US3662719A - Apparatus and process for slag reduction in a vapor generator - Google Patents

Apparatus and process for slag reduction in a vapor generator Download PDF

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Publication number
US3662719A
US3662719A US79581A US3662719DA US3662719A US 3662719 A US3662719 A US 3662719A US 79581 A US79581 A US 79581A US 3662719D A US3662719D A US 3662719DA US 3662719 A US3662719 A US 3662719A
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United States
Prior art keywords
furnace
section
vapor generator
hopper
cooling air
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US79581A
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English (en)
Inventor
Justin P Winkin
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Foster Wheeler Inc
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Foster Wheeler Inc
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Publication date
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J1/00—Removing ash, clinker, or slag from combustion chambers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M5/00—Casings; Linings; Walls
    • F23M5/08—Cooling thereof; Tube walls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2700/00—Ash removal, handling and treatment means; Ash and slag handling in pulverulent fuel furnaces; Ash removal means for incinerators
    • F23J2700/002—Ash and slag handling in pulverulent fuel furnaces

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT Sprague Attorney-John Maier, Ill, Marvin A. Naigur and John E. Wilson
  • slag formation has been achieved by restricting the use of lignite fuels to fuels having an alkali metal content of less than 2 percent of the ash which has been achieved by blending the lignite fuels.
  • additives have been used with the lignite fuel such as kaolin, and various types of deslagging devices have been provided, such as the injection of water under pressure against the heat transfer surfaces, as shown in applicants copending application Ser. No. 759,184 now U.S. Pat. No. 3,541,999. While the physical removal of the slag from the heat absorption surface of the furnace is important, it is possible to operate vapor generators at greater efficiencies by decreasing the incidence of slag formation in accordance with the present invention.
  • the present invention allows for the more efficient operation of vapor generators by reducing slag to build up in the lower portion of the furnace.
  • an apparatus for reducing slag in the furnace section of a vapor generator Accordingly, the hopper section of the furnace is formed with through ports and means are provided for conveying a stream of cooling air through the ports.
  • a process for reducing slag in the furnace section of a vapor generator in which openings are formed in the hopper section of the furnace.
  • the process comprises conveying a stream of cooling air through the openings. This, the temperature in the furnace is lowered in order to reduce slag formation on the walls of the furnace seetion.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view of a vapor generator provided with means for conveying cooling air through the hopper section of the furnace;
  • FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along the lines 2-2 of FIG. 1, showing the fin tube wall and wind box construction of the vapor generators;
  • FIG. 3 is an enlarged partial sectional view taken along the lines 3-3 of FIG. 1 to more clearly show the slotted openings in the hopper section;
  • FIG. 4 is an enlarged partial sectional view taken along the lines 44 of FIG. 1 to show the position of the slotted openings along the fin tube walls;
  • FIG. 5 is a partial sectional view of an alternate wind box configuration.
  • FIG. 1 a vapor generator 10 provided with a cooling air circulation system embodying features of the present invention and generally designated by the reference numeral 12.
  • the vapor generator 10 includes a furnace section 14 capable of being fired with high alkali metal content fossil fuels and forming combustion gases which are passed through an upward vertical gas pass 16 to a horizontal gas pass 18.
  • the vapor generator 10 is formed from insulated fin tube walls 22 which are in flow communication with a header system 24.
  • the walls 22 of furnace section 14 include a front wall 26, rear wall 28, and side walls 30.
  • the walls 22 of the vapor generator 10 are formed with an insulation section 32 and a fin tube wall section 34, with the fin tube wall section 32 forming interior heat absorption surfaces 36 which bound the interior periphery of the furnace section 14.
  • the vapor generator is provided with a burnersystem 40 which includes three opposing rows of individual burners 42 which have been shown in FIG. I, mounted in the front wall 26 and rear wall 28.
  • the furnace section 14 includes a heavy slagging zone 43 which extends from the bottornportion of the furnace section 14 up to the top row of burners ,42.
