US3660889A - Method of making a wear blade for an oil drilling tool - Google Patents

Method of making a wear blade for an oil drilling tool Download PDF

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US3660889A
US3660889A US873370A US3660889DA US3660889A US 3660889 A US3660889 A US 3660889A US 873370 A US873370 A US 873370A US 3660889D A US3660889D A US 3660889DA US 3660889 A US3660889 A US 3660889A
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Prior art keywords
blades
blade
oil drilling
former
wear
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US873370A
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William James Groom
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LION OIL TOOL HOLDINGS INTERNA
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LION OIL TOOL HOLDINGS INTERNA
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
    • E21B17/10—Wear protectors; Centralising devices, e.g. stabilisers
    • E21B17/1078—Stabilisers or centralisers for casing, tubing or drill pipes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K31/00—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups
    • B23K31/02—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups relating to soldering or welding
    • B23K31/025—Connecting cutting edges or the like to tools; Attaching reinforcements to workpieces, e.g. wear-resisting zones to tableware
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
    • E21B17/10—Wear protectors; Centralising devices, e.g. stabilisers
    • E21B17/12—Devices for placing or drawing out wear protectors

Definitions

  • the invention relates to oil drilling tools, namely to tools for use in drilling for oil or natural gas. Particular application for the invention is found in stabilizers, turbine drills and pipecutting tools.
  • Oil drilling tools are subject to severe wear and are generally provided with facings of hard, wear resistant metal applied to the steel body of the tool. Problems are presented by the initial application of such facings and more particularly by the replacement of worn facings. The present invention seeks to alleviate these problems.
  • a method of making a wear blade for an oil drilling tool consisting in forming on a cylindrical former a blade base which comprises a length of steel of substantially rectangular cross-section extending along the former and skewed around it in an anticlockwise direction substantially 90 or less; applying a dressing of hard wear material to the outer face of the base; and removing the completed blade from the former.
  • the hard wear material may comprise hard metal carbides bonded in a matrix of brass, the carbides representing preferably 60 to 90 percent or more of the total.
  • the invention includes within its scope a wear blade when made by the foregoing method and also a method of dressing an oil drilling tool with a plurality of such wear blades, which method consists in applying the blades to a cylindrical steel body part of the tool of the same dimensions as the former and electrically welding the blades to the body part with the use of a low heat input electrode, a welding technique being used which requires preheating to no more than about 300 C, the blades being evenly spaced apart and the number of blades being chosen in relation to their angle of skew so that the blades cover the complete circumference of the body part.
  • the electrode is a low heat input high elongation electrode of hydrogen-controlled austeno-ferritic structure.
  • the method may be used in the replacement of worn blades and as an important aspect of the invention it is proposed that in applying new facings to an oil drilling tool the worn facings are not removed but new blades in accordance with the invention are welded in place adjacent the old facings. Indeed, it may be expedient to increase theeffective gauge size of the tool by applying new, thicker blades in this way even if the old blades are not worn.
  • the total circumferential coverage of the blades is 360"; it may be rather more but shouldbe no less.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 are schematic diagrams illustrating respectively the manufacture of a wear blade and the application of the blade to a tool in accordance with the invention
  • FIG. 3 is a plan view of an oil drilling tool in accordance with the invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a plan view of a wear blade in accordance with the invention.
  • the wear blade is made by forming a mild-steel base 1 on a cylindrical former 2 and dressing one side of the base by brazing to it a facing 3 of hard wear material.
  • ION ALLOY overlay rods and IONUX flux are used to braze the facing 3 to the base 1.
  • the hard wear material may be that known as IONITE, which is comprised of fragments of sintered tungsten carbides with additives of titanium, tantalum and other hard metal carbides bonded with cobalt in a brass base, the proportions of carbides to base being in the range 60 to 90 percent or more of the whole. Subject to the maintenance of adequate stability, the higher the proportion Vickers diamond pyramid hardness.
  • the thickness of the facing 3 is about one-fourthinch.
  • the former 2 is the same size and shape as the tool to which the blade is to be applied. In this case the tool is a stabilizer. After forming, the blade is removed from the former.
  • FIG. 2 the blade of FIG. 1 is shown applied to the body 4 of the stabilizer.
  • the body is of EN 24T or EN 19T heat treated steel and the base I is welded thereto by means of a low temperature electric welding technique.
  • Electrodes of the kind known as IONECT special low heat, maximum elongation electrodes are used to weld the blade to the body 4, the weld metal being shown at 5 in FIG. 2.
  • the IONECT" electrode is of hydrogen controlled austeno-ferritic structure.
  • the welding process requires a pre-heating temperature of normally no more than 250 C and certainly no more than 300 C.
  • FIG. 3 shows a stabilizer fitted with the blades.
  • the tool has a fishing neck 6 some 28 inches long, an upset portion 7, 18 inches long and a nose 8, 20 inches long.
  • the cylindrical upset portion is provided with four blades 9, each extending from end to end of portion 7 and skewed around the upset portion through in an anti-clockwise sense. The four blades together thus extend around the whole circumference.
  • FIG. 4 shows the nature of a blade.
  • Each blade comprises a steel base 10 provided with a tungsten carbide facing 1 1. From the fishing" neck end the blade is of even thickness for the first 12 inches to 14 inches, whereafter it tapers downwardly in thickness to the nose end. The blades are welded to the upset portion 7 in the manner described with reference to FIG. 2.
  • the tools have a particularly long life.
  • the wear blades being capable of being welded to the drilling tools by low temperature techniques, offer the possibility of application to the tools on side at the drilling rig. This means that spares may be held more readily, freight costs are reduced and so is the out-of-service time for a particular tool. Also, spares with a range of inside and outside diameters may be kept to cover a range of possible applications.
  • the tool is not subjected to the high temperatures normally applied for welding, dressing or re-dressing the hard facing metal.
  • a method of making a wear blade for an oil drilling tool consisting in forming on a cylindrical former a blade base which comprises a length of steel of substantially rectangular cross-section extending along the former and skewed around it in an anti-clockwise direction at most substantially 90; applying a dressing of hard wear material to the outer face of the base; and removing the completed blade from the former.
  • the hard wear material is composed of hard metal carbides bonded in a matrix of brass, the carbides representing 60 to 90 percent or more of the total.
  • a method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the hardness of the hard wear material is between 950 and 1850 Vickers diamond pyramid'hardness.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Drilling Tools (AREA)

