which is also contained in the cap, as a booster charge.
These blasting caps are very sensitive to mechanical stress and therefore have to be handled with special caution. If improperly handled, such blasting caps can therefore detonate accidentally.
The detonation of brisant explosives by means of a priming pellet mixture is based on the thermal shock produced by this mixture, which consists preferably of aluminum and barium peroxide. The use of priming pellets, however, has the disadvantage that, for many applications, they take too long to start the detonation, requiring as much as several tenths of a second.
THE INVENTION A priming and noisemaking composition has now been found which comprises or consists essentially of 20 to 70 wt. percent, preferably 35-5-5 wt. percent, of a cerium magnesium alloy and 80 to 30 wt. percent, preferably 65- 45 wt. percent, of aninorganic oxidizer which yields oxygen easily. The composition is markedly insensitive to shock and friction.
Such a composition, which can be used in either the pressed or the unpressed state as a priming composition, brings a brisant explosive to detonation within 20 to 160 milliseconds, the term brisant explosive being understood to mean an explosive whose rate of detonation is greater than 5000 m./sec., such as PETN (pentaerythrite tetranitrate), nitromannite, or other explosive nitroesters of sugar alcohols. The composition does not have the high sensitivity of the blasting caps mentioned above.
The weight ratio of cerium to magnesium in the cerium magnesium alloys ranges from 4:6 and 8.5:1.5. In the priming compositions it can range between 624 and 8.5 1.5, and preferably between 7:3 and 8 :2, in the noisemaking (firecracker) composition it can range between 4:6 and 8:2, preferably between :5 and 6:4. The cerium magnesium alloy can. comprise or consist of 6075 wt. percent cerium and 40-25 wt. percent magnesium.
Inorganic compounds which easily yield oxygen suitable for the purposes of the invention are the inorganic oxygen compounds known in the art as oxygen suppliers.
3,671,343 Patented June 20, 1972 Oxides of heavy metals in the highest oxidation stage which forms a solid, stable oxide are suitable. Examples are 0110, PbO However, heavy metal oxides which decompose to a still lower oxidation stage can be used according to the invention, such as MnO' for example.
Furthermore, the alkali salts, alkaline earth salts, and ammonia salts of chromic and permanganic acid are also to be considered according to the invention as inorganic compounds which easily yield oxygen, examples being ammonium dichromate or potassium permanganate.
The oxidizing agent and the cerium magnesium alloy preferably have such a fineness of grain that 100% will pass through a sieve having a mesh width of 0.1 mm.
The mixing of the components of the priming composition is performed in a conventional manner. The mixture can be used for initiation either in the pressed or unpressed state. It is desirable to press it onto thebrisant explosive that is to be initiated. A quantity amounting, for example, to 40 mg. of the mixture will suffice to initiate 100 mg. of PETN or nitromannite.
Example 1 4 grams of a cerium magnesium alloy consisting of cerium and 20% magnesium by weight, and having a grain size of 100% less than 0.1 mm., was intimately mixed with 6 g. of powdered lead dioxide (grain size 100% less than 0.1 mm.). Then about three grams of this mixture was pressed into a blasting cap containing 8 g. of PETN as a booster charge in the conventional manner. The charge was ignited with a primer and the blasting cap detonated within 80 milliseconds, approximately.
Example 2 3 grams of finely powdered cerium magnesium alloy (grain size 100% less than 0.1 mm.) with 2 grams of 50% magnesium and 50% cerium was intimately mixed with finely powdered potassium permanganate (grain size 100% less than 0.1 mm). Approximately one quarter of the mixture was ignited by an incandescent flame of a bunsen burner. The charge reacted with a very loud report.
What is claimed is:
1. Composition of matter suitable for use as an ex plosive primer or noisemaker comprising:
(a) 20-70 wt. percent of an alloy of cerium and magnesium in the proportion of cerium to magnesium of 4:6 to 8.5215.
