US3662169A - Apparatus for exposing a web material to a controllable spark discharge - Google Patents

Apparatus for exposing a web material to a controllable spark discharge Download PDF

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Publication number
US3662169A
US3662169A US27252A US3662169DA US3662169A US 3662169 A US3662169 A US 3662169A US 27252 A US27252 A US 27252A US 3662169D A US3662169D A US 3662169DA US 3662169 A US3662169 A US 3662169A
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United States
Prior art keywords
transformer
electrode
spark discharge
electrical
material web
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Expired - Lifetime
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US27252A
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English (en)
Inventor
Bent Sorensen
Frank Hogfeldt
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Softal Elektronik GmbH
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Softal Elektronik GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26F—PERFORATING; PUNCHING; CUTTING-OUT; STAMPING-OUT; SEVERING BY MEANS OTHER THAN CUTTING
    • B26F1/00—Perforating; Punching; Cutting-out; Stamping-out; Apparatus therefor
    • B26F1/26—Perforating by non-mechanical means, e.g. by fluid jet
    • B26F1/28—Perforating by non-mechanical means, e.g. by fluid jet by electrical discharges
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
    • B23H9/00—Machining specially adapted for treating particular metal objects or for obtaining special effects or results on metal objects
    • B23H9/008—Surface roughening or texturing

