US3653899A - Photographic materials and processes - Google Patents

Photographic materials and processes Download PDF

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US3653899A
US3653899A US775165A US3653899DA US3653899A US 3653899 A US3653899 A US 3653899A US 775165 A US775165 A US 775165A US 3653899D A US3653899D A US 3653899DA US 3653899 A US3653899 A US 3653899A
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dye
group
nucleus
nuclei
silver halide
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John A Haefner
Paul B Gilman Jr
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Eastman Kodak Co
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Eastman Kodak Co
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C5/00—Photographic processes or agents therefor; Regeneration of such processing agents
    • G03C5/58—Processes for obtaining metallic images by vapour deposition or physical development
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
    • G03C1/72—Photosensitive compositions not covered by the groups G03C1/005 - G03C1/705
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
    • G03C1/72—Photosensitive compositions not covered by the groups G03C1/005 - G03C1/705
    • G03C1/73—Photosensitive compositions not covered by the groups G03C1/005 - G03C1/705 containing organic compounds

Definitions

  • direct positive images can be obtained by exposing non-silver halide photosensitive materials comprising physically developable nuclei associated with a photosensitive substance which, on exposure to actinic radiation, forms a desensitizing agent that renders the exposed nuclei inert.
  • a direct positive image is obtained at the non-exposed nuclei by physical development.
  • Hanson, Jr. et al. U.S. Pat. No. 3,320,064, issued May 16, 1967, describe a photosensitive composition comprising a light sensitive organic azide compound, silver nuclei and a thioether photographic coupler. When exposed to light, the organic azide reacts with the thioether coupler to release a composition which deactivates the silver nuclei in exposed areas.
  • a direct positive image is obtained on physical development. While this system has proven quite useful in providing direct positive images by physical development, a simpler and more efficient physical development system would be desirable.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide photographic elements comprising direct positive photosensitive compositions.
  • a further object of this invention is to provide photographic materials and processes which yield high image resolution.
  • Still another object of this invention is to provide a novel direct positive photographic physical development process.
  • nonsilver halide direct positive photographic materials which comprise physically developable nuclei having adsorbed thereto an organic dye which is an electron acceptor. On imagewise exposure, such materials provide good direct positive images by physical development.
  • photographic elements comprising a support having coated thereon a photosensitive material comprising physically developable nuclei having an electron accepting organic dye adsorbed thereto.
  • a novel photographic process comprises physically developing an exposed photographic material comprising physically developable nuclei having adsorbed thereto an organic dye which is an electron acceptor.
  • the photographic materials and processes of this invention employ physically developable nuclei.
  • Physically developable nuclei are well known in the art, and frequently consist of dispersed particulate matter which function as centers for physical development.
  • the term physically developable nuclei is a word of art, and refers to materials which are active sites for the deposition of metal ions, e.g., a metal complex such as a silver complex.
  • the organic electron accepting dye apparently destroys the ability of the nuclei to promote physical development in just those areas where the dye has been exposed to actinic radiation.
  • nucleating agents can consist of particles of any of the heavier metals, such as gold, palladium, platinum and silver, including colloidal sulfides and selenides of the metals of Groups l-B, ll-B, IV-B, VIII of the Periodic Table, such as zinc, cadmium, nickel and so forth.
  • Metallic particles such as titanium particles, for example in the form of titanium dioxide, palladium particles, and silver particles such as Carey Lea silver particles provide particularly good results in the practice of the present invention.
  • the physically developable nuclei typically have an average particle size in the range up to 0.5 micron and preferably from about 0.001 micron to about 0.25 micron.
  • the physical development nuclei in accordance with the invention can be coated on a support in extremely thin layers. Concentrations of physically developable nuclei of about 10" moles per square foot provide highly useful results. Ranges of about 0.005 to 10 mg. per square foot, and preferably from about 0.02 to 0.5 mg. persquare foot, physically developable nuclei can be used.
  • the electron accepting organic dyes which are employed in this invention include cyanine, rnerocyanine and benzylidene dyes which contain a desensitizing nucleus; and desensitizing dyes such as pyrylium, thiapyrylium, and selenapyrylium.
  • test negative gelatin silver bromoiodide emulsion the halide consisting of 99.35 mole percent bromide and 0.65 mole percent iodide, at a concentration of 0.2 millimole of dye per mole of silver halide, desensitize the emulsion more than 0.4 log lE when the test emulsion is coated on a support, exposed through a step wedge in a sensitometer (to obtain D,,,,,,) to light having a wavelength of 365 nm., processed for three minutes at 20 C. in Kodak developer D-l9, and is fixed, washed and dried.
