US3662182A - Method and apparatus for the uninterrupted switching of at least one alternating-current consumer of a voltage supply source or current supply source to a different voltage supply source or current supply source - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for the uninterrupted switching of at least one alternating-current consumer of a voltage supply source or current supply source to a different voltage supply source or current supply source Download PDF

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US3662182A
US3662182A US3662182DA US3662182A US 3662182 A US3662182 A US 3662182A US 3662182D A US3662182D A US 3662182DA US 3662182 A US3662182 A US 3662182A
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Prior art keywords
voltage
load
current
power supply
supply
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English (en)
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Werner Ullmann
Renato Derighetti
Valentino Marazzi
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Agie Charmilles SA
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Agie Charmilles SA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J9/00—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting
    • H02J9/04—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source
    • H02J9/06—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/50—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to the appearance of abnormal wave forms, e.g. ac in dc installations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J9/00—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting
    • H02J9/04—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source
    • H02J9/06—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems
    • H02J9/061—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems for DC powered loads
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J9/00—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting
    • H02J9/04—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source
    • H02J9/06—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems
    • H02J9/068—Electronic means for switching from one power supply to another power supply, e.g. to avoid parallel connection

Definitions

  • Each power supply possesses electronic switch means at the connection conductors to the load.
  • An error detector determines the deviations of the waveshape of the load voltage from a predetermined waveshape of a reference voltage for a successive time interval, and upon exceeding an adjustable maximum deviation Oct.
  • the present invention relates to an improved method and apparatus for switching at least one altemating-current consumer from a voltage source or current source to a different voltage source or current source upon the appearance of a defect in the source coupled with the consumer or load, wherein each source possesses electronic switches at the connection conductor to the consumer.
  • Complicated consumers or loads for instance radar devices, electrical laboratory instruments or large data processing installations or computers which are coupled by a singleor multi-conductor-transmission system with the voltage or current source, possess great susceptibility to short-duration defects or irregularities of the current supply. Consequently, these consumers are equipped with a reserve or auxiliary power or current supply which can be switched in for a very brief period of time. However, since switching requires a certain amount of time, for instance, a full period of the alternating-current voltage or thealternating-current, practice has shown that disturbances arise within the consumer or load.
  • Another, specific object of the present invention is to devise a system which minimizes the time required for switching, thereby eliminating the aforementioned disadvantages experienced in the prior art.
  • an error detector is used to determine deviations of waveshape of the consumer voltage from the waveshape of a reference voltage, which waveshape has been predetermined for a successive period of time, and upon exceeding an adjustable maximum deviation value, can be switched to the other voltage source or current source by actuating the electronic switch.
  • the apparatus structure of the invention is manifested by the features of the arrangement of the error detector and a control logic circuit between the connection conductors of the individual voltage sources or current sources to the consumer and the electronic switches.
  • the control logic circuit influences the ignition circuits associated with the individual electronic switches in such a manner that the defective voltage source or current source, conveniently generically referred to herein as power source, is switched-out and the reserve power source, i.e., voltage source or current source is switched in.
  • FIG. I is a block diagram of the entire installation of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a block circuit diagram of the control logic circuit.
  • both of the current supplies 1 and 2 consisting of d.c.-a.c. inverters 11 and 21, are electrically coupled via electronic switches l2, 22 and the connection conductors 13, 23 to the consumer or load 3.
  • Dashed line 4 indicates that in place of the inverter 21 the normal current supply network 4 can also be connected via the electronic switch 22 with the consumer 3.
  • the error detector 5 is coupled at the junction point 51 of the connection conductors 13, 23 and 31 and influences the control logic circuit 6, the terminals or outputs of which are electrically coupled via the conductors 61, 62, 63 and 64 with the electronic switches 12 and 22.
  • Mechanical switches 14 and 24, disposed at the junction line of the current supplies 1 and 2 are coupled via the conductors 65 and 66 likewise with the control logic circuit 6, as shown.
