US3657128A - Synergistic functional fluid compositions - Google Patents

Synergistic functional fluid compositions Download PDF

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US3657128A
US3657128A US850689A US3657128DA US3657128A US 3657128 A US3657128 A US 3657128A US 850689 A US850689 A US 850689A US 3657128D A US3657128D A US 3657128DA US 3657128 A US3657128 A US 3657128A
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phosphate
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Robert W Street
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Monsanto Co
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M1/00—Liquid compositions essentially based on mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils; Their use as lubricants
    • C10M1/08—Liquid compositions essentially based on mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils; Their use as lubricants with additives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
    • C10M2203/108—Residual fractions, e.g. bright stocks
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/08—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type
    • C10M2209/084—Acrylate; Methacrylate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2211/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2211/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing carbon, hydrogen and halogen only
    • C10M2211/024—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing carbon, hydrogen and halogen only aromatic
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2211/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2211/06—Perfluorinated compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
    • C10M2223/041—Triaryl phosphates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
    • C10M2223/042—Metal salts thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/08—Hydraulic fluids, e.g. brake-fluids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/30—Refrigerators lubricants or compressors lubricants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/32—Wires, ropes or cables lubricants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/34—Lubricating-sealants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/36—Release agents or mold release agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/38—Conveyors or chain belts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/40—Generators or electric motors in oil or gas winning field
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/42—Flashing oils or marking oils
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/44—Super vacuum or supercritical use
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/50—Medical uses

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT Functional fluid compositions comprising at least one halogenated compound, certain phosphate esters and certain bright stock petroleum fractions which have excellent lubricity, fire-resistance, and homogeneity and are particularly usefit] as lubricants and hydraulic fluids.
  • fire-resistant fluid means a fluid of such chemical composition and physical characteristics that it will resist the propagation of flame under certain conditions hereinafter defined.
  • hydraulic fluids used in industrial hydraulic systems which are petroleum oils, water/glycol solutions, water-in-oil emulsions and completely synthetic types.
  • Fluids of the four types mentioned have varying degrees of fire-resistance and are" used in applications according to the severity of the conditions, taking into account such factors as degree of danger from fire, operating temperature, being loads and cost.
  • Many synthetic fluids such as the aryl phosphate esters offer a high degree of fire resistance and are usually employed when the danger from fire is great.
  • the cost of synthetic fluids has restricted their use to the most severe conditions.
  • the water containing fluids, while offering an acceptable degree of fire resistance at low cost, are not desirable in systems operating at high temperatures or where good lubricity of the fluid is required or where danger from fire is great.
  • Petroleum oils while offering good lubricity, are the least fire resistant but are used in many applications having a marginal fire hazard due to their low cost and general availability.
  • Previous attempts to render petroleum oil more fire resistant by incorporating therein known fire-resistant compounds such as phosphate esters have not produced fluids having a generally acceptable combination of lubricity, fire resistance and homogeneity. Numerous proposals have been made for correcting one or another of these properties, but correction of one property is usually effected at the expense of another property. For example, the incorporation of alkyl phosphate esters in petroleum to improve fire resistance results in fluids of marginal hydrolytic stability.
  • the aryl phosphate esters while providing superior fire resistance and hydrolytic stability, can only be added in small amounts due to the limited miscibility of the esters in petroleum oils and such amounts are ineffective in producing any significant increase in fire resistance.
  • aliphatic and olefinic chlorinated hydrocarbons have been combined with mineral oil to improve fire resistance; however, they have required either the use of only minor amounts of mineral oil thus not achieving economical fire-resistant compositions or the use of significant amounts of corrosion inhibitor because such chlorinated hydrocarbons tend to be corrosive to metals.
  • the combination of approximately equal amounts of aryl phosphate esters and chlorinated hydrocarbons yields a fluid with good flame resistance and fair lubricity, but requires the addition of VI improvers to obtain a satisfactory viscosity index.
