US3654166A - Detergent compositions - Google Patents

Detergent compositions Download PDF

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US3654166A
US3654166A US749596A US3654166DA US3654166A US 3654166 A US3654166 A US 3654166A US 749596 A US749596 A US 749596A US 3654166D A US3654166D A US 3654166DA US 3654166 A US3654166 A US 3654166A
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percent
surfactant
carbon atoms
detergent
textile
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Hans-Werner Eckert
Arnold Heins
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Henkel AG and Co KGaA
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/38—Cationic compounds
    • C11D1/52—Carboxylic amides, alkylolamides or imides or their condensation products with alkylene oxides
    • C11D1/525—Carboxylic amides (R1-CO-NR2R3), where R1, R2 or R3 contain two or more hydroxy groups per alkyl group, e.g. R3 being a reducing sugar rest
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
    • C11D17/0039—Coated compositions or coated components in the compositions, (micro)capsules
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/0005—Other compounding ingredients characterised by their effect
    • C11D3/001—Softening compositions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
    • C11D3/38—Products with no well-defined composition, e.g. natural products
    • C11D3/386—Preparations containing enzymes, e.g. protease or amylase
    • C11D3/38609—Protease or amylase in solid compositions only
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
    • C11D3/38—Products with no well-defined composition, e.g. natural products
    • C11D3/386—Preparations containing enzymes, e.g. protease or amylase
    • C11D3/38627—Preparations containing enzymes, e.g. protease or amylase containing lipase

Definitions

  • R is alkyl having 10 to 22 carbon atoms, which can be interrupted by an ether oxygen in the vicinity of the nitrogen atom, R is alkyl having 7 to 21 carbon atoms, R, and R together containing from 23 to 39 carbon atoms and Z is a polyhydroxyalkyl having one of the following formulae:
  • compositions of the invention are detergents and represent novel combinations of wash active surfactants and textile softening agents.
  • the present invention relates to detergent compositions. More particularly, this invention relates to detergent compositions containing wash-active and textile softening agents.
  • compositions of the invention are mixtures containing:
  • R is alkyl having 10 to 22, preferably 12 to 20, and most preferably 16 to 18 carbon atoms; wherein said alkyl can be interrupted by an ether oxygen atom in the vicinity of the nitrogen atom,
  • R is alkyl having 7 to 21, preferably 11 to 19, and most preferably 15 to 17 carbon atoms; R and R together having a total of 23 to 39, and preferably 27 to 35 carbon atoms, and
  • Z is polyhydroxyalkyl having one of the following formulae:
  • the invention furthermore relates to dry, pasty or liquid detergent compositions and other washing aids containing the above surfactant-softener combinations and containing in addition the other conventional detergent components, the surfactant-softener combination amounting to from 5 to 80 and preferably 15 to 40% by weight, and the additional conventional detergent components amounting to from 20 to 95 and preferably from to 60% by weight of the resulting composition.
  • the conventional detergent components which can be present include, for example, neutral to alkaline reacting builder substances, complex formers, bleaching components, suds stabilizers, suds inhibitors and dirt carriers.
  • the invention additionally relates to Surfactant-textile softener combinations usable as textile deterents, as well as detergent compositions or washing adjuvants containing such surfactant-textile softener combinations which are characterized by a content of enzymes.
  • suitable enzymes include the proteases, amyla-ses, which can be incorporated into the compositions according to the invention either singly or in any combination.
  • the protease content can correspond to activities of 50 to 5000, and preferably 100 to 2500 LVE/ g.
  • their amylase content can correspond to activities of 20 to 5000, preferably 50 to 2000 SKBE/g
  • their lipase content to activities of 2 to 1000, preferably from 5 to 500 IE per gram of detergent or Washing adjuvant.
  • compositions according to the invention are surfactant-textile softener combinations as are often used in industrial laundries in combination with conventional builder materials
  • the enzyme content of such compositions should be regulated so that the preparation composed of the surfactant-textile softener combination toether with the other components of the detergent or washing aid are of the enzyme content stated above.
  • the surfactanttextile softener combination can amount to from 5 to 80%, and preferably from to 40% of the total detergent composition or of the washing aid
  • the enzyme activities for the surfactant-textile softener combinations are calculated at 62.5 to 100,000 LVIE for proteases, 25 to 100,000 SKBE for amylases, and 2.5 to 20,000 IE for lipases, per gram of surfactant-textile softener combination.
  • Surfactant-textile softener combinations having activities close to the upper limits can be produced only if very active enzyme preparations are available. This is why the maximum activities are usually around 50,000 LVE, 50,000 SKBE and 10,000 IE per gram of surfactant combination.
  • the enzyme activities preferably range from 250 to 15,000 LVE, 125 to 15,000 SKBE and 12.5 to 3,500 IE per gram of surfactant combination.
  • the above data on the enzyme contents and activities of the preparations according to the invention are based on the activities of those enzyme preparations which, on the date of filing, appeared to be usuable in the detergent field from the economic viewpoint.
  • the enzyme activities of the preparations according to the invention can be increased as needed, so that the activities in the case of proteases and amylases can be increased up to 5 times, and in the case of lipases up to 10 times, the maximums stated above. If, therefore, enzyme preparations having higher contents of active enzyme should be made available in the future, which appear to be suitable for use in the detergent field from the economic viewpoint, the option of keeping the enzyme activity of the preparation at the above-stated level using smaller quantities of enzyme, or of increasing the enzyme activity using the same quantity of enzyme is presented.
  • the glycamides suitable for use in formulating the mixtures in accordance with the invention can be produced by amidation in the known manner from the corresponding glycamines which are obtained by the hydrogenation of hexoses or oligomers thereof using Raney nickel and in the presence of higher alkylamines.