  • the electronic switch 12 which, as known, can consist of a bridge circuit formed of a plurality of silicon controlled rectifiers (SCR) 121 and 122, are conductive.
  • the control electrodes 123 and 124 receive their ignition voltage from suitable ignition circuits, only schematically indicated M200 and 201 respectively.
  • the electronic switch 22 associated with the other current supply 2 or 4, respectively likewise consisting of, for instance, silicon controlled rectifiers 221, 222 possessing the associated control electrodes 223, 224, these rectifiers being in their nonconductive state, since their associated ignition circuits, only schematically indicated .at 202 and 203 respectively, do not deliver any ignition voltage to the control electrodes.
  • the electronic switch 12 which, as known, can consist of a bridge circuit formed of a plurality of silicon controlled rectifiers (SCR) 121 and 122, are conductive.
  • the control electrodes 123 and 124 receive their ignition voltage from suitable ignition circuits, only schematically indicated M200 and 201 respectively.
  • the electronic switch 22 associated with the other current supply 2 or 4, respectively likewise
  • the desired waveshape or'reference-voltage from the individual components of the wave envelope which follow one another in time.
  • These individual wave components can be linear or in the form of a curve. If linear components are employed, then their length must be chosen to be so small that a sufficient approximation to thefdesired waveshape, for instance sinusoidal, can be achieved. If curve-shaped components, for instance quadratic parabolic segments, are employed, then their length likewise cannot exceed a certain dimension, so that, in the same manner, it is possible to obtain a sufficient approximation to the waveshape of the referencevoltage.
  • the generation of these wave components by switching means will be explained in greater detail hereinafter. At this time there is merely stated that these components possess a certain location or position, and therefore fix for the next successive time-interval the voltage conditions without influence by other effects.
  • FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram showing details of the error de- I tector circuit
  • Each component or portion of the reference-voltage curve or reference-voltage shape is compared in the error detector 5 with the curve portion associated with the same time period of the actual-voltage curve or actual-voltage shape applied to the consumer 3. The smaller the time interval is chosen, that much more exact is the comparison.
  • the error detector 5 Upon coincidence of the reference-voltage with the actual-voltage per time interval, the error detector 5 does not deliver any signal to the control logic circuit 6. Now, if because of some type of disturbance in the inverter 1 1 of the current supply 1 the actual-waveshape at the consumer 3 deviates from the, for instance, sinusoidal shape, then, the error detector 5 determines this deviation and delivers a suitable signal to the control logic circuit 6.
  • control logic circuit 6 Since the control logic circuit 6 is informed via the feedback conductor 64 that the electronic switch means 12 are conductive, a signal is delivered via the control conductor 61 to the ignition circuit means of the electronic switch 22. Consequently, the rectifiers 221, 222 of the electronic switch 22 are placed into conductive state, so that the other power supply, for instance designated as the reserve current supply 2, is immediately switched in.
  • the control logic circuit 6 delivers a signal via the control conductor 63. to the electronic switch 12, which immediately is then placed into non-conductive state.
  • the control logic circuit 6 likewise receives via the feedback conductor 62, at the same time, information that the electronic switch 22 is conductive.
  • the mechanical switch 14 is opened via the conductor 66.
  • the mechanical switch 14 can also remain closed.
  • regulations require an additional mechanical separation possibility of the current supply.
  • the arrangement of a mechanical switch 14 or 24 is advantageous during repair of the current supply or the electronic switches. It is for this reason that further mechanical switches 15 and 25 are also coupled parallel to the electronic switches 12 and 22. Mechanical switches 15 and 25 bridging the electronic switches 12 and 22, are, if desired, likewise actuated by the control logic circuit 6.
  • FIG. 2 depicting details of the electronic error detector 5, such will be seen to incorporate a function generator 53, a null or zero passage detector 54, a circuit arrangement 55 composed of a plurality of transistors T, to T,,, a reference voltage generator 56 with a number of current-stage switches T, to T,,, as well as a comparator or comparison circuit 57.