  • test negative silver bromoiodide emulsions are prepared as follows:
  • the dyes employed in this invention desensitize conventional negative silver halide emulsions. Such emulsions are inherently sensitive to blue radiation. The present dyes reduce that sensitivity. In addition, these dyes fail to provide practical spectral sensitization for such emulsions. Therefore, it was quite unexpected to find that they spectrally sensitized photonucleating coatings.
  • the dyes useful herein are electron accepting dyes. They have an anodic polarographic half-wave potential and a cathodic half-wave polarographic potential which, when added together algebraically, give a positive sum.
  • polarographic measurements are made in accordance with the following procedure. Cathodic polarographic half-wave values are obtained against an aqueous silver-silver chloride reference electrode for the electrochemical reduction of the test dye using controlledpotential polarographic techniques.
  • a l X M methanol solution of the test dye is prepared. The solvent is 100 percent methanol, if the dye is soluble therein.
  • spectral sensitizing dyes operable in this invention include those dyes which contain oxidizable ions, such as iodide. For example, many dyes which are iodide salts are useful herein.
  • this invention is applicable to spectral sensitization of photonuclear coatings or layers with certain cyanine, merocyanine, benzylidene and pyrylium type dyes which also function as electron acceptors.
  • cyanine dye as used herein, is to be construed broadly as inclusive of simple cyanines, carbocyanines, dicarbocyanines, tricarbocyanines, etc. containing a desensitizing nucleus.
  • the term includes symmetrical nd unsymmetrical cyanine dyes, as well as chain-methine-substituted dyes. Also included are the reaction products of bromine and certain simple cyanine sensitizing dyes.
  • Cyanine dyes useful herein feature the amidiniumion chromophoric system. See Mees and James, The Theory of the Photographic Process published by the MacMillan Company (1966) page 201.
  • the term merocyanine is also used broadly, and includes dyes which are characterized by the amidic chromophoric system. See Mees and James, supra, pages 201 and 218.
  • the term pyrylium type" dye in the above text refers broadly to pyrylium salts, thiapyrylium salts and selenapyrylium salts.
  • desensitizing nucleus refers to those nuclei which, when converted to a symmetrical cyanine dye and added to a gelatin silver chlorobromide emulsion containing 40 mole percent chloride and 60 mole percent bromide, at a concentration of from about 0.01 to 0.2 g. dye per mole of silver, cause at least an percent loss in the blue speed of the test emulsion when it is sensitometrically exposed and developed three minutes at 20 C. in Kodak developer D-l9, the composition of which is given above.
  • the desensitizing nuclei are those which, when converted to a symmetrical carbocyanine dye and tested as described above, essentially completely desensitize the test emulsion to blue radiation. Substantially complete desensitization, as used herein, results in at least a percent, and preferably a percent loss of speed to blue radiation.
  • Desensitizing nuclei which are especially effective herein include 5- to 6-membered nitrogen containing heterocyclic nuclei of the type used in cyanine dyes having a nitro substituent; imidaZo[4,5-b]quinoxaline nuclei; and 2-aromatically substituted indole nuclei. Other desensitizing nuclei arev the nitro substituted aryl nuclei used in the benzylidene type dyes of this invention.
  • One highly useful class of dyes which may be used in this invention includes cyanine and merocyanine dyes which contain the desensitizing imidazo[4,5-b1quinoxaline nucleus.
  • Typical useful cyanine dye salts of this class comprise two nuclei joined together by methine linkage, one of the nuclei being an imidazo[4,5-b]quinoxaline nucleus which is joined through the Z-carbon atom thereof to the methine linkage, and a second nucleus to complete the cyanine dye.
  • the second nucleus of such dyes contains a heterocyclic nitrogen atom and the methine linkage is part of a polyene chain containing an equal number of alternating single and double bonds, one terminal carbon atom of the polyene chain being the 2-carbon atom of an imidazo[4,5 b]quinoxaline nucleus, the other terminal carbon atom of the polyene chain being in the second nucleus and attached to a heterocyclic nitrogen atom.
  • the second nucleus in these dyes is also a desensitizing nucleus.
  • merocyanine dyes comprising two nuclei joined together through an acyclic methine group which is part of a polyene chain containing an equal number of alternating single and double bonds, one of the terminal atoms of the polyene chain being the 2-carbon atom of an imidazo-[4,5-b]quinoxaline nucleus, the other terminal carbon atom of the polyene chain being in a heterocyclic ring of a second nucleus and attached to an extracyclic carbonylic oxygen atom.