  • the hexoses employed in the hydrogenation are preferably monosacchardies such as glucose, mannose, galactose, fructose, sorbose or mixtures thereof, such as invert sugar.
  • the oligomers thereof can also be used, such as, for example, maltose.
  • Pentoses or pentose mixtures can be process in the same manner, in which case, compounds in which in is 3 and n is 2 are obtained, the same also being suitable for use as the textile softening agent. Mixtures of pentoses and hexoses can also be advantageously used.
  • the alkyl radicals of the amines which are used in the preparation of the textile softeners according to the invention can be similar to the radicals of the amidally bonded fatty acids, saturated or unsaturated, straight-chained or branched, and of synthetic or natural origin. Accordingly, the radicals R can be derived from decylamine, lauryl amine, myristylamine, cetylamine, stearylamine, oleylamine, arachylamine or behenylamine.
  • the carbon chains of these alkyl radicals may also be interrupted by ether oxygen atoms in the vicinity of the nitrogen atom and preferably between carbon atoms 2 and 3 or 3 and 4, respectively (counting from the nitrogen atom).
  • the fatty acid radicals R -CO- can be derived from capric, lauric, myristic, palmitic, stearic, oleic, arachinic or behenic acid. Since the amines used for the preparation of the textile softeners are obtainable from the corresponding fatty acids through the amides or nitriles, both the alkyl amines and the fatty acid radicals may be 'in the form of homologous mixtures, as they are found, for example, in fats of natural origin. Accordingly, the radicals R and R CO- can be prepared from fats derived from plant, marine or land animal sources.
  • radicals are preferably to be of a substantially saturated nature.
  • the invention is of particular practical importance in connection with the so-called complete detergents, i.e., the detergents that are used in the main washing process.
  • These may be machine detergents characterized by low sudsing action, or even all-purpose detergents exhibiting good sudsing at temperatures up to 60 C. with the production of suds diminishing as the temperature rises above 60 C.
  • such detergents may simultaneously contain foam stabilizers and foam inhibitors having an activity that depends directly on the prevailing temperature.
  • the surfactant components usually comprise synthetic anionic, zwitterionic and/or non-ionic surfactants and soaps having, for example, 12 to 18 carbon atoms in their fatty acid radicals or in the free fatty acids corresponding to the soaps.
  • the surface active sulfonates are of particular practical importance as synthetic anionic surfactants, as are the corresponding sulfates.
  • the anionic surfactant component usually amounts to 50% of the entire surfactant content as has been set out above.
  • the sudsing ability of anionic and/or non-ionic surfactants can be controlled by the selection of appropriate fatty acid components.
  • the suds inhibition especially at elevated temperatures of from 60 to C., increases with the carbon number and with the degree of saturation of the fatty acid radical.
  • a powerful suds inhibition is realized with synthetic anionic, zwitterionic or non-ionic surfactants by saponification from fatty acid mixtures consisting of at least 50% of fatty acids having 16 to 30 carbon atoms and at least 3%, and preferably of more than 5%, of fatty acids having 20 and more carbon atoms, wherein the saturated fatty acids containing at least 16 carbon atoms amount to at least 50% of the total soap content.
  • the content of soap can be eliminated, or alternatively, can be replaced by synthetic wash-active substances, providing that the detergent composition contains other suds inhibiting substances, such as hereinafter set out.
  • the quantity thereof usually ranges between 0.5 and 7 times, and preferably between 1 and 5 times the surfactant combination.
  • enough alkali is present in the latter builder materials so that a 1% solution of the finished detergent has a pH ranging from 8 to 12, and preferably from in the range of 9 to 11.
  • composition of the complete detergents which are of particular practical importance are set out by the following ranges of components:
  • the anionic, zwitterionic or non-ionic surfactants present in the surfactant combinations or detergents according to the invention contain in their molecules at least one hydrophobic radical having 8 to 30 carbon atoms and one anionic or non-ionic water-solubilizig group.
  • the hydrophobic radical may be of an aliphatic or alicyclic, saturated or unsaturated nature, and may be directly bonded to the water-solubilizing group or through an intermediate.
  • the intermediate can be, for example, a benzene ring, carboxylic acid ester group, carbonamide group, ethylene glycol radical or propylene glycol radical.
  • the hydrophobic radical is preferably an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having about 10 to 18 carbon atoms, variations from this preferred number being possible, depending on the nature of the surfactant involved.
  • Those soaps which are suitable for use as anionic washactive substances are derived from natural or synthetic fatty acids, or, if desired, from resinic or naphthenic acids.
  • the sulfonates and sulfates are of particular practical importance.
  • the sulfonates include, for example, the alkylaryl sulfonates, particularly the alkylbenzenesulfonates.
  • Aliphatic sulfonates are also of interest, such as those which can be obtained, for example, from preferably saturated hydrocarbons containing 8 to 18 and preferably 10 to 16 carbon atoms in their molecules by 'sulfochlorination with sulfur dioxide and chlorine or sulfoxidation with sulfur dioxide and oxygen, followed by conversion of the products thus obtained to the corresponding sulfonates.
  • mixtures of alkenesulfonates, hydroxyalkenesulfonates and hydroxyalkanesulfonates can serve as aliphatic sulfonates.
  • the 'sulfonate group is often positioned on a secondary carbon atom.
  • the sulfonates which may be used according to the invention include esters formed by reacting ot-sulfofatty acids with monovalent or polyvalent alcohols containing 1 to 4 and preferably 1 to 2 carbon atoms.