  • compositions useful as functional fluids which are comprised of (1) a petroleum bright stock oil having a viscosity range of from about 150 to about 250 SSU at 210 F., (2) a phosphate ester selected from the group consisting of an ester represented by the formula where R, R and R are each selected from the group consisting of phenyl radicals, substituted phenyl radicals and alkyl C radicals provided that not more than one of R, R and R is an alkyl radical, and mixtures thereof, and (3) halogenated compounds selected from the group consisting of halogenated benzenes, naphthalenes, biphenyls, terphenyls, perhalodienes
  • the bright stocks useful in the compositions of this invention are those known in the art as conventionally refined of solvent extracted.
  • the crude oils are subjected to a first distillation under ordinary pressures to remove the low boilers, and a second steam distillation to remove heavy oil and waxy fractions.
  • the residue from the steam distillation is known as steam refined stock" or cylinder oil.
  • This material is subsequently deasphalted and dewaxed and treated with solvents and clays to produce the product known as bright stock.
  • the bright stocks are most generally used as heavy gear lubricants, and for blending with neutral oils for automatic engine lubricants. While the bright stocks can have a viscosity in the range of from about 50 to about 300 SSU at 210 F., those which are useful in the compositions of the present invention have viscosities in the range of about 150 to 250 SSU at 210 F and preferably in the range of 200 to 220 SSU at 210 F.
  • the bright stocks are not to be confused with the lower viscosity mineral oils, which generally have viscosities in the range of 45 to SSU at 210 F., as shown below.
  • Phosphate esters useful in compositions of this invention are the alkyl diaryl and the tri-aryl phosphate esters which may contain substituted and unsubstituted phenyl radicals.
  • substituents can be alkyl C radicals, chlorine, bromine or fluorine and haloalkyl C radicals.
  • alkyl or haloalkyl substituted phenyl radicals up to three positions on the ring can be occupied whereas as many as four positions can be substituted by chlorine, bromine or fluorine.
  • alkyl diary] phosphate esters useful in compositions of this invention are ethyl diphenyl phosphate, propyl diphenyl phosphate, butyl diphenyl phosphate, pentyl diphenyl phosphate, hexyl diphenyl phosphate, octyl diphenyl phosphate, nonyl diphenyl phosphate, tridecyl diphenyl phosphate, dodecyl diphenyl phosphate, octadecyl diphenyl phosphate, pentadecyl diphenyl phosphate, preferably osooctyl diphenyl phosphate and 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate.
  • tn'aryl phosphate esters include triphenyl phosphate tris-m-difluorophenyl phosphate, cresyl diphenyl phosphate, tricresyl phosphate, m-chlorophenyl dicresyl phosphate, m-chlorophcnyl diphenyl phosphate, xenyl diphenyl phosphate, trixenyl phosphate, m-chlorophenyl diphenyl phosphate, perfluoromethylphenyl diphenyl phosphate, e, m-fluorophenyl diphenyl phosphate, tris-m-butylphenyl phosphate and bromophenyl diphenyl phosphate.
  • the phosphate ester components of compositions of this invention can also be a mixture of esters comprising at least one ester represented by Formula 1 above and at least one other phosphate ester which can be either trialkyl or dialkyl aryl provided the resulting mixture contains an alkyl ester group to aryl ester group ratio which does not exceed 1.5 to 1 respectively.
  • a composition of this invention can be prepared wherein the phosphate ester component is a mixture of tris-n-butyl phosphate and isooctyl diphenyl phosphate in a weight ratio of l to 2 respectively.
  • Such a mixture of phosphate esters provides an alkyl group to aryl group ratio of slightly less than 1.5 to 1 respectively.
  • These same exemplary esters when employed in a weight ratio of l to 4 respectively, would provide an alkyl group to aryl group ratio of slightly less than 1 to l with the aryl groups slightly in excess.
  • Typical dialkyl aryl esters which can be used in admixture with the above-described esters are dipropyl phenyl phosphate, di-n-butyl phenyl phosphate, di-tert.-butyl cresyl phosphate, di-n-butyl chlorophenyl phosphate, dipentyl phenyl phosphate, diethyl bromophenyl phosphate, dioctyl phenyl phosphate, dioctyl cresyl phosphate, didecyl phenyl phosphate and dioctadecyl phenyl phosphate.
  • the aryl group of the dialkyl aryl phosphates may contain one or two substituent groups on the aryl nucleus selected from methyl and halide radicals.
