Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D13/00—Making of soap or soap solutions in general; Apparatus therefor
  • C11D13/02—Boiling soap; Refining

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a process for preparing a soap of Water content not in excess of about 25% from fatty acids of natural or synthetic origin. It relates especially to soaps for toilet and household uses which desirably have respective water contents of about 15% and 22%.
• the present invention concerns a process for the direct production of a soap including toilet soap and household soap having not more than water content, i.e. without a phase separation and without a subsequent drying step.
• the present invention provides a process for the preparation of a soap by reaction of fatty acid with aqueous alkali solution at 120l80 C. and 2-10 atm. pressure and wherein the water content of the reactants is controlled to achieve the desired water content in the soap.
• a temperature of less than 160 C. is preferred as is a pressure of under 6 atm. Reaction is effected in a pressure vessel or autoclave, with intensive stirring.
• the preferred very intensive mixing achieves the almost immediate formation of soap which can be removed at once from the reaction space.
• concentration of the alkali solution used according to the process of the invention varies between about 30 and 50%, dependent on the kind of soap to be prepared and the appertaining Water content. For soap with about 15% of water an alkali solution of about 50% is used, whereas for soap with about 20% of water an alkali solution with a concentration of about is used.
• soaps with the desired water content may be obtained in a direct way without applying any drying process, which soaps therefore are immediately suited to be e.g. milled and shaped into bars.
• Addition of a small amount of sodium chloride solution may be advantageous for the consistency of the neat soap and for the characteristics of the final soap bar or the final soap tablet.
• the amount of NaCl required lies in most cases between 0.3 and 0.6%, calculated on the total weight of the final soap product. Consideration must be given to the quantity of water added to the reactants by way of solutions of additives e.g. NaCl.
• the surprising aspect of the present invention is that at relatively low temperatures and at relatively low pressures soap can be obtained which is directly suited to be milled and shaped into bars.
• the process according to the invention is suitable for the preparation of Na, K-, NH., and other metal soaps of fatty acids of varying compositions.
• the process is particularly applicable to the processing of synthetic fatty acids into soap, which according to the normal boiling processes is often technically and/or economically impracticable.
• Using the normal boiling processes some blends of synthetic fatty acids tend to give soaps which separate to give lye and soap, or nigre and soap, which layers are of quite different compositions.
• Very often indeed losses of 20-25% of the fatty acid charge are observed in the saponification of synthetic fatty acids, due to the inevitable leaking of the more soluble synthetic fatty acid components, particularly the branched chain fatty acids, into the lye.
• the present process does not have such solubility/leaking problems.
• the process according to the invention can be operated in a compact apparatus preferably a pressure vessel of not too large dimensions, e.g. of 60 litres content or smaller.
• an apparatus consisting of a pressure vessel with heating device, provided with an intensively working stirring device, a number of dosing devices for alkali, fatty acid and if desired sodium chloride solution, and an outlet for the liquid neat soap to the cooling drums.
• a stirring device suitable for this purpose is eg. a disc rotor pump.
• the advantage of the apparatus of the invention is also that it can be coupled without difficulty to a fatty acid distillation unit on the one side and to a continuous soap tableting line on the other side.
• EXAMPLE 1 A 60 litre pressure vessel is provided with a Landustrie disc rotor immersion pump rotating at 3000 r.p.m. Via dosing devices stoichiometric amounts of 50% NaOH and a mixture of of tallow and 20% of coconut fatty acids, as well as a 23% sodium chloride solution in amount sufiicient to yield a soap having 03-06% NaCl content were pumped into this vessel, in which the temperature was kept at about 140 C. The pressure in the vessel was 4 atm. By the very intensive mixing. soap was formed at once, which through a Viking gear pump was pumped continuously to a cooling mill and formed into chips. The soap obtained had a water content of 15%.
• the following saponification process was carried out at 90 C. and at atmospheric pressure. 29 kg./h. fatty acid mixture consisting of 75% tallow and 25% coconut fatty acids, and 13.5 kg./h. 33% NaOH solution were pumped into a 60 litre pressure vessel provided with a Landustrie disc rotor immersion pump rotating at 3000 r.p.m. Through a separate dosing pump 1 k'g./h. 23% NaCl solution was added. The soap immediately obtained from the reaction vessel had a water content of approximately 30% and was of reasonable viscosity.
• EXAMPLE 2 In the same pressure vessel as that of Example 1 were pumped with intensive stirring at 15.6 kg./h. of fatty acid mixture, consisting of 51.5% of tallow and 48.5% of coconut fatty acids, 4.58 kg./h. of a 50% N aOH solution and 0.44 kg./h. of a 23% NaCl solution. The pressure in the vessel was kept at 4 atm., and the internal temperature was about 140 C. Superfatted toilet soap was formed and pumped continuously through a gear pump to a cooling mill and formed into chips. The soap thus obtained contains 9% of free fatty acids as superfatting agent and 15% of water.
• EXAMPLE 3 In the same pressure vessel as that of Example 1 were dosed at the prevailing temperature of 140 C. and a pressure of 4 atm. stoichiometrical amounts of synthetic fatty acid mixture of Q fatty acids, particularly C -C fatty acids, of which about 30% are branched. The acid number was 234-237. (18.9 kg./h.) and 50% NaOH solution (6.36 kg./h.) and 23% NaCl solution (0.65 kg./h.) was readily pumped continuously through a gear pump to a cooling mill and formed into chips. The water content of the soap was 12%.
• EXAMPLE 4 1n the same pressure vessel as used in Example 1 were pumped with intensive stirring stoichiometric amounts of 50% NaOH and a mixture of 80% tallow and 20% coconut fatty acids. The temperature in the vessel was kept at 130 C. and the pressure was maintained at 4 atm. The process ran smoothly w-ithout difiiculty in mixing and pumping, giving soap with a water content of approximately 15 The process remained smooth on increasing the process conditions to 150 C. and 5.5 atm., and the water 4 content of the soap from the mill was approximately 15%.
• said strea-ms of fatty acids are selected from the group consisting of tallow and coconut oil fatty acids and mixtures thereof.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Detergent Compositions (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=19801628

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (8)

Cited By (11)

Families Citing this family (2)

• 1967
  • 1967-11-03 NL NL6714945A patent/NL6714945A/xx unknown
• 1968
  • 1968-10-31 BR BR203637/68A patent/BR6803637D0/pt unknown
  • 1968-10-31 LU LU57228D patent/LU57228A1/xx unknown
  • 1968-10-31 FR FR1590456D patent/FR1590456A/fr not_active Expired
  • 1968-10-31 BE BE723292D patent/BE723292A/xx unknown
  • 1968-11-01 CH CH1632468A patent/CH505199A/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1968-11-01 US US772803A patent/US3657146A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1968-11-02 DE DE19681806760 patent/DE1806760A1/de active Pending

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