  • Illustrative of the surfactants of the sulfate type are the fatty alcohol sulfates, particularly those derived from coconut fatty alcohols, tallow fatty alcohols or from oleyl alcohol. Sulfonation products of the sulfate type which can be used according to the invention can also be prepared from terminal or non-terminal C to C olefins.
  • This group of surfactants also includes sulfatized fatty acid alkylolamides, sulfatized monoglycerides and sulfatization products of ethoxylated and/or propoxylated fatty alcohols, alkyl phenols having 8 to 15 carbon atoms in their alkyl radicals, fatty acid amides, fatty acid alkylolamides, etc., 0.5 to 20 moles, preferably 1 to 8 moles and preferably 2 to 4 moles of ethylene and/or propylene oxide can be added to one mole of the afore-mentioned ethoxylated and/or propoxylated compounds.
  • Instances of other usable sulfonates include, the fatty acid esters of oxyethanesulfonic acid and of dioxypropanesulfonic acid, as well as'the fatty acid amides of aminoethanesulfonic acid.
  • the detergent compositions according to the invention may also contain surface active synthetic carboxylate's, such as for example, the fatty acid esters or fatty alcohol ethers of hydroxycarboxylic acids and the fatty acid amides of aminocarboxylic acids such as glycocol or sarcosine.
  • surface active synthetic carboxylate's such as for example, the fatty acid esters or fatty alcohol ethers of hydroxycarboxylic acids and the fatty acid amides of aminocarboxylic acids such as glycocol or sarcosine.
  • non-ionic surfactants which are hereinafter referred to as non-ionics include products, the solubility of which in water is attributable to the presence of polyether chains, a-minoxide, sulfoxide or phosphinoxide groups, alkylolamide groupings, and generally, to an accumulation of hydroxyl groups.
  • ethylene oxide and/or glycide onto fatty alcohols, alkylphenols, fatty acids, fatty amines, fatty acid amides and sulfonic acid amides.
  • The'se non-ionics contain from 4 to 100, preferably 6 to 40, and most preferably 8 to 20 ether radicals, and in particular ethylene glycol ether radicals, per molecule.
  • propylene or butylene glycol ether radicals may also be present in these polyglycol ether radicals or terminally located thereon.
  • the non-ionics still further include the Water-insoluble polypropylene glycols which have been made Water-soluble by the addition thereto of ethylene oxide and are well known by the tradenames Pluronics and Tetronics" and also the products of the addition of propylene oxide onto alkylene diamines or lower aliphatic alcohols containing l to 8 and preferably 3 to 6 carbon atoms, known by the commercial name Uncon Fluid.
  • Suitable as non-ionics are also the fatty acid or sulfonic acid alkylolamides, which are derived, for example, from monoor dialkylolamine, from dioxypropylamine or from other polyoxyalkylamines, such as the glycamines. They can be replaced by amides prepared from higher primary or secondary alkylamines and polyhydroxycarboxylic acids.
  • the non-ionics derive from higher tertiary amines having one hydrophobic alkyl radical and two shorter alkyl and/0r alkylol radicals containing up to 4 carbon atoms each have proved to be of particular interest.
  • the sudsing ability of the detergents according to the invention can be increased or diminished by appropriate combinations of the different surfactants.
  • the addition products of propylene oxide and the above-described polyethylene glycol others are characterized by a low sudsing capacity.
  • products can be obtained having very varied turbidity points.
  • These non-ionics act as suds inhibitors on other non-ionics at temperatures above their respective turbidity points.
  • surfactant combinations according to the invention can be used in the surfactant combinations according to the invention together with other non-ionics and they can also be used in combination with other surfactants, as non-ionic component, for example, in the previously mentioned combinations of sulfates and/or sulfonates, soaps and nonionics.
  • the detergents may also contain suds inhibitors which are not surfactants.
  • suds inhibitors include, for example, hydrocarbons of high molecular weight, such as paraffin, fatty acid esters, for instance, fatty acid triglycerides, or fatty acid esters of monovalent alcohols, etc. These foam inhibitors have a good effect, particularly in combinations of soap and surfactants of the sulfonate type.
  • the surfactant combinations of the invention can be marketed as such, for use in conjunction with wash alkalies, complex formers and other conventional components used in the washing medium by commercial laundries. However, the surfactant combinations can also be combined with these conventional detergent additives to make a ready to use laundry detergent or laundry aid.
  • the watersoluble condensed phosphates particularly the pyro-, trior tetrapolyphosphates are of special practical importance.
  • the latter include, for example, nitrilotriacetic acid, ethylenediaminetetracetic acid, N-oxycthylethylene-diaminetriacetic acid, polyalkylene-polyamine-N-polyacetic acids and other known organic complex forming agents, it also being possible to use combinations of different complex formers.
  • nitrilotriacetic acid ethylenediaminetetracetic acid
  • N-oxycthylethylene-diaminetriacetic acid polyalkylene-polyamine-N-polyacetic acids
  • other known organic complex forming agents it also being possible to use combinations of different complex formers.
  • diand polyphosphonic acids having the following formulae:
  • Carboxymethylcnephosphonic acid (HOOCCH PO(OH) can also be used according to the invention as a complex former.
  • the aforesaid complex formers can all be present as free acids, but preferably are employed as their alkali salts.
  • alkali reacting builder materials can be present in the detergents according to the invention. These include such materials as the carbonates, bicarbonates or silicates of the alkalis.
  • Neutrally reacting inorganic or organic salts can also be incorporated into the detergent compositions as, for example, the alkali salts of sulfuric acid, benzene, toluene-, naphthaline-sulfonic, or sulfobenzoic or sulfoacetic acid or the salts of sulfodicarboxylic acids.
  • the detergents according to the invention are used preferably as white laundry detergents at boiling temperatures erably as white laundry detergents at boining temperature or close to boiling temperature. Therefore they advantageously are formulated to contain a bleaching component based on active oxygen or active chlorine.