  • Typical alkyl phosphates which can be used are tri-n-propyl phosphate, tri-tert.-butyl phosphate tri-isobutyl phosphate, tri-2-ethylhexyl phosphate, tricapryl phosphate, tridecyl phosphate, tris-tridecyl phosphate and trioctadecyl phosphate, tris (m-tert-butyl phenyl) phosphate, 2,3,5- triethylphenyl dixenyl phosphate.
  • Halogenated Compounds the halobenzenes useful in compositions of this invention are those represented by the formula where D is selected from the group consisting of chlorine, bromine and fluorine, andfis an integer from 2 to 4.
  • mixtures in all proportions of halobenzenes containing the same or different halogens are also useful.
  • a mixture of m-dibromobenzene and 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene can be used as the halogenated hydrocarbon in the compositions of this invention.
  • mixtures of chlorobenzenes are particularly useful in compositions of this invention.
  • Such mixtures can contain by weight from about 40 percent to about percent tetrachlorobenzene and from about 20 percent to about 80 percent trichlorobenzene.
  • Such mixtures can also contain pentachlorobenzene in small amounts ranging up to about 20 percent by weight.
  • Exemplary mixtures of triand tetrachlorobenzenes are as follows:
  • Component Weight 70 A l,2,3,4-tetraehlorobenzene 40-50 l,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene 4-10 l,2,4-trichlorobenzene 25-35 l,2,3-trichlorcbenzene 0-3 pentachlorobenzene 10-20 B l,2,3,4-tetrachlorobcnzene 26-29 l ,2,4.5-tetrachlorobenzene 3 trichlorobenzene 58.5
  • perhalodienes and perhalocyclodienes useful in this invention are those compounds having at least four and not more than eight carbon atoms in the molecule.
  • Typical perhalodienes are perchlorobutadiene, perbromobutadiene, perfluorobutadiene, perchloropentadiene, perfluoropentadiene, perbromopentadiene, perchlorohexadiene, perbromohexadiene, perchloroheptadiene, perchlorooctadiene, perbromooctadiene and perfluorooctadiene.
  • Perchlorobutadiene is preferred.
  • Typical perhalocyclodienes are perchlorocyclobutadiene, perfluorocyclobutadiene, perchlorocyclopentadiene, perbromocyclopentadiene, perfluorocyclopentadiene, percl'tlorocyclohexadiene, perbromocyclohexadiene, perchlorocycloheptadiene, perchlorocyclooctadiene and perfluorocyclooctadiene.
  • halogenated naphthalenes useful in compositions of this invention are those represented by the formula uunan tachloronaphthalene, l-bromonaphthalene, 1,3- imum concentrations of typical phosphate esters having less dibromonaphthalene, l,5-dibromonaphthalene, 1,3,5- than 10 alkyl carbon atoms and providing compositions tribromonaphthalene, hexabrornonaphthalene, ochomogeneous at 70 F.
  • FIG. I isoctyl tabromonaphthalene, l-fluoronaphthalene, 1,4- diphenyl phosphate, II, tricresyl phosphate, III, cresyl diphenyl difluoronaphthalene, 1,3,5-trifluoronaphthalene and oc- 5 phosphate, in FIG. I, which lines are 70 F. isotherms indicattafluoronaphthalene. ing maximum weight percent amounts of such esters.