  • the burners 42 are conventional equipment used for the combustion of pulverized coal and for the sake of simplicity the means for igniting and feeding the fuel to the burners 42 are indicated schematically in FIG. 1 by the arrows 44.
  • the burners 42 are mounted in a wind box 46 which is exteriorly attached to the front wall 26 and rear wall 28 of the furnace section 14.
  • the wind box 46 extends downwardly from the burners 42 to a hopper section 48 and is connected in flow communication with a duct system 50 that is connected to a source of cooling air from an air preheater, designated 52.
  • a duct system 50 that is connected to a source of cooling air from an air preheater, designated 52.
  • the hopper section 48 is conventionally formed with an inverted truncated cross section to allow for gravity expulsion of ash particles.
  • the lower headers 24 are provided with seal ing plates 54 which extend into a conventional water sealed hopper 56.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 there is shown in detail the walls 22 of hopper section 48 which comprise tubes 60 to which there are welded on either side fins 62.
  • the fins 62 are formed with slotted openings 64 for conveying a stream of cooling air, designated 66, to the furnace section 14.
  • the throat area of the hopper section 48, along which the slotted opening 64 have been formed has been designated 68.
  • the cooling air circulation system 12 of the present invention results in a cooling air stream 66 that affords direct surface cooling along the heat absorption surfaces 36 of the hopper section 48, and also assures an air oxidizing atmosphere.
  • the elongated slots 64 are formed by removing the major portion of every other fin 62, as shown in FIG. 4. Thus, there is obtained a pattern of slotted openings 64 as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4.
  • FIG. 5 there is shown another embodiment of the present invention in which corresponding parts have been designated by the same reference numerals as part of 100" series.
  • the vapor generator 110 includes a furnace section 114 having heat absorption surfaces 136.
  • the vapor generator 110 includes a furnace section 114 having heat absorption surfaces 136.
  • the burners 142 are mounted in a wind box 146 which is positioned above the hopper section 148.
  • Mounted below the wind box 146 is a duct system 150 for generating a stream of cooling air 166.
  • the duct system 150 is in flow communication with wind box 146 and throat area 168.
  • An adjustable valve 170 is provided in duct system 150 for controlling the volume of air in cooling air stream 166.
  • the cooling air circulation system 112 is adapted for use in connection with certain types of vapor generators which do not have a wind box which extends below the hopper section as in the case of the vapor generator 10. Accordingly, in the vapor generator 110 a single conduit 150 can be provided for introducing a stream of cooling air 166 through the upper portion of the throat area 168.
  • the remaining parts of vapor generator 110 which have not been shown in FIG. 5, are identical to the portions of vapor generator shown in FIGS. 2, 3, and 4.
  • the tendency for slag formations to form on the heat absorption surfaces 36 and 136 is reduced if the atmosphere adjacent to these surfaces is maintained in an oxidizing state instead of a reducing state.
  • the temperature in the zones 38 and 138 is lowered such that formation of slag on the heat absorption surfaces 36 and 136 is reduced.
  • Apparatus for reducing the temperature in the furnace section of a vapor generator including an air preheater, and formed with walls having an internal heat absorption surface and burners mounted on said walls, comprising a hopper section of said furnace formed with slotted openings, and means for conveying a stream of coolin air from said preheat er through said slotted openings suc that the temperature in said furnace section is lowered in order to reduce slag formation on the walls of said furnace section.
  • said vapor generator includes a wind box mounted on said furnace section, and a conduit extending from said wind box in flow communication with said hopper section for conveying said stream zones 38 and 138.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
  • Furnace Details (AREA)
  • Combustion Of Fluid Fuel (AREA)
US79581A 1970-10-09 1970-10-09 Apparatus and process for slag reduction in a vapor generator Expired - Lifetime US3662719A (en)

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US7958170A 1970-10-09 1970-10-09

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US3662719A true US3662719A (en) 1972-05-16

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US79581A Expired - Lifetime US3662719A (en) 1970-10-09 1970-10-09 Apparatus and process for slag reduction in a vapor generator