  • Bleaches on the basis of active oxygen include the in organic per compounds, such as perpyrophosphates, perpolyphosphates, percarbonates and perborates.
  • Commercial sodium perborate having the approximate composition NaBO -H O -3H O is of particular practical importance.
  • perborates can be used which are partially or completely dehydrated, i.e., dehydrated down to the approximate composition NaBO -H O
  • NaBO -H O borates containing active oxygen can be used, in which the ratio of Na O to B 0 is less than 0.5 l, and preferably ranges from 0.4 to 0.15:1, and in which the ratio of H 0 to Na ranges from 0.5 to 4:1.
  • the inorganic active chlorine compounds include alkali hypochlorites, which are preferably used in the form of their mixed salts or of compounds formed by addition onto orthophosphates or onto condensed phosphates, such as pyroand polyphosphates, or alkali silicates. If the detergent compositions and washing aids contain monpersulfates and chlorides, active chlorine forms in aqueous solution.
  • organic active chlorine compounds there are preferably used the N-chlorine compounds in which one or two chlorine atoms are bonded to a nitrogen atom, the third valence of the nitrogen atom being preferably jointed to a negative group, as for instance, to a CO' or group.
  • These compounds include dichloroand trichlorocyanuric acid, chlorinated alkylguanide or alkylbiguanides, chlorinated hydantoins and chlorinated melamines.
  • the detergent compositions can furthermore contain stabilizers for the bleaching component, and particularly for the per compounds if the same are present. Often the complex formers as set out above have a stabilizing action.
  • stabilizers may be present in their stead or together with them, as for example, those stabilizers acting as such by virtue of their large surface area.
  • stabilizers include, for example, the silicates of magnesium or tin.
  • Water-insoluble stannic acid can also be used as a stabilizer.
  • the action of the bleaching components and primarily of the per compounds can be promoted by activators as known in the prior art.
  • activators include small quantities of heavy metal ions, particularly copper ions, which are present, preferably in the form of mixed silicates of magnesium.
  • Dirt carriers may also be contained in the detergents of the invention. The latter act to keep the dirt which is removed from the fibers in the Washing suspended in the Wash water and thereby preventing graying.
  • Water-soluble colloids usually of an organic nature, are suitable for this purpose, such as for example, the water-soluble salts of polymeric carboxylic acids, glue, gelatine, salts of ether carboxylic acids, and ether sulfonic acids of starch or cellulose, and salts of acid sulfuric esters of cellulose or starch. Water-soluble polyamides containing acid groups are also suitable for this purpose.
  • Starch can also be used as can, starch products other than those named above, such as for example, decomposed starch, aldehyde starches, etc.
  • Polyvinylpyrrolidone is also suitable for use as a dirt carrier.
  • the enzymes which are suitable for use in accordance with the invention can be derived from animals, microorganisms (such as bacteria or fungi) and plants, and particularly from digestive ferments, yeasts and bacteria strains. Generally they are composed of a mixture of different enzymatic agents of complex composition. Such compositions are called proteases, carbohydrases, esterases, lipases, oxidoreductases, catalases, peroxidases, ureases, isomerases, lyases, transferases, des-molasses or nucleases, according to the nature of their action.
  • the enzymatic agents obtained from bacterial strains or fungi, such as Bacillus subtilis and Streptomyces griseus have proved to be of particular advantage.
  • Instances of other usable enzymes are pepsin, pancreatin, trypsin, papain and diastase.
  • the enzyme preparations derived from Bacillus subtilis have the advantage over the latter enzymes in that they are relatively resistant to alkali, per compounds and anionic Wash-active substances, and are not appreciably inactivated even at temperatures between 45 and 70 C.
  • Their relativel great stability against oxidizing agents is based possibly on the low content of free sulfhydryl groups.
  • the enzymes are marketed by the manufacturers usually in preparations to which cutting agents have been added.
  • Sodium sulfate, sodium chloride, alklai ortho-, pyroor polyphosphates, particularly tripolyphosphate, are suitable as cutting agents.
  • the still moist enzyme preparations are combined with calcined salts, which then bind the water of crystallization that may be present in the enzymatic agent, while agglomerating the particles into larger particles if desired.
  • the enzymatic agents are available as dry products, it is possible to use the non-ionic organic compounds in liquid or paste form, such as ethylene glycol, polyethylene glycols, butylene glycol or polybutylene glycols and the known surfactants in liquid to paste form which are obtained, for example, by addition of ethylene oxide and, if desired, propylene oxide onto the starting materials used for the production of such products, for the purpose of binding the enzymatic agent to the preparation that is to be made in each case.
  • non-ionic organic compounds such as ethylene glycol, polyethylene glycols, butylene glycol or polybutylene glycols and the known surfactants in liquid to paste form which are obtained, for example, by addition of ethylene oxide and, if desired, propylene oxide onto the starting materials used for the production of such products, for the purpose of binding the enzymatic agent to the preparation that is to be made in each case.
  • a mixture of the components of the surfactant combination or detergent composition and the enzymatic agent is sprayed together with the non-ionic or the enzymatic agent is dispersed in the said non-ionic substances and this dispersion is combined with the remaining components of the composition. If the balance of the components of the composition are solids, the dispersion of the enzymatic agents in the non-ionic components can be sprayed onto these solid components.
  • the enzymes which they contain bring about a more rapid removal of the stains, even at relatively low temperatures, particularly when the stains consist of dried blood, pus, gravy, etc.
  • the textile softeners contained in the products of the invention can then act on the textiles at a relatively early point in the washing process. In this manner a combined action of the enzymes and of the textile softeners is achieved.