  • cyanine dyes comprising two imidazo[4,5-b1quinoxaline nuclei joined together through a polyene chain containing an equal number of alternating single and double bonds, the terminal carbon atoms of the polyene chain being the 2-carbon atoms, respectively, of the imidazo-[4,5-b]quinoxaline nuclei.
  • the polyene chain of these dyes is composed of five carbon atoms.
  • Preferred classes of dyes featuring an imidazo[4,5-b1-quinoxaline nucleus include those represented by the following general formulas:
  • nuclei wherein represents the atoms required to complete a heterocyclic nucleus containing atoms in the heterocyclic ring, 3 of said atoms being carbon atoms, 1 of 5 IV.
  • R, R, and X are as previously defined and R represents a member selected from an alkyl group of from 1-4 carbon atoms, e.g., methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, secbutyl, etc., or benzyl, phenylethyl.
  • such dyes are produced by heating a mixture of a quaternary salt of above Formula IV with the appropriate intermediate.
  • the reaction mixtures are heated to advantage in any of the suitable solvents used in dye synthesis including solvents such as ethanol, propanol, dioxane, pyridine, quinoline, and the like, at temperatures up to the reflux temperature of the mixture.
  • the reaction is carried out in the presence of a basic condensing agent such as a pyridine or a tertiary amine, e.g., trimethylamine, triethylamine, tri-n-propylamine, tri-nbutylamine, N-methylpiperidine, N-ethylpiperidine, N,N,- dimethylaniline, N,N-diethylaniline, etc.
  • a basic condensing agent such as a pyridine or a tertiary amine, e.g., trimethylamine, triethylamine, tri-n-propylamine, tri-nbutylamine, N-methylpiperidine, N-ethylpiperidine, N,N,- dimethylaniline, N,N-diethylaniline, etc.
  • the symmetrical cyanine dyes of Formula I are prepared to advantage by heating a mixture of a compound of Formula IV (in which R is methyl) with diethoxymethyl acetate (forms carbocyanine), trimethoxypropene (forms dicarbocyanine), l-anilino-5-phenylimino-l ,3-pentadiene hydrochloride (forms tricarbocyanine), etc., preferably in a solvent and in the presence of a basic condensing agent such as mentioned above, if desired.
  • the unsymmetrical cyanine dyes of Formula II are prepared advantageously by heating a mixture of a compound of Formula IV (in which R is methyl) with a compound of the formula:
  • R L, X and Z are as previously defined, g and q each represents a positive integer of from 1 to 2, R represents an aryl group of from 67 carbon atoms, e. g., phenyl, p-tolyl, etc., and R represents an alkyl group of from 1-12 carbon atoms. This is preferably carried out in a suitable solvent and in the presence of a basic condensing agent.
  • Merocyanine dyes such as those of Formula III, are made to advantage by heating a mixture of a compound of Formula IV (in which R is methyl) with a compound of the formula:
  • Q is as defined previously and W represents the group wherein p represents a positive integer of from 1 to 2 and L, R, and R are as previously defined.
  • Typical specific useful dyes containing the imidazo-[4,5-b] quinoxalinium nucleus include 1,1,3,3-tetraethylimidazo- [4,5-b]quinoxalinocarbocyanine chloride; l,1',3 ,3 tetraethyl-imidazo[4,5-b]quinoxalinodicarbocyanine chloride; l,3,3'-triethylimidazo[4,5-b]quinoxalinooxacarbocyanine iodide; 1,3 ,3 '-triethylimidazo 4,5-b lquinoxalinothiacarbocyanine iodide; 1,3-diethyl-1 ',3 ,3- trimethylimidazo[4,5-b]quinoxalinoindocarbocyanine iodide; l,3-diethyl-3'-methylimidazo [4.5-bl-quinoxalinothia
  • the imidazo[4,5-b]quinoxaline nucleus can be substituted, for example, with halogen (such as monoor dichloro, monoor dibromo) nitro, or with a fused ring.
  • halogen such as monoor dichloro, monoor dibromo
  • cyanine dyes which feature a 2-aromatically substituted indole nucleus attached to the methine chain of the cyanine dye by the 3-carbon atom of the indole nucleus. Dyes of this type are described by Coenen et al. U.S. Pat. No. 2,930,694 issued Mar. 29, 1960; British Pat. No. 970,601 and Litzerman et al. Belgian Pat. No. 695,365 granted Sept. 11, 1967, and U.S. Pat. application Ser. No. 609,764, filed Jan. 17, 1967.