  • compositions of this invention which are homogenous at naphthalenes containing more than one specie of halogen in 70 a hi h nta isooctyl p y p p a the same m l le a d mixtures f one or more f tricresyl phosphate and cresyl diphenyl phosphate are defined halogenated naphthalenes wherein the combined halogen 10 by the F Withlh the curves AFF'Ci AEE'C and content represents a degree of substitution of from one to respeehvetyi h h l atoms It has also been discovered that the components (l), (2),
  • the halogenated biphenyl and terphenyl compounds useful and f h comhlhed Pe P P in compositions of this invention can contain chlorine fluorine Produce fuhetloihat thhds havlhg surpl'lslhgty Smelt rates of or bromine or combinations thereof in amounts corresponding e e of vlseoelty t ehehge of temperature, f' P p to mono-, in the case of bromine only, di-, tri-, tetra-, pentaty h qeslfabte flhds e h as lubhcahts h as and hexahalobiphenyl Typical f such bipheny] compounds hydraulic fluids This property is highly unexpectedrn view of are the chlorinated biphenyls commercially available as the relahvely rates 9 hh of whh tempera products containing 32 percent, 42 percent, 48 percent, 45 fo
  • the expresmdlcated h f h h are those cohtahhhg (la) bnght sion halogenated biphenyl or terphenyl containing a stated stocks havlhg a 'h of at least about
  • percentage of combined halogen is used herein as including about 95 and a i the range of from about 9 to the directly halogenated products, halogenated products conh 250 S at 210 phosphate esters as descnhed mining more than on: Specie of halogen in the Same molecule hereinabove in Formula I with the exception that the alkyl and and blends of one or more of such halogenated products haloalkylsubsmuems oh the arylmdtcals can cohtam no more whereby the halogen content is broadly within the range of 22: 3 sg s g g f g gggg i i i about percent to 60 percent, preferably within the range
  • Halogenated this g fr e 5 o quaterphenyl may also be present in small amounts up to mvhmlon contain oma percent ma out about 5 percent by weight Such minor amounts of cent bright stocks, from about 5 percent to about 44 percent halogenated quaterphenyl do not significantly alter the phosghate esterdand from Z 'g 25 zp jp characteristics of the compositions of this invention.
  • compositions of this invention in general terms contain, by FIG H which :Eg weight yercem of oneems 32; weight, from about 12 percent to about 65 percent bright and re uired to p referred ositions i z a i g to tg i i g i this invention.
  • Tli us preferred comgositions of invention es er an rom a ou percen o a ou percen halogenated compound with each component present within 40 ffg f g fiiggz ggg gf ggg s j gg f their respective ranges so that the total of the three comobtained (ml when such com ems are resent in certain ponents is 100 percent.
  • the compositions of this invention can c riti 6 a1 amogms which are gg b g area within the be more readily determined by reference to FIG.
  • cothbthahoh of at least about 90 from about 10 percent to about 15 percent homogeneity, fire resistance and synergistic lubricity characof an alkyl cmrdiaryl phosphate and from about 40 percent teristic of such compositions is only obtained when such comto about 60 percent ofa chlorinated biphenyl containing from ponents are present in certain amounts which are defined by about 30 percent to about 54 percent, by weight combined the area within the curve ABC of FIG. I.
  • compositions having weight percent proportions of (1a), (2a), in any amount included in the area defined by the curve ABC 55 and (3a) within the are of the curve AFG'G of FIG H have a in FIG. 1, functional fluids are desirably homogeneous at room viscosity index rating f at least about +2 and when alkyl temperature, n about when Ph p esters aryl phosphate esters are employed viscosity index ratings of havlhg less than about 10 alkyl carbon atoms In the e h i at least about +35 are obtained.
  • Viscosity measurements of ile the amounts of Such esters must be further hmlted lustrative preferred compositions of this invention were made with n the area defined by the curve ABC of FIG. I in order to according to ASTM M h d 13.445-54'1" using a C Provlde compositions Whleh are homogeneous at room Fenske modified Ostwald viscometer and are set forth in perature- More Specifically, m Such Phosphate esters the alkyl Table 1 below in centistoke units.
  • the viscosity indices appeareal'bohs can be located in a Single ester group, distributed ing in Table l were determined according to ASTM Method among y ester groups as substituents on the y nucleus or D567-53. The amounts of each component listed in Table I divided between aryl substituents and alkyl ester groups. Maxare i i h percent f h fi l composition TnBLE I Viscosity, cs. V t Component F. 210 F. ih iieii (a) Bright stock oil 200 SSU at 210 s4 42. 0 +94 (b) Chlorinated biphenyl, 42 percent Cl. 17.0 2.
  • the shear stability of one preferred composition of the present invention was determined by means of a Raytheon sonic oscillator, Model DF-lOl, wherein the composition was maintained at about 100 F. for a period of 2 hours under irradiation while samples were taken at intervals over a 2hour period.
  • the test was repeated with a hydraulic fluid of the prior art which contained a Vi improver.