Definitions

  • the spark gap is con- [52] US. Cl ..250/49.5 TC, 317/262 R nected to the transformer secondary.
  • the inductance is [51] Int. Cl. H01j 37/00, G0ln 23/00 chosen so that, with the capacitance of the spark gap and of Field r ..204/312, 323; 250/495 GC, the material web, the circuit is resonant at the operating 250/495 TC; 317/262 R frequency.
  • the load on the oscillator is accordingly purely resistive.
  • the invention relates to a device for the treatment of surfaces, especially for cleaning and improving the wettability of parts or strips made of synthetic resin, metal, paper or textiles, by means of high-frequency discharge, using a high-frequency generator which, is connected over a high-frequency power transformer to the treatment part formed by the electrodes and the part of strip which is to be treated.
  • Devices of this general type operate by the surface of an object orof a strip of synthetic resin, metal, paper or a textile fabric being treated with a spark discharge.
  • Conventional devices often have the disadvantage that it is extremely difficult to obtain a constant discharge.
  • Conventional applicances use, e.g., an oscillator with a continuously adjustable frequency for control of the end power output in order to make possible correct adjustment of the device.
  • apparatuses which are operated by means of a spark generator.
  • Many known devices have, among other things, the disadvantage that, as'a result of the special design of the electrodes, only certain di-electrics can be used.
  • the highfrequency generator is an oscillator with a fixed frequency of not lower than 5 kHz and not higher than 70 kHz, while the inductances of the primary and secondary windings of the transformer form, together with the electrodes and counter electrodes, a resonant circuit to the energizing part consisting of the generator, the said inductances being adjustable.
  • the invention makes possible an adaption of the loading in that the inductances of the primary winding and secondary winding are mechanically and/or electrically variable.
  • the air gap of the transformer core is variable by mechanical means or by premagnetization using control means.
  • the device according to the invention is thus distinguished in that it does not utilize an open ferrite-core with matched secondary coils. As a result of using a closed ferrite core magnetic dispersion is lower completely prevented.
  • the self-induction of the coil has 'a variable value in the device according to the invention.
  • the possible adjustments are arranged in the device according to the invention in such a manner that the product of L and C in the resonant circuit has a constant value.
  • L is accordingly variable in the device of the invention, in order to keep the product of L and C constant.
  • the invention also proposes the provision of a compensating member for the adjustment of the capacitances in the electrode system.
  • Such a compensating member can consist of a coil situated on a ferrite-core, in which the magnitude of the inductance is adjustable mechanically or electrically.
  • the compensating member is positioned between the high-frequency power transformer and the electrode, wherethe sparking area for the surface treatment is formed.
  • the surface'treatment of synthetic resins, paper, metal or textile materials is carried out by means of a spark discharge, which occurs between an electrode and a counter electrode over one or two air gaps.
  • the device according to the invention can be equipped with various electrodes of conventional design.
  • one or both electrodes may be stationary, one or both electrodes rotating, and always at least one electrode is provided with a suitable di-electric, the choice of which, however, is notpredetermined by the device.
  • FIG. 1 a circuit diagram of a device according to the invention, illustrated in a simplified manner
  • FIG. 2 an equivalent-circuit diagram illustrated in a simplified manner
  • FIG. 3 an equivalent-circuit diagram of a loading related to a generator as used in the device according to the invention
  • FIG. 4 a simplified illustration of the treatment part
  • FIGS. 5, 6 and 7 modified designs of the treatment parts corresponding to the illustration of FIG. 4,
  • FIG. 8 a partial illustration to an enlarged scale of a device according to FIG. 4 and 7 respectively.
  • the device according to the invention substantially comprises three parts 10, 12 and 18.
  • Part 10 includes a high-frequency generator having a fixed operational frequency.
  • the operational frequency should not be lower than 5 kHz and not higher than kHz.
  • a highfrequency power transformer which consists of a primary coil 14 and a secondary coil 16.
  • a high-frequency power transformer which consists of a primary coil 14 and a secondary coil 16.
  • the primary and the secondary windings l4 and 16 respectively are closely linked and are arranged on a closed ferrite-core with low magnetic dispersion.
  • the ferrite-core is indicated by the dashed line 17 between parts 14 and 16.
  • the mutual inductance 15 is illustrated as an equivalent-circuit diagram of the high-frequency power transformer to the primary and secondary coil 14 or 16.
  • Lp- M total inductance
  • the Lp and Ls are variable.
  • the adjustment of the inductances of coils 14 and 16 is such that the inductances of both coils can be varied in a predetermined relationship.
  • the actual loading part 18 includes the ohmic resistance 20 of the sparking area, and also the capacitance 22 of the foil strip or web and the capacitance 24 of a roller coating.
  • Loading part l8,'see FIG. 4 has, e.g., a metal roller 30, which is provided with a roller coating 32 of a dielectricmaterial.
  • the roller 30 is earthed, see FIGS. 1 and 4. Over the roller 30 extends the foil or web strip F, which is subjected to the electrical sparking area emanating from the metal electrode 36.
  • FIG. 3 parts 12 and 18 of the device shown in FIG. 1 and 2 are combined into an equivalent-circuit diagram as the loading part of the high-frequency generator 11.
  • Said loading part includes the resistance 20 formed by the sparking resistance, and furthermore by the resulting total capacitance 26" and the resulting totalinductance 28".
  • provisions are made to ensure that the result is substantially a pure resistive loading for the high-frequency generator 11.
  • the product of inductance and capacitance should give a constant value. Since the capacitance is influenced by the treatment intensity and by other variables it is accordingly possible to maintain constant the product of LC by adjustment of the inductance of the high-frequency power transformer. Setting of the power transformer makes possible also the use of the device according to the invention with different electrode arrangements.
  • the foil or web strip F is situated between two electrode rollers 40, 42, the clearance of the rollers 40, 42 being such that an air gap with respect to the corresponding roller 40 is maintained on the upper side of the foil or web strip F as well as the clearance on the lower sides.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates an embodiment in which the foil or web strip F is situated below a roller electrode 50.
  • the foil or web strip F is drawn over a roller-shaped counterelectrode 52.
  • coil 54 is provided as a compensating member between the high-frequency power transformer and the electrode 50.
  • the adjustment coil 54 is provided with a ferrite-core.
  • the magnitude of the inductance of the adjustment coil 54 can be altered either machanically or electrically.
  • FIG. 7,- for a stationary electrode 60 and a roller-shaped counter electrode 62 the adaptation being improved by means of the compensating member which is designed as an adjustment coil 54.
  • the compensating member 54 as with parts 12 or 18 of the device according to the invention, as a closed unit which, if required, is connected to the remaining parts of the device.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates a section of FIG. 4 to an enlarged scale.
  • the reference numerals are the same as in FIG. 4 and have the same meaning.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates that the active capacitance of the treatment arrangement C is dependant on the treatment intensity.
  • the device according to the invention differs from conventional devices in that an even spark discharge from the electrodes is directed onto the material which is to be pre-treated.
  • the spark discharge is effected constantly without interruption between the separate high-frequency periods.
  • a large amount of ozone is liberated, which has proved advantageous for preparation for adhesion of e.g. color or adhesive.
  • Devices of the type as proposed by the invention can be used for very many purposes because it is possible to select the electrode which is most suitable for each particular type of treatment.
  • an apparatus for providing a controllable spark discharge to an electrode load in the treatment of a material web in which the characteristics of the electrical load circuit may vary with changes in the electrode arrangement and the physical characteristics of the material web, comprising:
  • a source of electrical power capable of supplying electrical energy at a single frequency
  • a transformer coupling said power source to the electrode load, said transformer having close coupled primary and secondary windings on a substantially closed ferrite-core;
  • a spark discharge load circuit comprising a first metal electrode connected to a first terminal of said coupling transformer secondary winding, a second metal electrode connected to a second terminal of said coupling transformer secondary winding, and means for supporting said material web between said first and second electrodes to permit the spark discharge current to flow from said first electrode through said material web to said second electrode, said spark dicharge load circuit having substantial capacity and resistance.
  • said means for varying the inductance of said transformer includes means for adjusting the air gap of the ferrite-core.
  • An electrical apparatus according to claim 1 wherein said means for varying the inductance of said transformer includes premagnetization of the ferrite-core.
  • an apparatus for providing a controllable spark discharge to an electrode load in the treatment of a material web in which the characteristics of the electrical load circuit may vary with changes in the electrode load arrangement and physical characteristics of the material web, comprising a source of electrical power capable of supplying electrical energy at a single frequency; e a trans ormer connected to said power source, said transformer having close coupled primary and secondary windings on a substantially closed ferrite-core;
  • a spark discharge load circuit comprising a first metal electrode connected to a first terminal of said coupling transformer secondary winding, a second metal electrode connected to a second terminal of said coupling transformer secondary winding and means for supporting said material web between said first and second electrodes to permit the spark discharge current to flow from said first electrode through said material web to said second electrode, said spark discharge load circuit having substantial capacity and resistance;
  • an adjustment coil connected in series with said transformer in said spark discharge load circuit, said adjustment coil having a ferrite-core with adjustable magnetic properties for varying the inductance.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Treatments Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
  • Cleaning And De-Greasing Of Metallic Materials By Chemical Methods (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
US27252A 1969-04-10 1970-04-10 Apparatus for exposing a web material to a controllable spark discharge Expired - Lifetime US3662169A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE1918145A DE1918145C3 (de) 1969-04-10 1969-04-10 Einrichtung zur Oberflächenbehandlung von Teilen oder Bahnen aus Kunststoff, Metall, Papier oder textlien Stoffen mittels Hochfrequenzentladung