  • FIG. 3 graphically illustrates different voltage curves for the error detector 5.
  • the voltage amplitudes are plotted along the ordinate and time along the abscissa. Individual voltage curves are illustrated in superimposed fashion such that they coincide in time.
  • the sinus-shaped alternating-current voltage 521 arriving at the consumer 3 is delivered via the conductor means 52 to the function generator 53, the zero passage detector 54 as well as to the comparison circuit arrangement 57.
  • the alternating-current voltage is rectified by a full-wave rectifier bridge 531, whereby each rectified half-wave 522 is integrated.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates such a voltage curve 523.
  • a capacitor can be suitably used as the integration element.
  • the function generator 52 can also be constructed in such manner that each rectified half-wave 522, instead of being integrated, triggers an ascending voltage curve.
  • the transistors T, to T, in the circuit or switch arrangement 55 are connected in such a manner that they respond to predetermined values of the ascending voltage curve 523 delivered from the function generator 53, that is to say, these transistors are switched into their conductive state. For instance, transistor T, responds to the lowest voltage value and the successive transistors T to T to the next higher voltage values.
  • the respective collectors of the transistors T, to T are coupled with the appropriate bases of the further transistors T to T,,, serving as amplifier means. When each transistor T, to T, becomes conductive it causes the associated further transistors T to T to also become conductive.
  • These transistors T to T control the current-stepping switch means T to T,, likewise composed of transistors, in the reference-voltage generator 56.
  • the emitter-collector path of the transistors T-, to T is in parallel with one end or terminal of the capacitor 561.
  • the other terminal of the capacitor 561 is connected via a transistor 562 to a voltage source of, for instance, +15 volts.
  • Each emitter of the transistors T, to T, is coupled via an ohmic resistance 563 to a direct-current voltage source of, for instance, -l5 volts.
  • the voltage-zero crossover or throughput detector 54 delivers a signal 524 to the function generator 53 as soon as the rectified half-wave 522 of the alternating-current voltage delivered by the conductor 52 has reached the zero crossover or null point so that the integration element 532 in the func tion generator 53 is discharged to zero.
  • transistors T, through T,, are rendered non-conductive or blocked.
  • the capacitor 561 in the reference-voltage generator 56 which is situated between +15 volts and the transistors T to T discharges.
  • the transistors T, to T are rendered conductive in series or progression and remain in the conductive state until the next signal 524.
  • the transistors T to T are likewise progressively, or in series, rendered conductive.
  • the capacitor 561 in the reference-voltage generator 56 charges whereby, however, the transistors T to T,, acting as current stepping or stage switches, are rendered conductive in the same sequence or series by the transistors T, to T
  • These current stepping or stage-selector switches cause a current flow from the capacitor, which becomes greater from switch to switch, so that the voltage at the capacitor is diminished in stages. This stepwise reduction is noticeable in that the voltage at the capacitor possesses an almost sinusoidal shape.
  • the transistors T, to T remain conductive for such length of time until the next zero or null signal is delivered by the voltage-zero crossover detector 54.
  • the current stepping switches T to T provide voltage components 525 which are added together to form the reference voltage 526.
  • FIG. 2 there have only been illustrated six current-stepping switches.
  • FIG. 3 thus shows also six components 525 which have been composed together to provide a half-wave 526 of the reference-value voltage.
  • Each component 525 corresponds to a time interval 527 of the half-wave 526.
  • Each component possesses at the beginning of its time interval, by switching in the corresponding current stepping switch T to T,,, a predetermined position or inclination. This position or inclination is fixed for the entire time-interval. If the subdivision of the reference voltage curve 526 is still to be further improved, then a greater number of current stepping switches T to T and transistors T, to T, or T to T must be provided.
  • the control section or portion 67 is coupled via the conductor 63 at the ignition circuit means 200, 201 of the electronic switch 12 of the current supply 1.
  • the control portion or section 68 is coupled via the conductor 61 with the ignition circuit means 202, 203 of the electronic switch 22 of the current supply 2.