  • the fluid compositions, and the results of the test were as follows:
  • Composition of the present invention 3am Bright stock, 200 ssu at 2t2 F.
  • compositions of this invention Another of the unique features of the compositions of this invention is that while each of the components of such compositions has fairly good lubricating ability, the compositions defined by the area within the curve ABD of FIG. I possess greater lubricating ability than any of such components.
  • the surprising synergistic lubricating properties found in the compositions of this invention are demonstrated by the data contained in Tables ll and ill below. These data were obtained using a "Timken Extreme Pressure Lubricant Testing Machine, which is a machine designed to determine the ability of a lubricant to prevent a test block from being seized or abraded by a rotating, tapered roller bearing (test cup) under a known load.
  • test block and test cup are in lubricated contact with each other during a test period of ten minutes during which time the bearing is rotated at 810 R.P.M. under a known load. After the test period the machine is stopped and the test block inspected. A new test block and test cup is installed and if no evidence of seizure or abrasion is found on the previously used test block, the test is repeated with a 5- pound increase in load. The procedure is repeated until damage to the test block is observed. If seizure or abrasion is observed on the first run, the test is repeated with five pound incremental decreases in the load until no damage to the test block is observed. The highest load run without observing damage to the test block is reported as the maximum load, in pounds.
  • Table II contains the data thus obtained when individual components of the compositions of this invention were employed as the lubricant.
  • Table III data are presented from test runs employing typical examples of compositions of this invention. In each instance except Test Composition No. 4, a Mid-Continent bright stock oil having a viscosity of 200 SSU at 210 F. was used. in Test Composition No. 4 a Mid-Continent bright stock oil having a viscosity of 220 SSU at 210 F. was employed.
  • Samples l-l 3 three component compositions included within the scope of this invention,
  • Samples 22,23 three component compositions not included within the scope of the present invention.
  • the fluid under evaluation is dropped from a medicine dropper or poured from a calibrated test tube onto the surface of molten aluminum alloy which has been heated to about l,250 F. Ifspontaneous ignition does not occur, a spark is placed in the vapors to determine if they can be ignited.
  • Wnter/glyrol solution Does not llnsh up to 6 it. (1) iinrns' to completion without spark 4 Water 40 300 60 14 from oriliee. At 6 it. from after water holls oil. (2) Burns to Glycol. 60 orifice flames carry 4 to 6 completion with a spark after water inches from tip of torch. boils ofl.
  • lreininln wtreienni oil 100 500 48 6.7 Fluid ignited 12 inches ignites without it spark and burns to y lrnnllr llnld. llOlll orillee with eontincompletion.
  • compositions of this invention vention as exemplified by samples 1-13 (Table ill) range from 50 to 65 pounds.
  • compositions of this invention Another property of the unique compositions of this invention is their outstanding fire resistance even though they contain significant amounts of flammable bright stock.
  • typical properties and the properties of other commercially used fire-resistant hydraulic fluids are set forth in Table IV below.
  • the test procedures used to measure the various properties of the fluids of this invention and those used as comparisons are as follows:
  • Viscosity High Pressure Spray Test are not prone to foaming and any foam formed is not stable. Furthermore, the claimed compositions have good stability, even at temperatures of 250 F. and in the presence of air, and are essentially noncorrosive to metals such as aluminum, aluminum bronze alloy, iron, silver and titanium. A further advantage of the instant compositions is their outstanding hydrolytic stability.
  • improved hydraulic pressure devices can be prepared in accordance with this invention which comprise in combination a fluid chamber and an actuating fluid insaid chamber, said fluid comprising one of the compositions hereinbefore described.
  • performance characteristics are obtainable which are superior to those heretofore obtainable.
  • the novel functional fluids of this invention find utility in the transmission of power in a hydraulic system having a pump therein supplying the power for the system.
  • the parts which are so lubricated include the frictional surfaces of the source of power, namely the pump, valves, operating pistons and cylinders, fluid motors, and in some cases, for machine tools, the ways, tables and slides.
  • the hydraulic system may be of either the constant volume or the variable volume type.