  • These dyes include trimethine cyanine dyes which feature two 2-aromatically substituted indole nuclei each joined by the 3-carbon atom thereof to the respective terminal carbon atoms of the trimethine chain.
  • Such dyes include, for example, bis( 1-methyl-2-phenyl-indole-3 )-trimethine cyanine bromide.
  • unsymmetrical dyes having first and second nuclei joined by methine linkage, one nucleus being a 2-aromatically substituted indole nucleus, and the second nucleus being a heterocyclic nucleus to complete the dye.
  • the indole nucleus of such dyes is attached to the methine chain of the dye through the 3-carbon atom of the inwherein D represents a 2-aromatically substituted indole nucleus attached to the methine chain through the 3-carbon atom of the indole nucleus; L represents a methine linkage; and, Y represents a desensitizing nucleus.
  • a preferred desensitizing nucleus is an imidazo[4,5-b]quinoxaline nucleus attached, through the 2-carbon atom thereof, to the methine chain.
  • Spectral sensitizing dyes of this type can be prepared using any of the methods generally used for preparing such dyes.
  • One convenient method involves refluxing, in a suitable solvent, a carboxaldehyde derivative of a 2-aromatically substituted indole with an alkyl substituted quaternary salt of a compound containing the desired desensitizing nuclei.
  • a 2-aromatically substituted indole-3-carboxaldehyde can be refluxed in a solvent such as acetic anhydride with a 2-alkylimidazo[4,5-b1quinoxalinium salt or a 2-alkylene pyrrolo-[2,3-b]pyridine compound to provide the desired dye.
  • the substituent in the 2-position of the indole nucleus may be any suitable aromatic group, such as a phenyl nucleus, which can contain various groups such as alkyl (e.g., methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, etc.) alkoxy (e.g., methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy, etc.) halogens such as bromine, fluorine, or chlorine, as well as aryl such as naphthyl or phenyl.
  • alkyl e.g., methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, etc.
  • alkoxy e.g., methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy, etc.
  • halogens such as bromine, fluorine, or chlorine
  • aryl such as naphthyl or phenyl.
  • useful dyes of this class are those having the following formula:
  • L represents a methine group and R and R each represents a value selected from those given for R above; Z is selected from the values given for Z above; p represents an integer of from 1 to 2; and, Ar represents an aromatic substituent such as phenyl or those referred to above.
  • dyes of the cyanine salt type comprise first and second 5- to -membered nitrogen containing heterocyclic nuclei of the type used in cyanine dyes joined together by methine linkage at the 2-carbon atoms thereof, at least one of said nuclei being substituted by a nitro group.
  • the merocyanine dyes (Formula X below) comprise first and second 5- to G-membered nitrogen containing heterocyclic nuclei joined together by methine linkage; the first of said nuclei being a ketomethylene nucleus of the type used in merocyanine'dyes joined at a carbon atom thereof to said linkage; and said second nucleus being of the type used in cyanine dyes having a nitro substituent thereon and joined at a carbon atom thereof to said linkage, to complete said dye.
  • Typical dyes of this class are represented by the formulas:
  • R R R each is independently selected from a value given for R above; Z Z and Z each represents a value given for Z above; at least one of 2;, and Z and at least one of Z and Q contains a nitro group; Q has a value given for Q above; 3, j and h each represents a positive integer of from 1 to 2, k represents a positive integer of from 1 to 3; X represents an acid anion; and, L represents a methine group.
  • a typical dye of this class is 3,3'-diethyl-6,6-dinitrothiacarbocyanine salt.
  • Another useful class of dyes which can be employed in the practice of this invention are the cyanine dyes which feature a trifluoromethyl group either in the nucleus or the chain.
  • Representative dyes of this class can be represented by Formula IX above wherein an L group represents the substituent:
  • the most useful dyes of this class are those wherein a hydrogen atom in the methine chain of the cyanine dye is replaced with a trifluoromethyl group.
  • the cyanine dye can be a simple cyanine, a dicarbocyanine or a tricarbocyanine.
  • Expecially useful dyes are the meso-trifluoromethyl substituted carbocyanines.
  • Dyes of this class preferably contain a nucleus such as those derived from benzimidazole, benzoxazole, benzothiazole, benzoselenazole or indole.
  • Typical dyes of this class are represented by the formula:
  • L represents a methine group
  • O has the previously defined value
  • Ar represents a nitro substituted aryl group, e.g., m-nitrophenyl, p-nitrophenyl, a nitronaphthyl, etc.
