US3668356A - Mechanical key actuator including a cantilever beam restoring force means - Google Patents

Mechanical key actuator including a cantilever beam restoring force means Download PDF

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Publication number
US3668356A
US3668356A US103557A US3668356DA US3668356A US 3668356 A US3668356 A US 3668356A US 103557 A US103557 A US 103557A US 3668356D A US3668356D A US 3668356DA US 3668356 A US3668356 A US 3668356A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
rod
base
keytop
actuating device
hinging
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US103557A
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English (en)
Inventor
Dennis H Kekas
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
International Business Machines Corp
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International Business Machines Corp
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H13/00—Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch
    • H01H13/70—Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch having a plurality of operating members associated with different sets of contacts, e.g. keyboard
    • H01H13/702—Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch having a plurality of operating members associated with different sets of contacts, e.g. keyboard with contacts carried by or formed from layers in a multilayer structure, e.g. membrane switches
    • H01H13/705—Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch having a plurality of operating members associated with different sets of contacts, e.g. keyboard with contacts carried by or formed from layers in a multilayer structure, e.g. membrane switches characterised by construction, mounting or arrangement of operating parts, e.g. push-buttons or keys
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H13/00—Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch
    • H01H13/02—Details
    • H01H13/26—Snap-action arrangements depending upon deformation of elastic members
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H3/00—Mechanisms for operating contacts
    • H01H3/32—Driving mechanisms, i.e. for transmitting driving force to the contacts
    • H01H3/46—Driving mechanisms, i.e. for transmitting driving force to the contacts using rod or lever linkage, e.g. toggle
    • H01H2003/466—Driving mechanisms, i.e. for transmitting driving force to the contacts using rod or lever linkage, e.g. toggle using a living hinge to connect the levers