(b) 80-30 wt. percent of an inorganic oxidizer for explosives.
2. Composition according to claim 1, said inorganic oxidizer being PbO CuO, or a mixture thereof.
3 Composition according to claim 1, said inorganic oxidizer comprising potassium permanganate.
4. Composition according to claim 1, the alloy of cerium and magnesium being in the proportion of cerium to magnesium of 6:4 to :15.
5. Composition according to claim 1, the alloy of cerium and magnesium being in the proportion of cerium to magnesium of 7:3 to 8:2.
6. Composition according to claim 1, the alloy of cerium and magnesium being in the proportion of cerium to magnesium of 4:6 to 8:2.
7. Composition according to claim 1, the alloy of cerium and magnesium being in the proportion of cerium to magnesium of 5:5 to 6:4.
8. Explosives comprising as a principal component a brisant composition and as a primer therefor, an explosive primer composition according to claim 1.
9. Explosive comprising as a principal component a brisant composition and as a primer therefor, an explosive primer composition according to claim 4.
10. Explosive comprising as a principal component a bn'sant composition and as a primer therefor, an explosive primer composition according to claim 5.
11. Explosive comprising as a principal component a brisant composition of the group pentaerythrite tetranitrate, nitromannite, and explosive nitroesters of sugar alcohols, and as a primer therefor, an explosive primer composition according to claim 1.
12. Explosive comprising as a principal component a brisant composition of the group pentaerythrite tetranitrate, nitromannite, and explosive nitroesters of sugar alcohols, and as a primer therefor, an explosive primer composition according to claim 4.
13. Explosive comprising as a principal component a brisant composition of the group pentaerythrite tetranitrate, nitromannite, and explosive nitroesters of sugar alcohols, and as a primer therefor, an explosive primer composition according to claim 5.
CARL D. QUARFORTH, Primary Examiner S. J. LECI-IERT, JR, Assistant Examiner US. Cl. X. R.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19681806548 DE1806548A1 (en) | 1968-11-02 | 1968-11-02 | Ignition mixture for initiating explosive explosives |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3671343A true US3671343A (en) | 1972-06-20 |
Family
ID=5712129
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US873108A Expired - Lifetime US3671343A (en) | 1968-11-02 | 1969-10-31 | Composition for explosives comprising an alloy of magnesium and cerium |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3671343A (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS491522B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | AT291074B (en) |
| DE (1) | DE1806548A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2022449A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1225885A (en) |
| NL (1) | NL6916448A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3753813A (en) * | 1971-11-24 | 1973-08-21 | Us Navy | Dense propellant containing fluoropolymers and heavy metal component |
| US6001508A (en) * | 1993-06-14 | 1999-12-14 | Rayovac Corporation | AgO cathode battery |
-
1968
- 1968-11-02 DE DE19681806548 patent/DE1806548A1/en active Pending
-
1969
- 1969-10-30 FR FR6937260A patent/FR2022449A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 1969-10-31 AT AT1025469A patent/AT291074B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1969-10-31 US US873108A patent/US3671343A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1969-10-31 GB GB1225885D patent/GB1225885A/en not_active Expired
- 1969-10-31 JP JP44087528A patent/JPS491522B1/ja active Pending
- 1969-10-31 NL NL6916448A patent/NL6916448A/xx unknown
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3753813A (en) * | 1971-11-24 | 1973-08-21 | Us Navy | Dense propellant containing fluoropolymers and heavy metal component |
| US6001508A (en) * | 1993-06-14 | 1999-12-14 | Rayovac Corporation | AgO cathode battery |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2022449A1 (en) | 1970-07-31 |
| JPS491522B1 (en) | 1974-01-14 |
| DE1806548A1 (en) | 1970-05-27 |
| GB1225885A (en) | 1971-03-24 |
| NL6916448A (en) | 1970-05-06 |
| AT291074B (en) | 1971-06-25 |
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