  • Another useful class of dyes which can be employed in this invention are the electron accepting cyanine dyes having at least one methine group wherein the hydrogen atom thereof is replaced with a chlorine, bromine or iodine atom, such as the dyes described in Belgian Pat. No. 695,354 of Sept. 1 l, 1967, and Gilman et al. US. Pat. Application Ser. No. 607,734 filed Jan. 17, 1967. Best results are obtained with the monomethine cyanine dyes, such as the reaction product of bromine with a l,l'-diethyl-2,2-cyanine dye salt or a l',3-diethylthia-2- cyanine dye salt.
  • Still another class of dyes useful in the practice of this invention include pyrylium, thiapyrylium and selenapyrylium compounds and more particularly those represented by the following formula:
  • A represents an oxygen, sulfur or selenium atom
  • X represents an acid anion which has no adverse effects on the emulsion, e.g., chloride, bromide, iodide, thiocyanate, sulfamate, perchlorate, p-toluenesulfonate, methyl sulfate, ethyl sulfate, fluoroborate, sulfoacetate, borofluoride, trifluoroacetate, etc.
  • R, R", and R' each represents an alkyl group including substituted alkyl (preferably a lower alkyl containing from 1-4 carbon atoms), e.g., methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, hexyl, cyclohexyl, decyl, dodecyl, benzyl, phenethyl, a styryl group such as styryl,
  • Typical dyes coming under the definition of Formula Xll above include; for example, 2,-di-p-methoxyphenyl-4-phenylpyrylium fluoroborate; 2,6-bis-(p-anisyl)-4-(p-n-amyloxyphenyl)pyrylium perchlorate; 2-(p-n-amyloxyphenyl) 4,6- diphenylpyrylium fluoroborate;
  • the organic electron accepting dyes can be adsorbed onto the physically developable nuclei in any convenient manner.
  • a dispersion can be formed of the physically developable nuclei in a suitable hydrophilic colloid, the organic dye can be mixed therewith and the resulting composition can be coated onto a suitable support and dried.
  • a dispersion of physically developable nuclei can be dispersed in a hydrophilic colloid and coated on a suitable support and the resulting coating can be dipped in a suitable solution of the dye, or a solution of the dye can be swabbed, brushed or sprayed over the coating.
  • binderless vacuum amyloxyphenyl thiapyrylium deposited coatings of physically developable nuclei When binderless vacuum amyloxyphenyl thiapyrylium deposited coatings of physically developable nuclei are utilized, it is convenient to dip the support having the physical developable nuclei thereon into a suitable solution of the dye, or by swabbing, brushing or spraying the dye solution onto the binderless coating of physically developable nuclei.
  • the term physical developer is used herein as a word of art. It refers to materials which contain a source of reducible metal and a reducing agent which causes the reducible metal to be deposited on a particular site.
  • Physical development may be conducted in accordance with the practice of this invention with any suitable metal.
  • Silver is highly useful in preparing images in the physical development process.
  • other metals are known for use in physical development and can be used in place of silver.
  • Metals which are members of electromotive scale below hydrogen are used most commonly for physical development and they include copper, arsenic, antimony, platinum, gold, mercury, silver and the like.
  • an imagewise exposed element can be contacted with the emulsion side of a conventional negative photographic silver halide emulsion previously wetted with a conventional photographic developer modified by the inclusion therein of a silver halide solvent, such as sodium thiosulfate. After contacting for a brief time, the two layers are separated and a positive silver image is produced in the unexposed regions of the layer containing the physically developable nuclei. Exposed regions of the layer are essentially free from any silver image.
  • a silver halide solvent such as sodium thiosulfate
  • the exposed material comprising physically developable nuclei is immersed in a physical developer solution comprising silver halide, a conventional silver halide developing agent, and silver halide solvent. At the time required to obtain sufficient density, usually several minutes, the element is removed to obtain a direct positive silver image.
  • the binder for the above photonucleating coating compositions is not critical since practically any water permeable colloid known for use in silver halide photography can be used such as gelatin, carboxymethylcellulose, zein, albumin, various synthetic resins such as polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, acrylic resins, and the like. Although the concentration of the binder can vary over a wide range, it has been found that quite useful coating compositions are prepared wherein the binder is present in the range up to about percent by weight of the total coating melt.
  • the wet thickness of the coatings can be in the range of about from 0.001 to about 0.01-inch with a preferred wet thickness in the range from about 0.003 to about 0.006-inch. Thicker coatings can also be employed without detracting from the invention.