  • the following glycamides have proven to be suitable for use as textile softening agents in the surfactant-softening agent combinations according to the invention and in the detergent compositions or washing aids containing them.
  • the radicals R1 ⁇ - and/or R CO' are derived from fatty acid mixtures of natural origin.
  • the unsaturated fatty acids contained in these fatty acid mixtures were saturated to a substantial degree in the course of the process of their manufacture.
  • the radicals R -CO however, are of the same degree of saturation as the fatty acid mixtures from which they are derived.
  • Glucamide r 14 29 2 l5 31
  • Glucamide 1 1a si R2:C'1H15 Total 25 C atoms
  • Glucamide R C to C mixture from coconut fatty acid, avg.
  • Rg C to C mixture from tallow fatty acid, avg.
  • compositions of a number of surfactant-softener combinations according to the invention and of a number of detergents containing such surfactant-softener combinations are defined as follows:
  • Olefin sulfonate designates a sulfonate (usually 12-16 carbon atoms) obtained by sulfonating a straightchained terminal or non-terminal olefin with 50; and thereafter hydrolyzing the sulfonation product with lye. It is comprised essentially of alkenesulfonate and hydroxyalkanesulfonate, but also contains small amounts of disulfonates.
  • Oleyl alcohol-+10 EO--Coconut alcohol+ EO Nonylphenol+9.5 or +60 E0 as the case may beidentify products formed by the addition of the stated amount of ethylene oxide onto the hydroxyl compounds named (coconut alcohol an alcohol made from coconut fatty acid).
  • Fatty acid monoethanolamide+8 EO represents a product formed by the addition of 8 moles of ethylene oxide onto 1 mole of monoethanolamide prepared from coconut fatty acid.
  • composition of the fatty acid mixtures from which the various soaps contained in the surfactant combinations or detergent compositions are derived can be seen in the following table:
  • anionic surfactants and other salts are present in the form of their sodium salts. All percentages are percentages by weight.
  • the suds inhibitor is associated with the surfactant combination. This is incorrect, insofar as the special suds inhibitors mentioned in the description of the invention are not to be considered as surfactants. They are nevertheless listed together with the surfactant combination because they certainly affect the sudsing ability of the surfactants.
  • the suds inhibitor used in each case was dissolved in a suitable organic solvent or motten and sprayed by means of a nozzle onto the moving surfactant combination or detergent which was in powder form.
  • parafiin or paraffin oil for example, is suitable for suds inhibitor.
  • an N-N'-N"-trialkylmelamine was used as the suds inhibitor. Equally good results were obtained when this suds inhibitor was replaced by a bis-(alkylamino)- monochlortriazine or with a mixture of 10 to of the melamine derivative and 90 to 10% of the chlortriazine derivative.
  • the alkyl radicals were in the form of mixtures of homologs having from 8 to 18 carbon atoms.
  • the suds inhibiting action set in at temperatures of about 50 C. and reached its full extent at temperatures above 65 C.
  • Example 2 Percent ABS 37 Oleyl alcohol+l0 EO l7 Textile softeners (aj) 46- Example 3 Percent ABS 44 Oleyl alcohol+ 10 E0 14 Soap D 4 Textile softeners (a-j) 38 Example 4 Percent ABS -1 34 Fatty acid ethanolamide+8 EO 13 Soap C 20 Textile softeners (a-j) 33 Example 5 Percent Coconut fatty alcohol+20 E0 48 Coconut fatty alcohol+9 EO+12 PO 25 Textile softeners (a-j) 27 Example 6 Percent ABS 49 Oleyl alcohol-H0 EO l6 Textile softeners (a-j) 33 Suds inhibitor 2 Example 7 Percent Olefin sulfonate 32 Oleyl alcohol+10 E0 i 16 Soap A 15 Textile softeners (a-j) 34 Suds inhibitor s-....---..--..-...--........... 3
  • Example 8 Percent Olefin sulfonate 32 Oleyl alcohol-l-IO EO 16 Soap B t 14 Textile softeners (a-j) 34 Suds inhibitor 4
  • the following examples describe a number of detergents which cont-ain combinations of basic materials in addition to the surfactant combinations according to Examples 1 to 8.
  • Example 9 Percent Surfactant combination per Examples 1-8 19 Na P O1 45 Na O-3.3SiO 4.5 MgSiO v i 1.0 CMC 1.5 N3BOZHZOZ'3HZO Rest: Brighteners, perfume, sodium sulfate and wate
  • Example 12 Percent Surfactant combination per Examples 1-8 19.5 Nitrilotriacetate 19.0 Hydroxyethanediphosphonate 14.0 Na P O NaBO -33SiO 4.5 MgSiO n 1.0 CMC 1.5 NaBO 'H O -3H O 16.0
  • Example 16 Percent Sodium salt of a methylesterified a-sulfofatty acid from hydrogenated tallow 12.0 Soap E 4.0 Textile softener (f) 20.0 Sodium hexametaphosphate 40.0 Na o-assio 4.0 MgSiO 2.4 CMC 1.6
  • Example 17 Percent Olefin sulfonate from C -C olefin 12.0 Soap D 4.0 Textile softener (f) 20.0 Sodium hexametaphosphate 40.0 Na O-3.3SiO 4.0 MgSiO' 2.4 CMC 1.6
  • NaBO3'H202'3H2O Rest Brighteners, perfume, sodium sulfate and water.