  • the feedback conductors 64, 62 of the electronic switches 12, 22 lead to the position storage 69.
  • Each of the control circuits can, however, first then deliver a control signal to the conductors 63, 61 when the information signal from the position storage 69 about the momentary switching conditions of the electronic switches 12, 22 has been transmitted to each of these control or current circuits.
  • This information signal serves to determine polarity, so that in the assumed example the ignition circuit of the electronic switch 22 is actuated or switched in via the control portion 68 and the ignition circuit of the electronic switch 12 is switched out via the control section 67.
  • the mechanical switch 14 is opened via the conduCtor 66, if this is required by special regulations. It is once again emphasized that the mechanical switches 14, 24 normally need not be opened.
  • both of the other mechanical switches 15 and 25, depending upon requirements, can also likewise be actuated by the control logic circuit 6, or manually.
  • the installation of the mechanical switches and their actuation is dependent only upon the electro-technical prerequisites or requirements for current supply, or in accordance with special desires of the customer.
  • the method as defined in claim 1 further including the steps of forming the waveshape of the reference voltage from separate curved-wave components successively following one another in time, and determining the position of a wave component at the beginning of the time interval associated with it.
  • An apparatus for switching at least one alternating current load from one power supply, that is a voltage supply or current supply, to another power supply, that is another voltage supply or power supply, upon the appearance of an error in any one of the power supplies coupled with the load comprising connection conductor means for the individual power supplies leading to the load, electronic switch means provided for each power supply at said connection conductor means leading to said load, error detector circuit means and control logic circuit means coupled between said connection conductors and said electronic switch means, ignition circuit means associated with said individual electronic switch means, said control logic circuit means acting upon said ignition circuit means associated with the individual electronic switch means such that any of the defective power sources is switched-off and the other power source is switched-in.
  • said error detector circuit means comprises:
  • a. a function generator for forming from rectified halfwaves of the actual load voltage an ascending voltage curve
  • said switch means comprising a circuit arrangement having a first group of transistors which respond to a predetermined value of the ascending voltage curve generated in the function generator, and a second group of transistors which deliver signals from said first group of transistors to a current-stepping circuit of a reference voltage generator means;
  • a reference voltage generator means including said current-stepping circuit possessing transistors disposed parallel to a storage element and being rendered conductive in a preselected sequence, so that charging of said storage element can be influenced during predetermined time intervals, and the thus produced wave components are combined into a reference-voltage curve;
  • a comparison circuit for comparing each component of the reference-voltage curve with the rectified half-wave of the actual-voltage curve at the time interval associated with both such voltage curves.
  • control logic circuit means is composed of control portions for controlling said electronic switch means and position storage means for information concerning the momentary condition of said electronic switch means.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Remote Monitoring And Control Of Power-Distribution Networks (AREA)
  • Control Of Electrical Variables (AREA)
  • Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
  • Rectifiers (AREA)