Abstract

A method of making oil drilling tools, particularly stabilizers, and wear blades therefor. The blades are made and dressed on a separate former to avoid pre-heating the tool body. They are then welded to the tool body by a low heat electric welding technique and are arranged around the body equally spaced and skewed in an anti-clockwise direction, the total circumferential coverage being complete. Typically there are four blades each skewed 90*.

Description

ilnited States Patent Groom [54] METHOD OF MAKING A WEAR BLADE FOR AN OIL DRILLING TOOL [72] Inventor: William James Groom, Belton, England [73] Assignee: Lion Oil Tool Holdings (International) Limited, Great Yarmouth, Norfolk, England [22] Filed: Nov. 3, 1969 21 Appl. No.: 873,370
2,964,420 12/1960 Poorman et a1 ..1 17/127 X 1 51 May 9,1972
3,505,101 '4/1970 Kofisky et a1. ..117/127 X 848,161 3/1907 Dierig ..29/484 X 2,515,191 7/1950 Carpenter et al..... ...29/471 1 3,248,788 5/1966 Goldstein et al.. ..29/493 3,258,955 7/1966 Lindsay 29/423 X 3,453,719 7/1969 Feinstra ..29/472 9 3,535,767 10/1970 Doherty, Jr. et al. ..29/497.5 X
Primary Examiner-John F. Campbell Assistant Examiner-Richard Bernard Lazarus Att0rney-Wenderoth, Lind & Ponack 57 ABSTRACT A method of making oil drilling tools, particularly stabilizers, and wear blades therefor. The blades are made and dressed on a separate former to avoid pre-heating the tool body. They are then welded to the tool body by a low heat electric welding technique and are arranged around the body equally spaced and skewed in an anti-clockwise direction, the total circumferentialcoverage being complete. Typically there are four blades each skewed 90.
4 Claims, 4'Drawing Figures P'ATENTEB M 9 I912 3, 660,889
FIG. 7.
y [IIIIIII WILLIAM JAMES GROOM, Inventor BY 'A/A/ZLM Z, M
Attorneys METHOD OF MAKING A WEAR BLADE FOR AN OIL DRILLING TOOL The invention relates to oil drilling tools, namely to tools for use in drilling for oil or natural gas. Particular application for the invention is found in stabilizers, turbine drills and pipecutting tools.
Oil drilling tools are subject to severe wear and are generally provided with facings of hard, wear resistant metal applied to the steel body of the tool. Problems are presented by the initial application of such facings and more particularly by the replacement of worn facings. The present invention seeks to alleviate these problems.
According to the invention there is provided a method of making a wear blade for an oil drilling tool consisting in forming on a cylindrical former a blade base which comprises a length of steel of substantially rectangular cross-section extending along the former and skewed around it in an anticlockwise direction substantially 90 or less; applying a dressing of hard wear material to the outer face of the base; and removing the completed blade from the former.
The hard wear material may comprise hard metal carbides bonded in a matrix of brass, the carbides representing preferably 60 to 90 percent or more of the total.
The invention includes within its scope a wear blade when made by the foregoing method and also a method of dressing an oil drilling tool with a plurality of such wear blades, which method consists in applying the blades to a cylindrical steel body part of the tool of the same dimensions as the former and electrically welding the blades to the body part with the use of a low heat input electrode, a welding technique being used which requires preheating to no more than about 300 C, the blades being evenly spaced apart and the number of blades being chosen in relation to their angle of skew so that the blades cover the complete circumference of the body part.
Preferably the electrode is a low heat input high elongation electrode of hydrogen-controlled austeno-ferritic structure.
The method may be used in the replacement of worn blades and as an important aspect of the invention it is proposed that in applying new facings to an oil drilling tool the worn facings are not removed but new blades in accordance with the invention are welded in place adjacent the old facings. Indeed, it may be expedient to increase theeffective gauge size of the tool by applying new, thicker blades in this way even if the old blades are not worn.
Preferably the total circumferential coverage of the blades is 360"; it may be rather more but shouldbe no less. In a preferred embodiment there are four blades each skewed 90. However, there may be more than four blades perhaps'as many as eight. Such blades would be correspondingly narrower and would be correspondingly skewed less. For example, in a six-bladed arrangement each blade would be skewed some 60.
The invention will further be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, of which:
FIGS. 1 and 2 are schematic diagrams illustrating respectively the manufacture of a wear blade and the application of the blade to a tool in accordance with the invention;
FIG. 3 is a plan view of an oil drilling tool in accordance with the invention; and
FIG. 4 is a plan view of a wear blade in accordance with the invention.
Referring to FIG. 1 the wear blade is made by forming a mild-steel base 1 on a cylindrical former 2 and dressing one side of the base by brazing to it a facing 3 of hard wear material. ION ALLOY overlay rods and IONUX flux are used to braze the facing 3 to the base 1. The hard wear material may be that known as IONITE, which is comprised of fragments of sintered tungsten carbides with additives of titanium, tantalum and other hard metal carbides bonded with cobalt in a brass base, the proportions of carbides to base being in the range 60 to 90 percent or more of the whole. Subject to the maintenance of adequate stability, the higher the proportion Vickers diamond pyramid hardness. The thickness of the facing 3 is about one-fourthinch. The former 2 is the same size and shape as the tool to which the blade is to be applied. In this case the tool is a stabilizer. After forming, the blade is removed from the former.
Referring now to FIG. 2 the blade of FIG. 1 is shown applied to the body 4 of the stabilizer. The body is of EN 24T or EN 19T heat treated steel and the base I is welded thereto by means of a low temperature electric welding technique. Electrodes of the kind known as IONECT special low heat, maximum elongation electrodes are used to weld the blade to the body 4, the weld metal being shown at 5 in FIG. 2. The IONECT" electrode is of hydrogen controlled austeno-ferritic structure. The welding process requires a pre-heating temperature of normally no more than 250 C and certainly no more than 300 C.
FIG. 3 shows a stabilizer fitted with the blades. The tool has a fishing neck 6 some 28 inches long, an upset portion 7, 18 inches long and a nose 8, 20 inches long. The cylindrical upset portion is provided with four blades 9, each extending from end to end of portion 7 and skewed around the upset portion through in an anti-clockwise sense. The four blades together thus extend around the whole circumference.
FIG. 4 shows the nature of a blade. Each blade comprises a steel base 10 provided with a tungsten carbide facing 1 1. From the fishing" neck end the blade is of even thickness for the first 12 inches to 14 inches, whereafter it tapers downwardly in thickness to the nose end. The blades are welded to the upset portion 7 in the manner described with reference to FIG. 2.
It will be seen that when the blades wear down, or if perhaps the effective outside diameter of the tool is to be increased, new or thicker blades may be welded into position adjacent and between the old blades.
Use of the invention as exemplified in the foregoing description made with reference to the accompanying drawings has many advantages. Firstly, it is found that the tools have a particularly long life. Secondly, the wear blades, being capable of being welded to the drilling tools by low temperature techniques, offer the possibility of application to the tools on side at the drilling rig. This means that spares may be held more readily, freight costs are reduced and so is the out-of-service time for a particular tool. Also, spares with a range of inside and outside diameters may be kept to cover a range of possible applications. Furthermore, the tool is not subjected to the high temperatures normally applied for welding, dressing or re-dressing the hard facing metal. This often requires high temperature pre-heating and post-heating to stressrelieve the welds, resulting in deterioration of the blade and tool body by undesired heat treatment. The lower welding temperatures used in the preferred method above described do not appreciably affect the hardness of the tool body.
I claim:
l. A method of making a wear blade for an oil drilling tool consisting in forming on a cylindrical former a blade base which comprises a length of steel of substantially rectangular cross-section extending along the former and skewed around it in an anti-clockwise direction at most substantially 90; applying a dressing of hard wear material to the outer face of the base; and removing the completed blade from the former.
2. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the hard wear material is composed of hard metal carbides bonded in a matrix of brass, the carbides representing 60 to 90 percent or more of the total.
3. A method as claimed in claim 2 wherein the hard wear material is brazed to the base.
4. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the hardness of the hard wear material is between 950 and 1850 Vickers diamond pyramid'hardness.