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3662169A true US3662169A (en) 1972-05-09

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Family Applications (1)

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US27252A Expired - Lifetime US3662169A (en) 1969-04-10 1970-04-10 Apparatus for exposing a web material to a controllable spark discharge

Country Status (7)

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US (1) US3662169A (da)
CA (1) CA920642A (da)
CH (1) CH511534A (da)
DE (1) DE1918145C3 (da)
GB (1) GB1304762A (da)
NL (1) NL7004503A (da)
SE (1) SE367962B (da)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4036136A (en) * 1974-03-18 1977-07-19 Kansai Paint Co., Ltd. Corona producing a planographic printing sheet
US6007784A (en) * 1997-07-11 1999-12-28 3Dt, Inc. Electric discharge surface treating electrode and system
CN115862274A (zh) * 2023-03-03 2023-03-28 安标国家矿用产品安全标志中心有限公司 一种多频段射频电磁能防爆点火试验装置及方法

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4028551A (en) * 1975-10-17 1977-06-07 Champion International Corporation Apparatus and method for corona discharge priming a dielectric web

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3192385A (en) * 1961-04-25 1965-06-29 Du Pont Electrical discharge producing apparatus for treating plastic materials
US3514393A (en) * 1969-04-15 1970-05-26 Axel Verner Eisby Electrical apparatus for treating surfaces of work pieces to improve the adhesion of printing inks or adhesives thereto

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3192385A (en) * 1961-04-25 1965-06-29 Du Pont Electrical discharge producing apparatus for treating plastic materials
US3514393A (en) * 1969-04-15 1970-05-26 Axel Verner Eisby Electrical apparatus for treating surfaces of work pieces to improve the adhesion of printing inks or adhesives thereto

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4036136A (en) * 1974-03-18 1977-07-19 Kansai Paint Co., Ltd. Corona producing a planographic printing sheet
US6007784A (en) * 1997-07-11 1999-12-28 3Dt, Inc. Electric discharge surface treating electrode and system
CN115862274A (zh) * 2023-03-03 2023-03-28 安标国家矿用产品安全标志中心有限公司 一种多频段射频电磁能防爆点火试验装置及方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CH511534A (de) 1971-08-15
NL7004503A (da) 1970-10-13
DE1918145A1 (de) 1970-10-15
SE367962B (da) 1974-06-17
CA920642A (en) 1973-02-06
DE1918145C3 (de) 1978-10-26
GB1304762A (da) 1973-01-31
DE1918145B2 (de) 1978-03-09

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