  • the detergents of Examples 9 to 12 and 14 to 17 contain sodium perborate tetrahydrate as the bleaching component. This can be replaced wholly or partially by other per compounds, such as those mentioned in the description of the invention. lActive chlorine compounds can be used instead of the per compounds. If no value is placed on the bleaching component it can be eliminated all together along with the magnesium silicate serving as its stabilizer. In such cases the percentages of the bleaching component and magnesium silicate are replaced by increasing the percentages of the other components proportionally, unless it is desired, for special reasons, to increase the percentage of a certain component, such as the surfactant, the textile softener or the builder material by that amount.
  • a certain component such as the surfactant, the textile softener or the builder material by that amount.
  • the enzyme activity is set out in the examples, with reference to one gram of detergent.
  • the suds inhibitors were incorporated into the detergents compositions in the same manner as described above or alternatively they were mixed in the form of fine powders with the detergent. If they were sprayed on, the suds inhibitors were fixed to the solid particles of the preparation or to a solid component of the preparation; it is even possible that they wholly or partially envelop the said particles.
  • a detergent composition consisting of to 90 wt. percent of at least one member selected from the group consisting of anionic, zwitterionic and non-ionic surfactants and 10 to 80 wt. percent of a textile softening N- alkyl-N-acyl-N-polyhydroxyalkyl compound having the formula:
  • R is (1) alkyl or alkenyl of 10 to 22 carbon atoms, or (2) alkyl or alkenyl of 10 to 22 carbon atoms with an ether oxygen linkage between either the 2 and 3 or 3 and 4 carbon atoms from the nitrogen atom,
  • R is alkyl or alkenyl of 7 to 21 carbon atoms
  • R +R have 23 to 39 carbon atoms
  • Z is (1) -CH (CHO'H) CH OH or (2) -CH (CH OH) (CHOHhCHgOH 2.
  • R has 12 to 20 carbon atoms, R has 11 to 19 carbon atoms,
  • R -l-R have a total of 27 to 35 carbon atoms, and wherein of 100 parts of the combination of said surfactants and said N-alkyl-N-acyl-N-polyhydroxyalkyl compound, 30 to parts thereof consist of the latter.
  • composition according to claim 1 wherein said anionic surfactant group member is present in an amount of at least 50% of the total quantity of surfactants present.
  • a composition according to claim 4 additionally containing an active amount of an enzyme selected from the group consisting of the proteases, carbohydrases, esterases, lipases, oxidoreductases, catalses, peroxidases, ureases, isomerases, lyases, transferases, desmolases or nucleases.
  • an enzyme selected from the group consisting of the proteases, carbohydrases, esterases, lipases, oxidoreductases, catalses, peroxidases, ureases, isomerases, lyases, transferases, desmolases or nucleases.
  • composition of claim 6, wherein said enzyme is elected from the group conisting of:
  • protases 62.5 to 50,000 LVE/ g. of total composition
  • amylases 25 to 50,000 SKBE/g. of total composition
  • lipases 2.5 to 10,000 IE/g. of total composition.
  • composition according to claim 4 wherein said mixture of surfactants and textile softening compound is present in an amount of from 8 to 50 wt. percent and comprises:
  • a method for washing and softening a textile-fabric article comprising laundering said article in water containing dissolved therein a detergent composition according to claim 1.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Detergent Compositions (AREA)
  • Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
US749596A 1967-08-14 1968-08-02 Detergent compositions Expired - Lifetime US3654166A (en)

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DEH0063601 1967-08-14
DE19681767413 DE1767413A1 (de) 1967-08-14 1968-05-08 Als Textilwaschmittel brauchbare Tensidkombinationen sowie diese enthaltende Wasch- oder Waschhilfsmittel

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Cited By (33)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4053314A (en) * 1974-08-09 1977-10-11 Kabushiki Kaisha Bunshodo Amine developer liquid for diazotype reproduction
DE3043618A1 (de) * 1979-11-26 1981-05-27 Colgate-Palmolive Co., 10022 New York, N.Y. Carboxamide, ihre verwendung als antistatische mittel fuer gewaschene stoffe sowie diese mittel enthaltende waschmittelzusammensetzungen
US4675359A (en) * 1983-10-06 1987-06-23 Nippon Zeon Co. Ltd. Process for producing water-soluble acid amide compounds
US5009814A (en) * 1987-04-08 1991-04-23 Huls Aktiengesellschaft Use of n-polyhydroxyalkyl fatty acid amides as thickening agents for liquid aqueous surfactant systems
WO1992006155A1 (en) * 1990-09-28 1992-04-16 The Procter & Gamble Company Polyhydroxy fatty acid amide surfactants in bleach-containing detergent compositions
WO1992022629A1 (en) * 1991-06-18 1992-12-23 The Procter & Gamble Company Laundry detergent containing a polyhydroxy fatty amide and insoluble ethoxylated alcohol
US5174927A (en) * 1990-09-28 1992-12-29 The Procter & Gamble Company Process for preparing brightener-containing liquid detergent compositions with polyhydroxy fatty acid amines
US5254281A (en) * 1991-01-29 1993-10-19 The Procter & Gamble Company Soap bars with polyhydroxy fatty acid amides
US5288431A (en) * 1992-06-15 1994-02-22 The Procter & Gamble Company Liquid laundry detergent compositions with silicone antifoam agent
WO1994009099A1 (en) * 1992-10-13 1994-04-28 The Procter & Gamble Company Fluid compositions containing polyhydroxy fatty acid amides
US5332528A (en) * 1990-09-28 1994-07-26 The Procter & Gamble Company Polyhydroxy fatty acid amides in soil release agent-containing detergent compositions
US5338486A (en) * 1990-09-28 1994-08-16 The Procter & Gamble Company High catalyst process for glucamide detergents
US5338487A (en) * 1990-09-28 1994-08-16 The Procter & Gamble Company Catalyzed process for glucamide detergents
TR27187A (tr) * 1990-09-28 1994-11-30 Procter & Gamble Agartici ihtiva eden deterjen terkipleri icinde polihidroksi yag asidi amidi yüzey aktif maddeler.