  • the pumps may be of various types, including the pistontype pump, more particularly the variable-stroke piston pump, the variable-discharge of variable displacement piston pump, radial-piston pump, axial-piston pump, in which a pivoted cylinder block is adjusted at various angles with the piston assembly, for example, the Vickers Axial-Piston Pump, or in which the mechanism which drives the pistons is set at an angle adjustable with the cylinder block; gear-type pump, which may be spur, helical or herringbone gears, variations of internal gears, or a screw pump; or vane pumps.
  • the valves may be stop valves, reversing valves, pilot valves, throttling valves, sequence valves or relief valves.
  • Fluid motors are usually constant or variable discharge piston pumps caused to rotate by the pressure of the hydraulic fluid of the system with the power supplied by the pump power source. Such a hydraulic motor may be used in connection with a variable-discharge pump to form a variable speed transmission.
  • compositions of this invention can be utilized as gear lubricants in mechanical power trains.
  • Mild mineral oil E.P. gear lubricants currently employed commercially provide ratings within the ranges of 45 to 65 pounds when tested by the Timken Extreme Pressure Lubricant Testing Machine described above and typical para-ffrnic petroleum oil employed as a gear lubricant having a viscosity of about 300 SSU at 100 F. provide ratings in the range of only to pounds. Accordingly, in view of the high ratings reported in Table ill (50 to 65 pounds), compositions of this invention can be used alone or in combination with lubricant adjuvants as lubricants in automotive and other mobile equipment power trains.
  • compositions of this invention are heavier than water thus making their use as gear lubricants even more desirable in applications such as in sheet metal rolling mill power trains where water contamination is likely. This property allows water contamination to be more easily removed by flotation of the water and renders such water contamination less harmful than in prior lubricants containing mineral oil.
  • compositions of this invention can also contain dyes, pour point depressants, antioxidants, viscosity index improvers, such as polyalkylacrylates and polyalkylmethacrylates, anti-rust agents, hydrolytic stabilizers and the like where ever desired for special use requirements.
  • dyes such as polyalkylacrylates and polyalkylmethacrylates, anti-rust agents, hydrolytic stabilizers and the like where ever desired for special use requirements.
  • a composition comprising a mixture of l. a bright stock having a viscosity in the range of from about 150 to about 250 SSU at 210 F., 2. a phosphate ester selected from the group consisting of an ester represented by the formula where R, R and R are each selected from the group consisting of phenyl, alkyl C radicals, and phenyl radicals substituted with halogen, alkyl C radicals, or haloalkyl C radicals, provided not more than one of R, R and R is alkyl, and mixtures thereof, and,
  • halogenated biphenyls containing from about percent to about 60 percent by weight halogen and mixtures thereof, wherein the amounts of (l), (2), and (3) are within the area defined by the curve ABC of FIG. I.
  • composition of claim 1 where the halogenated compound is chlorinated biphenyl containing from about 30 percent to about 60 percent by weight combined chlorine.
  • composition of claim 1 where the phosphate ester is an alkyl diaryl phosphate.
  • composition of claim 3 where the phosphate ester is selected from the group consisting of Z-ethyl-hexyl diphenyl phosphate, isooctyl diphenyl phosphate, and cresyl diphenyl phosphate.
  • a composition comprising a mixture by weight of from about 25 percent to about 45 percent of a bright stock having a viscosity in the range of from about to 250 SSU at 210 F. and a viscosity index of at least about 90, from about 10 percent to about 15 percent of an alkyl C diaryl phosphate and from about 40 percent to about 60 percent of a chlorinated biphenyl containing from about 30 percent to about 54 percent, by weight, combined chlorine.
  • a composition of claim 6 where the bright stock has a viscosity in the range of from about 200 to 220 SSU at 210 F. and a viscosity index of at least about 95.
  • composition of claim 6 where the phosphate ester is selected from the group consisting of isooctyl diphenyl phosphate and ethyl hexyl diphenyl phosphate.