Definitions

  • MECHANICAL KEY ACTUATOR I INCLUDING A CANTILEVER BEAM RESTORING FORCE MEANS [72] Inventor: Dennis H. Kekas, Raleigh, N.C.
  • ABSTRACT An actuating device having a keytop, base, and an actuator assembly affixed to the base, the assembly including a rod and a cantilever beam arrangement for providing a snap action response to key force and for driving the rod to form an electrical make-break contact, the base and assembly constituting aunitary flexible-tough thermoplastic body.
  • FIG. 2a FlG.2b FlG.2c
  • the device comprises a keytop, a base or reference surface, and an actuating assembly affixed to the base.
  • the assembly itself frequently comprises a rod engaging the keytop.
  • the rod is movable along a constrained path, responsive to manual pressure on the key. At or towards the end of its travel, the rod drives an electrical make-break contact. Repositioning of the rod after release of manual pressure or stroking is achieved by having the assembly include a spring bias or other form of restoring force working opposite the force driving the rod.
  • the restoring force means may be the sud den buckling of a restoring spring in compression or the snap of a flexible and stressed diaphragm being turned inside out.
  • FIG. la exhibits a partia lly exploded perspective view of one embodiment of the actuating device including the keytop and the unitary body forming the base and actuator assembly.
  • FIGS. lb and 1c are respective perspective and bottom views of another embodiment of the actuating device.
  • Keyboards are fabricated from distributing numbers of the actuators usually in matrix array opposite one of the dia hragm surfaces and over corresponding apertures of the insulator.
  • the force and travel of the actuators must be uniform.
  • the number of separate components adds to both cost anddecreaseof reliability.
  • the base and actuating assembly including'the rod and restoring force means as a unitary flexible-tough thermoplastic body.
  • the assembly includes a cantilever beam arrangement secured to the base and connected to the rod by a rigid hinging engagement. As the rod translates, the movement is converted through the hinging engagement into flexure of the beams. An acute angle between the beam and the axis of the hinging engagement to the rod is maintained. Rod is stopped as the angle approaches 90. The composition of forces becomes substantially normal to the rod at this pointsuch that a sudden decay or decrease in the restoring force is sensed. This constitutes the tactile feedback.
  • the rod is repositioned when manual pressure is removed. This is due to the force component operating on the rod through the hinges becoming more longitudinal as the beams return to their unflexed position, and the angle becomes more acute.
  • the cantilever beam arrangement may preferably be embodied as a pair of spaced longitudinal members or as a substantially cylindrically shaped flexing member surrounding a portion of therod.
  • rigid members may be hinged to the rod and corresponding longitudinal members by very thin hinging segments.
  • Each hinging segment is formed from thinned cross sections of the thermoplastic in which the long chain polymers have an orientation transverse to the axis of thehinge.
  • the same hinging segments can also be fashioned for the flexible diaphragm securing the cylindrical shaped flexing member.
  • FIGS. 2a, b, and c respectively show the actuating device in its unstroked restored position, its stroked distended position, and in an elevation cut-away view.
  • FIG. 1 a partially exploded perspective view of one embodiment of the invention.
  • Keytop l is illustrated as a separate moldable part used as a finger strokable surface. It is fashioned sufficiently large to satisfy the dimensional requirements normally imposed on manually operable keytops found for example on typewriters and adding machines.
  • Base 3 and actuating assembly 5 constitute a unitary body formed from any thermoplastic material or material exhibiting a thermoplastic-elastomeric response.
  • the material should preferably be selected from at least one of the group consisting of polypropylene, nylon, delrin, polyphenylene oxide, and an injection moldable polyurethane.
  • One materialfound especially significant was polypropylene 20 percent or less volume filled with antimony oxide. The materials aspect of this invention will be described subsequently in greater detail.
  • the base 3 forms a rigid reference surface to which the actuation assembly is secured and the-movement of the keytop and assembly parts referenced.
  • the base thickness dimension is selected to obtain the desired rigidity.
  • the actuator assembly 5 comprises an actuating rod 13 freely translatable through an aperture 9 in base 3.