DE4326959A1 (de) * 1993-08-12 1995-02-16 Henkel Kgaa Hautpflegemittel
DE4326958A1 (de) * 1993-08-12 1995-02-16 Henkel Kgaa Hautpflegemittel
US5395543A (en) * 1991-09-30 1995-03-07 Berol Nobel Ab Freeflowing alkaline detergent, and agents for the preparation thereof
US5454982A (en) * 1990-09-28 1995-10-03 The Procter & Gamble Company Detergent composition containing polyhydroxy fatty acid amide and alkyl ester sulfonate surfactants
US5489393A (en) * 1993-09-09 1996-02-06 The Procter & Gamble Company High sudsing detergent with n-alkoxy polyhydroxy fatty acid amide and secondary carboxylate surfactants
US5500153A (en) * 1994-07-05 1996-03-19 The Procter & Gamble Company Handwash laundry detergent composition having improved mildness and cleaning performance
US5500150A (en) * 1993-09-09 1996-03-19 The Procter & Gamble Company Solidified detergent additive with n-alkoxy polyhydroxy fatty acid amide and alkoxylated surfactant
US5510049A (en) * 1993-09-09 1996-04-23 The Procter & Gamble Company Bar composition with N-alkoxy or N-aryloxy polyhydroxy fatty acid amide surfactant
US5512699A (en) * 1994-01-25 1996-04-30 The Procter & Gamble Company Poly polyhydroxy fatty acid amides
US5534197A (en) * 1994-01-25 1996-07-09 The Procter & Gamble Company Gemini polyhydroxy fatty acid amides
US5571781A (en) * 1992-10-13 1996-11-05 The Procter & Gamble Company Non-aqueous liquid detergent compositions
US5669984A (en) * 1994-01-25 1997-09-23 The Procter & Gamble Company Method for hand washing dishes containing polyhydroxy amines
US5698046A (en) * 1993-09-09 1997-12-16 The Procter & Gamble Comapny Automatic dishwashing detergent with alkoxy or aryloxy amide surfactant
US5736503A (en) * 1992-11-30 1998-04-07 The Procter & Gamble Company High sudsing detergent compositions with specially selected soaps
US5750485A (en) * 1991-06-18 1998-05-12 The Procter & Gamble Company Laundry detergent containing a polyhydroxy fatty amide and insoluble ethoxylated alcohol
EP0919608A1 (de) * 1997-11-25 1999-06-02 The Procter & Gamble Company Verwendung einer Polyhydroyfettsäureamidverbindung als Weichmacherverbindung
JP3408290B2 (ja) 1993-09-02 2003-05-19 花王株式会社 新規硫酸エステル、その塩及びその製造法、並びに該硫酸エステル又はその塩を含有する洗浄剤組成物
US20030236339A1 (en) * 2002-02-11 2003-12-25 Edizone, Lc Invert sugar bubbles
ES2249175A1 (es) * 2004-09-08 2006-03-16 M. Jose Roldan Herrero Composicion de jabon para lavar con poder suavizante.

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GB8629535D0 (en) * 1986-12-10 1987-01-21 Unilever Plc Enzymatic detergent composition
GB8629536D0 (en) * 1986-12-10 1987-01-21 Unilever Plc Enzymatic detergent composition
GB8629537D0 (en) * 1986-12-10 1987-01-21 Unilever Plc Enzymatic dishwashing composition
CA2092556C (en) * 1990-09-28 1997-08-19 Mark Hsiang-Kuen Mao Polyhydroxy fatty acid amide surfactants to enhance enzyme performance
WO1993023516A1 (en) * 1992-05-08 1993-11-25 The Procter & Gamble Company Granular detergent compositions with lipase
AU7603394A (en) * 1993-09-09 1995-03-27 Procter & Gamble Company, The Detergent particles with anionic surfactants and n-alkoxy or n-aryloxy polyhydroxy fatty acid amides
CN1134720A (zh) * 1993-09-09 1996-10-30 普罗格特-甘布尔公司 N-烷氧基或n-芳氧基多羟基脂肪酸酰胺加烷氧基化羧酸盐表面活性剂混合物的洗涤剂组合物
WO1995007332A1 (en) * 1993-09-09 1995-03-16 The Procter & Gamble Company Granular detergent with n-alkoxy or n-aryloxy polyhydroxy fatty acid amide surfactant

Cited By (41)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4053314A (en) * 1974-08-09 1977-10-11 Kabushiki Kaisha Bunshodo Amine developer liquid for diazotype reproduction
DE3043618A1 (de) * 1979-11-26 1981-05-27 Colgate-Palmolive Co., 10022 New York, N.Y. Carboxamide, ihre verwendung als antistatische mittel fuer gewaschene stoffe sowie diese mittel enthaltende waschmittelzusammensetzungen
US4283192A (en) * 1979-11-26 1981-08-11 Colgate-Palmolive Company N-substituted short chain carboxamides as antistatic agents for laundered fabrics
US4675359A (en) * 1983-10-06 1987-06-23 Nippon Zeon Co. Ltd. Process for producing water-soluble acid amide compounds
US5009814A (en) * 1987-04-08 1991-04-23 Huls Aktiengesellschaft Use of n-polyhydroxyalkyl fatty acid amides as thickening agents for liquid aqueous surfactant systems
US5338486A (en) * 1990-09-28 1994-08-16 The Procter & Gamble Company High catalyst process for glucamide detergents
TR27187A (tr) * 1990-09-28 1994-11-30 Procter & Gamble Agartici ihtiva eden deterjen terkipleri icinde polihidroksi yag asidi amidi yüzey aktif maddeler.