Claims (4)

1. A method of making a wear blade for an oil drilling tool consisting in forming on a cylindrical former a blade base which comprises a length of steel of substantially rectangular crosssection extending along the former and skewed around it in an anti-clockwise direction at most substantially 90*; applying a dressing of hard wear material to the outer face of the base; and removing the completed blade from the former.
2. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the hard wear material is composed of hard metal carbides bonded in a matrix of brass, the carbides representing 60 to 90 percent or more of the total.
3. A method as claimed in claim 2 wherein the hard wear material is brazed to the base.
4. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the hardness of the hard wear material is between 950 and 1850 Vickers diamond pyramid hardness.
US873370A 1968-11-06 1969-11-03 Method of making a wear blade for an oil drilling tool Expired - Lifetime US3660889A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2016007773A1 (en) * 2014-07-10 2016-01-14 Megastir Technologies Llc Friction stir extrusion of nonweldable materials for downhole tools
US10695861B2 (en) 2014-07-10 2020-06-30 Mazak Corporation Friction stir extrusion of nonweldable materials for downhole tools

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1372181A (en) * 1970-07-10 1974-10-30 Groom W J Oil drilling tools
US4156374A (en) * 1978-03-20 1979-05-29 Shwayder Warren M Pre-formed wear pads for drill stabilizers
JPS58169492A (en) * 1982-03-29 1983-10-05 株式会社廣瀬製作所 Production of outer hook of sewing machine
GB9611016D0 (en) * 1996-05-25 1996-07-31 Cutting & Wear Resistant Dev Improvements in or relating to stabilisers for borehole drilling apparatus

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US848161A (en) * 1904-06-22 1907-03-26 John g matthews Process of manufacturing metal-working tools.
US2515191A (en) * 1946-08-29 1950-07-18 Babcock & Wilcox Co Method of joining metals
US2964420A (en) * 1955-06-14 1960-12-13 Union Carbide Corp Refractory coated body
US3248788A (en) * 1962-11-21 1966-05-03 Martin Marietta Corp Application of flame-sprayed linings on the inside diameter of tubes
US3258955A (en) * 1962-01-22 1966-07-05 American Standard Controls Div Method of manufacturing a pressure sensing element
US3453719A (en) * 1967-03-06 1969-07-08 Shell Oil Co Manufacturing diamond bits
US3505101A (en) * 1964-10-27 1970-04-07 Union Carbide Corp High temperature wear resistant coating and article having such coating
US3535767A (en) * 1965-08-19 1970-10-27 Aerojet General Co Method for joining metallic tubes by explosive bonding

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US848161A (en) * 1904-06-22 1907-03-26 John g matthews Process of manufacturing metal-working tools.
US2515191A (en) * 1946-08-29 1950-07-18 Babcock & Wilcox Co Method of joining metals
US2964420A (en) * 1955-06-14 1960-12-13 Union Carbide Corp Refractory coated body
US3258955A (en) * 1962-01-22 1966-07-05 American Standard Controls Div Method of manufacturing a pressure sensing element
US3248788A (en) * 1962-11-21 1966-05-03 Martin Marietta Corp Application of flame-sprayed linings on the inside diameter of tubes
US3505101A (en) * 1964-10-27 1970-04-07 Union Carbide Corp High temperature wear resistant coating and article having such coating
US3535767A (en) * 1965-08-19 1970-10-27 Aerojet General Co Method for joining metallic tubes by explosive bonding
US3453719A (en) * 1967-03-06 1969-07-08 Shell Oil Co Manufacturing diamond bits

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2016007773A1 (en) * 2014-07-10 2016-01-14 Megastir Technologies Llc Friction stir extrusion of nonweldable materials for downhole tools
US10695861B2 (en) 2014-07-10 2020-06-30 Mazak Corporation Friction stir extrusion of nonweldable materials for downhole tools

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FR2022711A1 (en) 1970-08-07
GB1293905A (en) 1972-10-25
NL6916762A (en) 1970-05-11

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