  • Longitudinal members 15 and 17 form a cantilever arrangement with rod 13 through hinging members 19 and 21.
  • One end of the longitudinal members is moldably secured to the base.
  • the other end is moldably fastened to the hinging members.
  • the hinging members are moldably fastened to the rod.
  • rod end 23 mechanically engages protrusion 11 of keytop 1 to complete the actuating device.
  • FIG. 2a there is shown the actuating device ,in its rest or non-finger stroked position.
  • the keytop l is fixedly mounted on the rod end so that its bottom edge 22 extends a distance d above the base surface 25.
  • Longitudinal members 15 and 17 fonn a cantilever beam arrangement secured to base 3 at one of their respective ends.
  • Members 19 and 21 of length l hinge the beams to rod 13. They thereby define an acute angle 0 between member 19 and beam 15 and a member 21 and beam 17.
  • the requirement of acuteness of angle 6 may be restated as 0 should be in the range defined by actuating device is ordinarily used to distend, for example, an
  • Such a switch has a pair of deformable conductive surfaces 25 and 29 spaced apart by an apertured insulating layer 27.
  • Keytop l in FIG. 2b is manually depressed such that rod 13 translates downward through distance d.
  • This translation is converted into an equivalent bending moment about beams 15 and 17 through corresponding hinge members .19 and 21.
  • the deflective loading and beam shaping and displacement of the beams for any constitutive material may be determined by reference to any standard treatise in strength of materials such as, Strength of Materials by Timoshenko, Vol. 1 and 2, A Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., 450 33rd St., N. Y. 10001, copyright 1955.
  • the bending moment restores the rod 13 to the position shown in FIG. 2a upon the release of keytop 1.
  • the material selected and its preparation should receive careful consideration. It is evident referencing FIGS. 2a and b that the material must be rigid at base 3 and the base attached portions of beams 15 and 17 and rod 13. Hinge members 19 and 21 must be sufficiently rigid to transmit the bending force to displace beam ends 15 and 17. Notably, the beams must be susceptible of flexure. Concomitantly, material forming the actual hinging engagements 33 and 35 must also be substantially elastomeric. In order to fabricate both a unitary body and a reliable hinge" it was found that a material forrnable by a molding process would be advantageous.
  • thermoplastics could be molded, i.e., injection molded into a unitary body and that flexible-tough therrnoplastics also had long oriented polymer chains which constituted a good hinge.
  • thermoplastics such as plexiglas are rigid and brittle materials. Normally, such thermoplastics do not have the stretch or elastic recovery for hinge flexing purposes. However, polypropylene, nylon, delrin, polyphenylene oxide, and moldable polyurethanes exhibited the appropriate mechanical and fabrication characteristics. Accordingly, thermoplastics having the flexure-elastic properties of interest are denominated flexible-tough therrnoplastics. In contrast, thermosetting materials except for hard rubbers do not exhibit the desired rigidity and furthermore do not have orientable polymer chains for the desired hinge action.
  • Keytop l is set forth as a molded piece separated from rod 13 and base 3.
  • Protrusion 11 of the keytop constitutes a stem having a keyway 37 into which key 23 of the rod may be snugly fitted.
  • the keytop also has a hollowed out cavity 45 formed interior which generates a distinctive acoustic snap when the cavity is brought into sharp contact with base 3.
  • the base, rod, and translating means such as rigid members 19 and 21 and their hinging attachments 33 and 35 are formed from the same material.
  • the process comprised the steps of gating material into the mold positioned as in FIGS. 2a, b, and along the outer base and flowing the material down the beam sections and 17, across the outer hinge 33 to inner hinge 35, and finally into rod 13.
  • This manner of flowing the material under suitable pressure and temperature serves to align the polymer chains in a plane transverse to the hinge axes. This polymer chain orientation will produce a hinge capable of sustained flexing and reflexing.
  • lip 7 may be molded as part of base 3. Lip 7 is designed to engage apertured retaining plate 43. Any rigid plate can be used and against whose apertured sides lip 7 is flexed.
  • FIG. lb there is shown another embodiment of the invention.
  • a longitudinally slotted cylindrical shell 47 replaces beams 15 and 17 shown in FIG. la.
  • One end of the cylindrical shell is moldably secured to base 3.
  • the shell surrounds at least a portion of the rod extent.