US5174927A (en) * 1990-09-28 1992-12-29 The Procter & Gamble Company Process for preparing brightener-containing liquid detergent compositions with polyhydroxy fatty acid amines
US5454982A (en) * 1990-09-28 1995-10-03 The Procter & Gamble Company Detergent composition containing polyhydroxy fatty acid amide and alkyl ester sulfonate surfactants
WO1992006155A1 (en) * 1990-09-28 1992-04-16 The Procter & Gamble Company Polyhydroxy fatty acid amide surfactants in bleach-containing detergent compositions
US5332528A (en) * 1990-09-28 1994-07-26 The Procter & Gamble Company Polyhydroxy fatty acid amides in soil release agent-containing detergent compositions
US5700771A (en) * 1990-09-28 1997-12-23 The Procter & Gamble Company Polyhydroxy fatty acid amide surfactants in percarbonate bleach-containing compositions
US5338487A (en) * 1990-09-28 1994-08-16 The Procter & Gamble Company Catalyzed process for glucamide detergents
US5254281A (en) * 1991-01-29 1993-10-19 The Procter & Gamble Company Soap bars with polyhydroxy fatty acid amides
US5750485A (en) * 1991-06-18 1998-05-12 The Procter & Gamble Company Laundry detergent containing a polyhydroxy fatty amide and insoluble ethoxylated alcohol
WO1992022629A1 (en) * 1991-06-18 1992-12-23 The Procter & Gamble Company Laundry detergent containing a polyhydroxy fatty amide and insoluble ethoxylated alcohol
TR27927A (tr) * 1991-06-18 1995-10-16 Procter & Gamble Polihidroksi yagli asit amidi ve esas itibariyle suda cözünmeyen etoksile edilmis primer alifatik alkol iceren camasir yikama deterjani bilesimleri.
US5395543A (en) * 1991-09-30 1995-03-07 Berol Nobel Ab Freeflowing alkaline detergent, and agents for the preparation thereof
US5288431A (en) * 1992-06-15 1994-02-22 The Procter & Gamble Company Liquid laundry detergent compositions with silicone antifoam agent
WO1994009099A1 (en) * 1992-10-13 1994-04-28 The Procter & Gamble Company Fluid compositions containing polyhydroxy fatty acid amides
US5571781A (en) * 1992-10-13 1996-11-05 The Procter & Gamble Company Non-aqueous liquid detergent compositions
CN1047617C (zh) * 1992-10-13 1999-12-22 普罗格特-甘布尔公司 液体预混物及制备含有该液体预混物的液体洗衣洗涤剂的方法
US5648329A (en) * 1992-10-13 1997-07-15 The Procter & Gamble Company High active premix based on polyhydroxy fatty acid amides for use in detergent compositions
US5736503A (en) * 1992-11-30 1998-04-07 The Procter & Gamble Company High sudsing detergent compositions with specially selected soaps
DE4326958A1 (de) * 1993-08-12 1995-02-16 Henkel Kgaa Hautpflegemittel
DE4326959A1 (de) * 1993-08-12 1995-02-16 Henkel Kgaa Hautpflegemittel
JP3408290B2 (ja) 1993-09-02 2003-05-19 花王株式会社 新規硫酸エステル、その塩及びその製造法、並びに該硫酸エステル又はその塩を含有する洗浄剤組成物
US5510049A (en) * 1993-09-09 1996-04-23 The Procter & Gamble Company Bar composition with N-alkoxy or N-aryloxy polyhydroxy fatty acid amide surfactant
US5698046A (en) * 1993-09-09 1997-12-16 The Procter & Gamble Comapny Automatic dishwashing detergent with alkoxy or aryloxy amide surfactant
US5489393A (en) * 1993-09-09 1996-02-06 The Procter & Gamble Company High sudsing detergent with n-alkoxy polyhydroxy fatty acid amide and secondary carboxylate surfactants
US5500150A (en) * 1993-09-09 1996-03-19 The Procter & Gamble Company Solidified detergent additive with n-alkoxy polyhydroxy fatty acid amide and alkoxylated surfactant
US5512699A (en) * 1994-01-25 1996-04-30 The Procter & Gamble Company Poly polyhydroxy fatty acid amides
US5669984A (en) * 1994-01-25 1997-09-23 The Procter & Gamble Company Method for hand washing dishes containing polyhydroxy amines
US5534197A (en) * 1994-01-25 1996-07-09 The Procter & Gamble Company Gemini polyhydroxy fatty acid amides
US5500153A (en) * 1994-07-05 1996-03-19 The Procter & Gamble Company Handwash laundry detergent composition having improved mildness and cleaning performance
EP0919608A1 (de) * 1997-11-25 1999-06-02 The Procter & Gamble Company Verwendung einer Polyhydroyfettsäureamidverbindung als Weichmacherverbindung
WO1999027045A1 (en) * 1997-11-25 1999-06-03 The Procter & Gamble Company Use of a polyhydroxy fatty acid amide compound as a softening compound
US20030236339A1 (en) * 2002-02-11 2003-12-25 Edizone, Lc Invert sugar bubbles
US6943198B2 (en) * 2002-02-11 2005-09-13 Edizone, Lc Invert sugar bubbles
ES2249175A1 (es) * 2004-09-08 2006-03-16 M. Jose Roldan Herrero Composicion de jabon para lavar con poder suavizante.
ES2249175B1 (es) * 2004-09-08 2008-06-01 M. Jose Roldan Herrero Composicion de jabon para lavar con poder suavizante.

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DE1767413A1 (de) 1971-09-09
ES357207A1 (es) 1970-03-01

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