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US (1) US3662719A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
JP (1) JPS5755969B1 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
AU (1) AU462746B2 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
CA (1) CA929099A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
ES (1) ES395808A1 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
FR (1) FR2111152A5 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
GB (1) GB1373232A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
IT (1) IT938709B (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3867909A (en) * 1973-11-19 1975-02-25 Foster Wheeler Corp Slag prevention air slots in furnace sidewalls
US3877440A (en) * 1974-01-18 1975-04-15 Foster Wheeler Corp Curtain air system for vapor generators
DE3413287A1 (de) * 1984-04-07 1985-10-24 Steag Ag, 4300 Essen Verfahren zum betrieb einer trockenfeuerung und trockenfeuerungsanlage zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens
DE3543917A1 (de) * 1985-12-12 1987-06-25 Steinmueller Gmbh L & C Verfahren zur verbrennung von brennstoffstaub unter verminderter no(pfeil abwaerts)x(pfeil abwaerts)-bildung in einer schmelzkammer und schmelzkammer zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens
US5390612A (en) * 1993-03-01 1995-02-21 Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation Fluidized bed reactor having a furnace strip-air system and method for reducing heat content and increasing combustion efficiency of drained furnace solids
US20100101464A1 (en) * 2008-10-27 2010-04-29 Leach Billie E Methods for operating a fluidized-bed reactor
CN113834090A (zh) * 2021-09-16 2021-12-24 东方电气集团东方锅炉股份有限公司 一种降低超超临界w炉水冷壁壁温差的方法

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR612978A (fr) * 1926-03-19 1926-11-05 Utilisation Des Combustibles S Dispositif de construction des foyers à écran d'air pour charbon pulvérisé
FR670855A (fr) * 1929-03-05 1929-12-05 Vapeur & Force Motrice Soc Dispositif de refroidissement des cendres de foyers à combustible pulvérisé
US1792068A (en) * 1927-01-08 1931-02-10 Int Comb Eng Corp Stationary boiler
US2586790A (en) * 1945-07-14 1952-02-26 Dalin David Method and apparatus for combusting finely divided low sintering temperature fuel

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3357375A (en) * 1965-08-17 1967-12-12 Prenco Mfg Company Incineration of industrial waste, and apparatus
US3395655A (en) * 1966-08-29 1968-08-06 Detroit Stoker Co Incinerator construction
JPS5110034A (ja) * 1974-07-10 1976-01-27 Kubota Ltd Konbain

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR612978A (fr) * 1926-03-19 1926-11-05 Utilisation Des Combustibles S Dispositif de construction des foyers à écran d'air pour charbon pulvérisé
US1792068A (en) * 1927-01-08 1931-02-10 Int Comb Eng Corp Stationary boiler
FR670855A (fr) * 1929-03-05 1929-12-05 Vapeur & Force Motrice Soc Dispositif de refroidissement des cendres de foyers à combustible pulvérisé
US2586790A (en) * 1945-07-14 1952-02-26 Dalin David Method and apparatus for combusting finely divided low sintering temperature fuel

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3867909A (en) * 1973-11-19 1975-02-25 Foster Wheeler Corp Slag prevention air slots in furnace sidewalls
US3877440A (en) * 1974-01-18 1975-04-15 Foster Wheeler Corp Curtain air system for vapor generators
DE3413287A1 (de) * 1984-04-07 1985-10-24 Steag Ag, 4300 Essen Verfahren zum betrieb einer trockenfeuerung und trockenfeuerungsanlage zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens
DE3543917A1 (de) * 1985-12-12 1987-06-25 Steinmueller Gmbh L & C Verfahren zur verbrennung von brennstoffstaub unter verminderter no(pfeil abwaerts)x(pfeil abwaerts)-bildung in einer schmelzkammer und schmelzkammer zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens
US5390612A (en) * 1993-03-01 1995-02-21 Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation Fluidized bed reactor having a furnace strip-air system and method for reducing heat content and increasing combustion efficiency of drained furnace solids
US20100101464A1 (en) * 2008-10-27 2010-04-29 Leach Billie E Methods for operating a fluidized-bed reactor
US8196533B2 (en) 2008-10-27 2012-06-12 Kentucky-Tennessee Clay Co. Methods for operating a fluidized-bed reactor
CN113834090A (zh) * 2021-09-16 2021-12-24 东方电气集团东方锅炉股份有限公司 一种降低超超临界w炉水冷壁壁温差的方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA929099A (en) 1973-06-26
AU462746B2 (en) 1975-07-03
IT938709B (it) 1973-02-10
FR2111152A5 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) 1972-06-02
AU3421071A (en) 1973-04-12
JPS5755969B1 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) 1982-11-27
GB1373232A (en) 1974-11-06
ES395808A1 (es) 1974-10-16

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