  • the shell ls longitudinally slotted 49 to permit flexure of the other end.
  • FIG. 10 a bottom view of the assembly illustrated in FIG. lb is set forth.
  • a rigid diaphragm 51 is hingedly attached 33 to the cylindrical end along the diaphragm outer periphery. It is likewise hingedly attached 35 to rod 13 towards the nose end 31. Flexure is achieved in the same manner as shown in FIGS. 2a, b, and c.
  • hinge thicknesses in the range between 0.010 to 0.001 are adequate.
  • an actuating device more particularly adapted to electric switches and having a keytop, a base, and an actuator assembly affixed to the base, the assembly including an actuating rod mechanically engaging the keytop, and means for translating the rod along a defined path relative to the base responsive to keytop stroking, and for restoring the rod to its former position in the absence of stroking, the base and the assembly constituting a unitary flexible tough thermoplastic body; wherein the translating means comprise:
  • first and second beam member secured to the base at one of their ends and forming at the other of their ends a hinging engagement with the rod through the hinging means and the corresponding rigid member, each beam member being deflected by a corresponding rigid member as the rod translates;
  • the flexible-tough thermoplastic body is formed from a material selected from at least one of the group consisting of polypropylene, nylon, delrin, polyethylene, polyphenylene oxide, and injection moldable polyurethane.
  • the keytop forms a substantially hollowed out cavity facing one surface of the base and being spaced apart therefrom such that a distinct acoustic wave is generated upon the keytop being stroked and the cavity impacting the base surface.
  • an actuating device more particularly adapted to electric switches and having a keytop, a base, and an actuator assembly affixed to the base; the assembly including an actuating rod mechanically engaging the keytop; and means for translating the rod along a defined path relative to the base responsive to keytop stroking, and for restoring the rod position in the absence of stroking, the base and assembly constituting a unitary flexible tough body;
  • the translating means comprise:
  • a cantilever beam arrangement secured to the base at one end thereof and further including means for forming a spaced and rigid hinging engagement between the other end of the beam arrangement and the rod, the beam arrangement flexing as the rod translates:
  • the cantilever beam arrangement comprises:
  • rigid diaphragm means hingedly attached to the other cylindrical flexing member end along the diaphragm outer periphery and hingedly attached to the rod along the diaphragm inner periphery.
  • the base and assembly constituting the unitary body are formed from a flexible-tough thermoplastic material.
  • the base and assembly constituting the unitary body are formed from a material selected from at least one of a group of materials consisting of polypropylene, nylon, delrin, polyethylene, polyphenylene oxide, and moldable polyurethanes.
  • the base and assembly constituting the unitary body are formed from polypropylene suffused with antimony oxide.
  • the antimony oxide constitutes no more than 20 percent of the propylene and antimony oxide volume.
  • each hinging engagement is fashioned from a segment of thermoplastic material having a cross section thickness T parallel to the hinging axis in the range 0.001 inches T s 0.01 inches and further wherein the long chain polymers are oriented transverse to the hinging axis.
  • a mechanical key actuator having a keytop, a base, and an actuator assembly affixed to the base, the assembly including a rod engaging the keytop, and means for moving the rod along a path of distance d relative to the base responsive to keytop stroking, and for restoring the rod to its former position as the stroking force is removed, the base and assembly constituting a unitary flexible tough body, wherein the translating means comprise:
  • a cantilever beam secured to the base at one end thereof and including means for forming a spaced and rigid hinging engagement of length 1 between the other end of the and the rod, the beam flexing as the rod moves; and means for limiting the excursion of the rod with respect to the beam and the base such that an angle 0 between the beam longitudinal axis and the rigid hinging engagement axis lies within the range 0 5 cos whereby the resulting composition of forces urged by the beam upon the rod includes a force component lying in the restoring force direction.
  • restoring force component F varies as a simple sinusoidal function of angle 0 for 0 s 0 qr/n, n 2 and as a complex sinusoidal function for 1r/n s 0 1r/2.