  • a composition comprising a mixture of 1. bright stock having a viscosity in the range of from about 150 to 250 SSU at 210 F., 2. a mixture of phosphate esters comprising (i) at least one ester represented by the formula where R, R and R are each selected from the group consisting of phenyl, alkyl C radicals, and phenyl radicals substituted with halogen, alkyl C radicals, or haloalkyl C radicals, provided not more than one of R, R and R, are alkyl and (ii) at least one ester selected from the group consisting of trialkyl C phosphates and idalkyl C aryl phosphates, the maximum ratio of alkyl ester groups to aryl ester groups being about 1.5 to 1 respectively; and
  • halogenated biphenyls containing from about 30 percent to about 60 percent by weight halogen and mixtures thereof, wherein the amounts of l (2), and (3) are within the area defined by the curve ABC of FIG. 1.
  • a composition of claim 10 where the bright stock has a viscosity in the range of from about 200 to 220 SSU at 210 F.
  • a composition of claim 10 where the mixtures of phosphate esters comprises at least one alkyl diary] phosphate and at least one trialkyl phosphate.
  • a composition of claim 17 where the mixture of phosphate esters comprises at least one triaryl phosphate and at least one trialkyl phosphate.
  • a composition of claim 10 where the halogenated compound is chlorinated biphenyl containing from about 30 percent to about 60 percent, by weight, combined chlorine.
  • a composition comprising, by weight, about 40 percent bright stock having a viscosity of about 200 SSU at 210 F., about 14 percent isooctyl diphenyl phosphate and about 46 percent chlorinated biphenyl containing about 42 percent chlorine.

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  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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Cited By (3)

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US3793207A (en) * 1971-11-05 1974-02-19 Chevron Res Fire-resistant hydraulic fluid
US3873464A (en) * 1970-12-28 1975-03-25 Mobil Oil Corp Flame resistant hydraulic fluid
US5709009A (en) * 1994-04-25 1998-01-20 Schlage Lock Company Door closer for the non-fire side of a fire-door safety installation

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU2809671A (en) * 1970-04-27 1972-10-26 Monsanto Company Functional fluid compositions containing fluoro alkanes

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US1029254A (en) * 1910-10-14 1912-06-11 Frank L Dyer Non-inflammable lubricating-oil.
US2037686A (en) * 1933-02-10 1936-04-14 Gen Electric Insulating and dielectric compositions
US2175877A (en) * 1936-09-30 1939-10-10 Gen Electric Liquid composition
US2203102A (en) * 1938-01-18 1940-06-04 Gulf Research Development Co Lubricant
US2245649A (en) * 1934-10-02 1941-06-17 Celluloid Corp Lubricant and method of making same
US3136726A (en) * 1957-06-28 1964-06-09 Douglas Aircraft Co Inc Fire-resistant hydraulic fluid and lubricant

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FR1526904A (fr) * 1965-10-18 1968-05-31 Monsanto Co Compositions synergiques de fluides fonctionnels
US3496107A (en) * 1969-03-13 1970-02-17 Fmc Corp Fire-resistant functional fluids

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US1029254A (en) * 1910-10-14 1912-06-11 Frank L Dyer Non-inflammable lubricating-oil.
US2037686A (en) * 1933-02-10 1936-04-14 Gen Electric Insulating and dielectric compositions
US2245649A (en) * 1934-10-02 1941-06-17 Celluloid Corp Lubricant and method of making same
US2175877A (en) * 1936-09-30 1939-10-10 Gen Electric Liquid composition
US2203102A (en) * 1938-01-18 1940-06-04 Gulf Research Development Co Lubricant
US3136726A (en) * 1957-06-28 1964-06-09 Douglas Aircraft Co Inc Fire-resistant hydraulic fluid and lubricant

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3873464A (en) * 1970-12-28 1975-03-25 Mobil Oil Corp Flame resistant hydraulic fluid
US3793207A (en) * 1971-11-05 1974-02-19 Chevron Res Fire-resistant hydraulic fluid
US5709009A (en) * 1994-04-25 1998-01-20 Schlage Lock Company Door closer for the non-fire side of a fire-door safety installation
US5864920A (en) * 1994-04-25 1999-02-02 Schlage Lock Company Door closer for the non-fire side of a fire-door safety installation

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FR2056937B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-04-26
GB1267223A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-03-15
BE754259R (fr) 1971-02-01
FR2056937A2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1971-05-07
AU1829270A (en) 1972-02-03
DE2038188A1 (de) 1971-02-11

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