  • Suitable support materials for preparing the light sensitive photographic elements of the invention include cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate propionate, cellulose nitrate, polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene terephthalate, paper, metal, glass, and the like.
  • any of the known silver halide emulsions may be used in contact with the light sensitive, exposed, silver-dye complex emulsion, such as silver chlorobromide, silver chloroiodide, silver chlorobromoiodide, silver bromide, and silver bromoiodide.
  • any of the usual developing agents can be used in the developer compositions such as N-monomethyl-p-aminophenol sulfate; dihydroxybenzene; hydroquinone, p-phenylenediamine developers; hydroquinone compounds (e.g., chlorohydroquinone, dichlorohydroquinone, bromohydroquinone, etc.); 1- phenyl-3-pyrazolidone and its derivatives; triaminophenols; and the like.
  • Silver halide solvents for use in the physical developing process of the invention include alkali metal thiosulfates, ammonium thiosulfate, alkali metal thiocyanate, ammonium thiocyanate, sodium sulfite, etc.
  • a photonucleating coating is prepared as follows: To ml. of 5 percent gelatin add:
  • Coatings of above dispersion having a 0.004-inch wet thickness are made on a cellulose triacetate film support to give a coverage of approximately 2.6 mg. Ag N0 per square foot, 400 mg. of gelatin per square foot, and 0.065 mg. of dye per square foot.
  • a step tablet exposure is given by exposing the coating 15 seconds to a IOO-watt Tungsten lamp at a distance of 3 feet.
  • the coating is then immersed for 2 minutes in a solution of the dye-l,l'-diethyl-2,2-cyanine sulfate which had been reacted with bromine-pyrrolidone complex to produce a light sensitive blue colored solution.
  • the dyed coating is then dried and given a stepped exposure perpendicular to the first exposure and processed by contacting with an unexposed fine grain silver chlorobromide film previously soaked for 3 seconds in a developer solution of the composition:
  • the mixture of the above two solutions results in the conversion of the previously red colored solution of the dye (absorption max 540 ,u.) to a blue colored solution (absorption max 590 u).
  • the blue form of the dye is light-sensitive and should be prepared and used only in total darkness to prevent spontaneous decomposition.
  • EXAMPLE 2 The process of above Example 1 is repeated, except that the dye solution in this instance is the reaction product of l, 3- diethylthia-2-cyanine iodide and bromine-pyrrolidone complex.
  • the results are generally similar to those of Example 1, e.g., a high density direct positive line image of excellent quality is likewise obtained.
  • EXAMPLE 3 This example illustrates the production of a direct positive silver image by preforming metallic nuclei latent images in a titanium dioxide layer and incorporating an electron acceptor such as a brominated dye into the system, followed by exposure and development in a solution physical developer. The following coating was prepared in the light.
  • a dispersion of finely divided titanium dioxide in 50 ml. of water is stirred with 50 ml. of 10 percent gelatin solution at 40 C.
  • To 10 ml. of the dispersion is added 0.1 ml. of 0.1 N Ag N ml. of water and 0.3 ml. of percent formaldehyde solution and a coating made at 0.002 in. wet thickness on polyethylene-coated paper.
  • a metallic nuclei latent image is formed in the titanium dioxide by the action of light in preparing the coating.
  • the above prepared coating layer comprised:
  • EXAMPLE 4 the sensitizing dye is incorporated into the nuclei containing composition and the mixture coated onto a suitable support material. This element is then exposed and developed to a positive image by solution physical development. All operations are carried out under red safelights.
  • a sample of the above prepared dyed light sensitive element is given a spectrograph exposure of 2 minutes at a slit width of 10 mm. on a monochrometer and then developed 2 minutes in Developer 2 (composition of which is shown in Example 3 herein) at room temperature. Excellent direct positive spectral response is shown.
  • EXAMPLE 5 This example is generally similar to that of preceding Example 4, except that the titanium dioxide is omitted. All operations in this example are carried out under red safelights.
  • a dispersion is prepared with 30 ml. of aqueous 1.0 percent silver nitrate and 350 ml. of aqueous 4.3 percent gelatin in a 40 C. bath.
  • the melt temperature of this dispersion is raised from 40 C. to 55 C. at a rate of 1.7 C. per minute and then held 2 minutes at 55 C. before lowering the pH to 4.75, and lowering the temperature to 40 C.
  • a 20 ml. aliquot of this melt is mixed with 13 ml. of the brominated dye solution described in above Example 3 and the mixture is coated 4.7 ml. per square foot on polyethylene coated paper to give a coverage of L6 mg. of silver per square foot and 2.7 mg. per square foot of the brominated dye.