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  • Push-Button Switches (AREA)
  • Switches Operated By Changes In Physical Conditions (AREA)
US103557A 1971-01-04 1971-01-04 Mechanical key actuator including a cantilever beam restoring force means Expired - Lifetime US3668356A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US10355771A 1971-01-04 1971-01-04

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Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US3668356A (fr)
JP (1) JPS5221192B1 (fr)
CA (1) CA958452A (fr)
CH (1) CH534418A (fr)
DE (1) DE2165679C3 (fr)
ES (1) ES398485A1 (fr)
FR (1) FR2121212A5 (fr)
GB (1) GB1329370A (fr)
IT (1) IT945731B (fr)
NL (1) NL7117227A (fr)

Cited By (30)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3916360A (en) * 1974-08-09 1975-10-28 Singer Co Magnetic keyboard
US3940578A (en) * 1973-04-09 1976-02-24 Alphameric Keyboards Limited Keyboard structure having panel mounted key actuators with electrical component operating element
US3961147A (en) * 1974-04-10 1976-06-01 Teletype Corporation Keying contact assembly
US3964593A (en) * 1973-04-09 1976-06-22 Alphameric Keyboards Limited Keyboards
US3969600A (en) * 1975-06-11 1976-07-13 Burroughs Corporation Tactile feedback keyboard switch assembly and actuator
US3993884A (en) * 1972-09-15 1976-11-23 Victor Comptometer Corporation Detachably mounted keyboard pushbutton actuators and housing assembly
US4081631A (en) * 1976-12-08 1978-03-28 Motorola, Inc. Dual purpose, weather resistant data terminal keyboard assembly including audio porting
DE2756835A1 (de) * 1976-12-20 1978-06-29 Ring System Maskiner Gustav Tastenanordnung
US4124785A (en) * 1976-02-23 1978-11-07 Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated Telephone set
US4209820A (en) * 1976-07-23 1980-06-24 Gould Inc. Modular electrical control station
US4262181A (en) * 1980-04-21 1981-04-14 Leviton Manufacturing Company, Inc. Snap-in switch housing
US4351988A (en) * 1980-12-08 1982-09-28 Ncr Corporation Keyboard switch assembly
JPS58106824U (ja) * 1982-01-13 1983-07-20 エスエムケイ株式会社 キ−ボ−ド
US4527030A (en) * 1980-11-06 1985-07-02 Preh Elektrofeinmechanische Werke, Jakob Preh Nachf., Gmbh & Co. Keyboard
EP0423924A1 (fr) * 1989-09-27 1991-04-24 Hewlett-Packard Company Touche de commutateur à grand déplacement et rétroaction accentuée
US5124515A (en) * 1988-11-29 1992-06-23 U.S. Philips Corp. Switching mechanism
US5168982A (en) * 1990-04-12 1992-12-08 Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd. Switch device
US5228561A (en) * 1991-04-01 1993-07-20 Hewlett-Packard Company Long traveling button switch with enhanced user feedback
US5358344A (en) * 1992-09-01 1994-10-25 Key Tronic Corporation Keyboard with full-travel, self-leveling keyswitches
US5380969A (en) * 1993-04-28 1995-01-10 Sen-Cheng Wang Computer key
US5422447A (en) * 1992-09-01 1995-06-06 Key Tronic Corporation Keyboard with full-travel, self-leveling keyswitches and return mechanism keyswitch
US5459446A (en) * 1994-10-21 1995-10-17 Texas Instruments Incorporated Fluid splash barrier apparatus for aircraft circuit breakers and the like
US6215081B1 (en) * 1998-08-31 2001-04-10 Brigham Young University Bistable compliant mechanism
US6757975B1 (en) 2001-01-25 2004-07-06 Brigham Young University Multi-layered compliant mechanisms and method of manufacture
EP1294001A3 (fr) * 2001-09-14 2005-02-09 BITRON S.p.A. Dispositif pour actionner un commutateur électrique à couches multiples et à double action brusque
US20080110034A1 (en) * 2005-09-06 2008-05-15 The Gillette Company Razors
US20080142350A1 (en) * 2006-12-18 2008-06-19 Minoru Karaki Movable contact unit and switch using the same
US20090268454A1 (en) * 2008-02-28 2009-10-29 Naoki Tatehata Light guide sheet and movable contact element using the same
USD948525S1 (en) * 2020-08-03 2022-04-12 Acer Incorporated Key of keyboard
WO2024120605A1 (fr) 2022-12-05 2024-06-13 Merit Automotive Electronics Systems S.L.U. Ensemble bouton longitudinal doté d'un mécanisme anti-coincement