US3662182D 1969-10-09 1970-07-20 Method and apparatus for the uninterrupted switching of at least one alternating-current consumer of a voltage supply source or current supply source to a different voltage supply source or current supply source Expired - Lifetime US3662182A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH1521269A CH497805A (de) 1969-10-09 1969-10-09 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum schnellen Umschalten mindestens eines Wechselstromverbrauchers von einer Spannungsquelle oder Stromquelle auf eine andere Spannungsquelle oder Stromquelle beim Auftreten eines Fehlers in der mit dem Verbraucher verbundenen Quelle

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CH (1) CH497805A (de)
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Cited By (25)

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US3761733A (en) * 1971-09-07 1973-09-25 Ericsson Telefon Ab L M Arrangement for uninterruptable power supply to a load from two or more a.c. power sources
US3808452A (en) * 1973-06-04 1974-04-30 Gte Automatic Electric Lab Inc Power supply system having redundant d. c. power supplies
FR2353981A1 (fr) * 1976-06-02 1977-12-30 Honeywell Inc Batterie de secours pour une alimentation en courant continu alimentee par un courant alternatif
US4087697A (en) * 1976-10-01 1978-05-02 Esb Incorporated Rapid power transfer system
US4096394A (en) * 1975-03-25 1978-06-20 A.G. fur industrielle Elektronic AGIE Apparatus for supplying electrical energy to a load
US4357545A (en) * 1979-10-26 1982-11-02 Compagnie Industrielle Des Telecommunications Cit-Alcatel Remote power supply system for equipment on a transmission line
EP0183108A1 (de) * 1984-11-23 1986-06-04 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Elektrische Kurzschluss-Überwachungsanordnung für drehzahlgeregelte Drehstrommotoren einschliesslich deren Zuleitungen
EP0309124A2 (de) * 1987-09-21 1989-03-29 AT&T Corp. Unterbrechungsfreie Stromversorgung
EP0309125A2 (de) * 1987-09-21 1989-03-29 AT&T Corp. Unterbrechungsfreie Stromversorgung
EP0416569A2 (de) * 1989-09-08 1991-03-13 Best Power Technology, Inc. Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Überwachen der Speisespannung für unterbrechungsfreie Stromversorgungen
US5386147A (en) * 1991-04-01 1995-01-31 Leland Electrosystems Inc. Aerospace power control system for monitoring and reliably transferring power buses
US6051893A (en) * 1998-10-29 2000-04-18 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Electric power supply system for load
US6172432B1 (en) 1999-06-18 2001-01-09 Gen-Tran Corporation Automatic transfer switch
US6465911B1 (en) * 2000-01-07 2002-10-15 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Power supply system switching device and method of switching between power supply system
US6630753B2 (en) * 2001-10-29 2003-10-07 International Business Machines Corporation Low cost redundant AC to DC power supply
US20060226818A1 (en) * 2005-03-31 2006-10-12 Kammeter John B Volt-second synchronization for magnetic loads
US20080174181A1 (en) * 2007-01-22 2008-07-24 Hon Hai Precision Industry Co., Ltd. Dual power supply system
US20100264743A1 (en) * 2007-10-31 2010-10-21 Hyun-Chul Jung Static transfer switch device, power supply apparatus using the switch device and switching method thereof
JP2015109740A (ja) * 2013-12-04 2015-06-11 株式会社デンソー 交流電源切替装置
JP2015198547A (ja) * 2014-04-03 2015-11-09 株式会社新愛知電機製作所 ハイブリッド形電源切替装置
ES2582679A1 (es) * 2015-03-11 2016-09-14 Elecgy Solutions S.L Sistema de conmutación suave entre circuitos de alimentación, independientes, de una carga común
WO2016210065A1 (en) * 2015-06-26 2016-12-29 Amazon Technologies, Inc. Relay architecture for transferring from redundant power sources
RU2612394C1 (ru) * 2015-11-25 2017-03-09 Федеральное государственное казенное военное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Военная академия Ракетных войск стратегического назначения имени Петра Великого" Министерства обороны Российской Федерации Устройство автоматического включения резервного источника
RU2692085C1 (ru) * 2018-05-08 2019-06-21 Федеральное государственное казенное военное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Военная академия Ракетных войск стратегического назначения имени Петра Великого" МО РФ Устройство автоматического включения резерва
US10466759B2 (en) * 2016-07-01 2019-11-05 Lg Electronics Inc. Method and apparatus for managing power supply of electronic device

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LU82801A1 (fr) * 1980-09-25 1982-05-10 Electr & Electron Const Procede de detection de perturbations d'une tension electrique alternative provoquant la commutation de l'utilisation vers une autre source de courant