  • a sample of the above prepared light sensitive element is given a spectrograph exposure of 2 minutes at a slit width of 10 mm. on a monochrometer and then developed in Developer 2 (composition of which is given in above Example 3) at room temperature. An excellent direct positive spectral response is obtained.
  • EXAMPLE 6 This example illustrates the use of evaporated silver nuclei physical development sites.
  • EXAMPLE 7 By the same procedure (Example 6 above) a direct positive evaporated palladium in place of evaporated silver.
  • the coating coverage in this example is approximately 0.15 mg. of palladium per square foot having an average particle diameter size of about 20 A. or less.
  • EXAMPLE 8 The procedure of above Example 7 is repeated, except that a coating of palladium nuclei, prepared by-reducing palladium chlorate with hypophosphite, in a terpolymer of acrylic acid, acrylonitrile and vinylidene chloride in gelatin (25 percent of monomer in gelatin) is applied on a polyethylene-coated paper using a 4-minute photoflood exposure at a distance of 6 inches, followed by developing(at 20 C.) in Developer 2 (composition of which is given in above Example 3 for 1 minute. An excellent direct positive image is obtained.
  • the coating coverage in that example is approximately 0.04 mg. palladium per square foot of average particle diameter size of about 50 A. or less.
  • brominated dye solution employed in above Examples 4 to 9
  • a solution of other dyes such as, for example, S-m-nitrobenzylidene rhodanine; 1,3-diethyl-l'-methyl-2'-phenylimidazo[ 4,5-b]quinoxolino-3-indolocarbocyanine iodide; 3-ethyl-lmethyl-2-phenyl6'-nitro-3-indolothiacarbocyanine iodide; and the like.
  • carbocyanine dyes can be used in any of the mentioned salt forms, e.g., the chloride, bromide, perchlorate, p-toluenesulfonate, etc. salts, which likewise function effectively as electron acceptors and spectral sensitizers in the systems of the above examples.
  • the nuclei can be combined with the electron accepting dye either by mixing solutions of the two and coating them or by coating the nuclei alone and then imbibing the dye.
  • EXAMPLE 9 In this example a pyrylium type dye such as defined in Formula VIII above is employed as an electron acceptor and spectral sensitizer for preparing a Carey Lea Silver (CLS) for diffusion transfer physical development.
  • CLS Carey Lea Silver
  • Colloidal silver having an average diameter of from 50 to 70 A. is prepared by a modified CLS technique (M. Carey Lea, Kall. Zeitschrift, 13, 180 1913).
  • a gelatin coating of above CLS is prepared. This is applied over a gelatin pad (which contains 475 mg. of gelatin per square foot) in such thickness as to give a coverage of 25 mg. of gel and approximately 0.4 mg. of silver per square foot.
  • the above CLS coating is sensitized by bathing it for 30 seconds in a solution which contains 0.1 g. per liter of the thiapyrylium dye.
  • the images formed by physical development are silver or palladium-silver.
  • other metals are known for use in physical development and can be used for the same purposes as silver by the appropriate substitution of metallic salts.
  • Metals which are members of the electromotive scale below hydrogen are those which are most commonly employed for this purpose and include copper, mercury, platinum, gold, and the like. The use of these metals to form images is within the scope of this invention.
  • a non-silver halide direct positive photographic material comprising non-silver halide physically developable nuclei having adsorbed thereto an organic dye which is an electron acceptor.
  • a non-silver halide direct positive photographic material comprising non-silver halide physically developable nuclei having an average diameter of up to about 0.5 micron, said nuclei having adsorbed thereto an organic dye which is an electron acceptor having an anodic polarographic halfwave potential and a cathodic polarographic half halfwave potential which, when added together, give a positive sum.