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5013110A (fr) * 1973-06-06 1975-02-12
DE3616669A1 (de) * 1986-05-16 1987-11-19 Jung Albrecht Fa Betaetigungsvorrichtung fuer schalteinrichtungen
DE3930754C1 (en) * 1989-09-14 1991-04-11 Leopold Kostal Gmbh & Co Kg, 5880 Luedenscheid, De Electrical four-way switch - has joystick moving block operating leaf springs of snap-action switches
DE4209437A1 (de) * 1992-03-24 1993-09-30 Schurter Gmbh Hubverlängerungselement für Folientastaturen

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3582594A (en) * 1968-11-15 1971-06-01 Mechanical Enterprises Inc Actuator useable for electric switches and the like
US3582584A (en) * 1968-08-19 1971-06-01 Nibot Corp Electrical switch having integral plastic parts

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3582584A (en) * 1968-08-19 1971-06-01 Nibot Corp Electrical switch having integral plastic parts
US3582594A (en) * 1968-11-15 1971-06-01 Mechanical Enterprises Inc Actuator useable for electric switches and the like

Cited By (38)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3993884A (en) * 1972-09-15 1976-11-23 Victor Comptometer Corporation Detachably mounted keyboard pushbutton actuators and housing assembly
US3940578A (en) * 1973-04-09 1976-02-24 Alphameric Keyboards Limited Keyboard structure having panel mounted key actuators with electrical component operating element
US3964593A (en) * 1973-04-09 1976-06-22 Alphameric Keyboards Limited Keyboards
US3961147A (en) * 1974-04-10 1976-06-01 Teletype Corporation Keying contact assembly
US3916360A (en) * 1974-08-09 1975-10-28 Singer Co Magnetic keyboard
US3969600A (en) * 1975-06-11 1976-07-13 Burroughs Corporation Tactile feedback keyboard switch assembly and actuator
US4124785A (en) * 1976-02-23 1978-11-07 Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated Telephone set
US4209820A (en) * 1976-07-23 1980-06-24 Gould Inc. Modular electrical control station
US4081631A (en) * 1976-12-08 1978-03-28 Motorola, Inc. Dual purpose, weather resistant data terminal keyboard assembly including audio porting
DE2756835A1 (de) * 1976-12-20 1978-06-29 Ring System Maskiner Gustav Tastenanordnung
US4262181A (en) * 1980-04-21 1981-04-14 Leviton Manufacturing Company, Inc. Snap-in switch housing
US4527030A (en) * 1980-11-06 1985-07-02 Preh Elektrofeinmechanische Werke, Jakob Preh Nachf., Gmbh & Co. Keyboard
US4351988A (en) * 1980-12-08 1982-09-28 Ncr Corporation Keyboard switch assembly
JPS58106824U (ja) * 1982-01-13 1983-07-20 エスエムケイ株式会社 キ−ボ−ド
JPH0119297Y2 (fr) * 1982-01-13 1989-06-05
US5124515A (en) * 1988-11-29 1992-06-23 U.S. Philips Corp. Switching mechanism
EP0423924A1 (fr) * 1989-09-27 1991-04-24 Hewlett-Packard Company Touche de commutateur à grand déplacement et rétroaction accentuée
US5168982A (en) * 1990-04-12 1992-12-08 Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd. Switch device
US5228561A (en) * 1991-04-01 1993-07-20 Hewlett-Packard Company Long traveling button switch with enhanced user feedback
US5358344A (en) * 1992-09-01 1994-10-25 Key Tronic Corporation Keyboard with full-travel, self-leveling keyswitches
US5422447A (en) * 1992-09-01 1995-06-06 Key Tronic Corporation Keyboard with full-travel, self-leveling keyswitches and return mechanism keyswitch
US5380969A (en) * 1993-04-28 1995-01-10 Sen-Cheng Wang Computer key
US5459446A (en) * 1994-10-21 1995-10-17 Texas Instruments Incorporated Fluid splash barrier apparatus for aircraft circuit breakers and the like
US6215081B1 (en) * 1998-08-31 2001-04-10 Brigham Young University Bistable compliant mechanism
EP1173861A1 (fr) * 1999-03-29 2002-01-23 Brigham Young University Mecanisme de commande d'interrupteur compatible bistable
EP1173861A4 (fr) * 1999-03-29 2002-05-15 Univ Brigham Young Mecanisme de commande d'interrupteur compatible bistable
US6757975B1 (en) 2001-01-25 2004-07-06 Brigham Young University Multi-layered compliant mechanisms and method of manufacture
EP1294001A3 (fr) * 2001-09-14 2005-02-09 BITRON S.p.A. Dispositif pour actionner un commutateur électrique à couches multiples et à double action brusque
US20080110034A1 (en) * 2005-09-06 2008-05-15 The Gillette Company Razors
US7810243B2 (en) * 2005-09-06 2010-10-12 The Gillette Company Razors
US8561301B2 (en) 2005-09-06 2013-10-22 The Gillette Company Razors
US9409302B2 (en) 2005-09-06 2016-08-09 The Gillette Company Razors
US20080142350A1 (en) * 2006-12-18 2008-06-19 Minoru Karaki Movable contact unit and switch using the same
US7605338B2 (en) * 2006-12-18 2009-10-20 Panasonic Corporation Movable contact unit and switch using the same
US20090268454A1 (en) * 2008-02-28 2009-10-29 Naoki Tatehata Light guide sheet and movable contact element using the same
US8025435B2 (en) * 2008-02-28 2011-09-27 Panasonic Corporation Light guide sheet and movable contact element using the same
USD948525S1 (en) * 2020-08-03 2022-04-12 Acer Incorporated Key of keyboard
WO2024120605A1 (fr) 2022-12-05 2024-06-13 Merit Automotive Electronics Systems S.L.U. Ensemble bouton longitudinal doté d'un mécanisme anti-coincement

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS5221192B1 (fr) 1977-06-08
FR2121212A5 (fr) 1972-08-18
IT945731B (it) 1973-05-10
DE2165679B2 (de) 1973-02-15
CH534418A (de) 1973-02-28
DE2165679A1 (de) 1972-07-13
GB1329370A (en) 1973-09-05
CA958452A (en) 1974-11-26
NL7117227A (fr) 1972-07-06
DE2165679C3 (de) 1978-05-11
JPS4714668A (fr) 1972-08-11
ES398485A1 (es) 1975-08-16

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