FR2502859B1 (fr) * 1981-03-27 1985-11-22 Travaux Electr Ste Gle Procede et dispositif pour commander un contacteur statique ultra-rapide pour source alternative de secours
KR101590698B1 (ko) 2014-03-31 2016-02-01 엘지전자 주식회사 전원 판단 장치
DE102020216396B3 (de) * 2020-12-21 2022-05-12 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Schutzschaltgerät und Verfahren

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Cited By (36)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3761733A (en) * 1971-09-07 1973-09-25 Ericsson Telefon Ab L M Arrangement for uninterruptable power supply to a load from two or more a.c. power sources
US3808452A (en) * 1973-06-04 1974-04-30 Gte Automatic Electric Lab Inc Power supply system having redundant d. c. power supplies
US4096394A (en) * 1975-03-25 1978-06-20 A.G. fur industrielle Elektronic AGIE Apparatus for supplying electrical energy to a load
FR2353981A1 (fr) * 1976-06-02 1977-12-30 Honeywell Inc Batterie de secours pour une alimentation en courant continu alimentee par un courant alternatif
US4087697A (en) * 1976-10-01 1978-05-02 Esb Incorporated Rapid power transfer system
US4357545A (en) * 1979-10-26 1982-11-02 Compagnie Industrielle Des Telecommunications Cit-Alcatel Remote power supply system for equipment on a transmission line
EP0183108A1 (de) * 1984-11-23 1986-06-04 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Elektrische Kurzschluss-Überwachungsanordnung für drehzahlgeregelte Drehstrommotoren einschliesslich deren Zuleitungen
US4682263A (en) * 1984-11-23 1987-07-21 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Electrical short-cicruit monitoring arrangement for variable-speed, three-phase motors, including their feed lines
EP0309124A2 (de) * 1987-09-21 1989-03-29 AT&T Corp. Unterbrechungsfreie Stromversorgung
EP0309125A2 (de) * 1987-09-21 1989-03-29 AT&T Corp. Unterbrechungsfreie Stromversorgung
EP0309124A3 (en) * 1987-09-21 1990-02-28 American Telephone And Telegraph Company Uninterruptible power supply
EP0309125A3 (en) * 1987-09-21 1990-02-28 American Telephone And Telegraph Company Uninterruptible power supply
EP0416569A2 (de) * 1989-09-08 1991-03-13 Best Power Technology, Inc. Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Überwachen der Speisespannung für unterbrechungsfreie Stromversorgungen
EP0416569A3 (en) * 1989-09-08 1992-03-18 Best Power Technology, Inc. Method and apparatus for line power monitoring for uninterruptible power supplies
US5229651A (en) * 1989-09-08 1993-07-20 Best Power Technology, Inc. Method and apparatus for line power monitoring for uninterruptible power supplies
US5386147A (en) * 1991-04-01 1995-01-31 Leland Electrosystems Inc. Aerospace power control system for monitoring and reliably transferring power buses
US6051893A (en) * 1998-10-29 2000-04-18 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Electric power supply system for load
US6172432B1 (en) 1999-06-18 2001-01-09 Gen-Tran Corporation Automatic transfer switch
US6465911B1 (en) * 2000-01-07 2002-10-15 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Power supply system switching device and method of switching between power supply system
US6630753B2 (en) * 2001-10-29 2003-10-07 International Business Machines Corporation Low cost redundant AC to DC power supply
US20060226818A1 (en) * 2005-03-31 2006-10-12 Kammeter John B Volt-second synchronization for magnetic loads
US7368836B2 (en) 2005-03-31 2008-05-06 Power Distribution, Inc. Volt-second synchronization for magnetic loads
US20080185920A1 (en) * 2005-03-31 2008-08-07 Pdi, Inc. Volt-second synchronization for magnetic loads
US20080174181A1 (en) * 2007-01-22 2008-07-24 Hon Hai Precision Industry Co., Ltd. Dual power supply system
US7495356B2 (en) * 2007-01-22 2009-02-24 Hon Hai Precision Industry Co., Ltd. Dual power supply system
US8772969B2 (en) 2007-10-31 2014-07-08 Kt Corporation Static transfer switch device, power supply apparatus using the switch device and switching method thereof
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2025743C3 (de) 1974-01-03
DE2025743B2 (de) 1973-06-07
CH497805A (de) 1970-10-15
DE2025743A1 (de) 1971-04-22
ZA704367B (en) 1971-03-31

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