  • a non-silver halide direct positive photographic material 0 comprising non-silver halide physically developable nuclei having adsorbed thereto an electron accepting dye selected from the group consisting of (l) a methine dye containing a desensitizing nucleus selected from the group consisting of (a) a 5- to 6-membered nitrogen containing heterocyclic nucleus of the type used in cyanine dyes having a nitro group substituted on a carbon atom thereof (b) an imidazo[4,5-b]quinoxaline nucleus and (c) a 2-arylindole nucleus; (2) a benzylidene dye comprising a ketomethylene nucleus of the type used in merocyanine dyes joined by methine linkage to a nitro substituted aryl group; (3) a cyanine dye having at least one methine group wherein the hydrogen atom thereof is replaced with a halogen atom selected from the group consisting of chlorine, bromine and iod
  • a non-silver halide direct positive photographic material comprising non-silver halide physically developable nuclei selected from the group consisting of silver, titanium and palladium nuclei, said nuclei having adsorbed thereto an electron accepting dye selected from the group consisting of (l) a methine dye containing a desensitizing nucleus selected from the group consisting of (a) a 5- to 6-membered nitrogen containing heterocyclic nucleus of the type used in cyanine dyes having a nitro group substituent on a carbon atom thereof; (b) an imidazo[4,5-b]quinoxaline nucleus and (c) a 2-arylindole nucleus; (2) a benzylidene dye comprising a ketomethylene nucleus of the type used in merocyanine dyes joined by methine linkage to a nitro substituted aryl group; (3) a cyanine dye having at least one methine group wherein the hydrogen atom thereof is replaced with a
  • a photographic element comprising a support having graphic material comprising non-silver halide physical 5 coated thereon a non-silver halide direct positive photodevelopment sites of heavy metal nuclei having an average graphic material comprising non-silver halide physically particle diameter less than about 0.25 having adsorbed thereto developable nuclei having adsorbed thereto an organic dye a dye selected from the group consisting of the reaction which is an electron acceptor. product of bromine and a monomethine cyanine dye salt, and 9.
  • a photographic element comprising a support having a dye selected from those having one of the following formu- 10 coated thereon a non-silver halide direct positive photo las: graphic material comprising non-silver halide physically developable nuclei having adsorbed thereto an electron accepting dye selected from the group consisting of l) a N N N N l 5 methine dye containing a desensitizing nucleus selected from x the group consisting of (a) a 5- to o-membered nitrogen con- T taining heterocyclic nucleus of the type used in cyanine dyes having a nitro group substituted on a carbon atom thereof; (b) an imidazo[4,5-b1quinoxaline nucleus and (c) a 2-arylindole X nucleus; (2) a benzylidene dye comprising a ketomethylene R nucleus of the type used in cyanine dyes joined by methine N linkage to a nitro substituted aryl
  • a direct positive photographic material comprising 1 physically developable Carey Lea silver having adsorbed N thereto the electron accepting dye 2,6-Bis(p-methoxyphenyl)- :0 T )3 4-(p-pentyloxyphenyl)thiapyrylium perchlorate.
  • a methine dye containing a desen- R sitizing nucleus selected from the group consisting of (a) a 5- to 6-membered nitrogen containing heterocyclic nucleus of the type used in cyanine dyes having a nitro group substituted on a carbon atom thereof; (b) an imidazo[4,5-b1quinoxaline 6 nucleus; and (c) a 2-arylindole nucleus (2) a benzylidene dye A comprising a ketomethylene nucleus of the type used in merowwfiq I g cyanine dyes joined by methine linkage to a nitro substituted wherein n represents a positive integer of from 1 to 4; d and k aryl group; (3) a cyanine dye having at least one methine each represents a positive integer of from
  • A represents an atom selected from the group consist- 13.
  • Z, Z Z Z and 2 each represents the non-metallic an imagewise exposed photographic element comprising a atoms required to complete a heterocyclic nucleus of the type support having coated thereon physically developable Carey used in cyanine dyes containing from 5 to 6 atoms in the Lea silver having adsorbed thereto the electron accepting dye heterocyclic ring; and Q, Q, and Q each represents the non- 2,6-Bis(p-methoxyphenyl)-4-(p-pentyloxyphenyl)thiapyrylimetallic atoms required to complete a ketomethylene nucleus u p c at is phy ically d p d with a Comp sition comprising silver chloride and sodium thiosulfate.

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  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Non-Silver Salt Photosensitive Materials And Non-Silver Salt Photography (AREA)
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4089647A (en) * 1976-03-18 1978-05-16 Ciba-Geigy Ag Process for the dyeing of paper material
WO2006014279A3 (en) * 2004-07-02 2007-05-24 Footzee Inc Therapeutic abrasive sponge

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JPS62114246U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1986-01-10 1987-07-21

Citations (8)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2717833A (en) * 1952-05-12 1955-09-13 Sperry Rand Corp Direct positive emulsions
US3109736A (en) * 1962-04-06 1963-11-05 Horizons Inc Light-sensitive merocyanine dye base compositions
US3149970A (en) * 1959-01-10 1964-09-22 Agfa Ag Production of photographic silver images by physical development
US3250615A (en) * 1961-10-23 1966-05-10 Eastman Kodak Co Light-sensitive layers containing pyrylium and thiapyrylium salts
US3314796A (en) * 1962-04-11 1967-04-18 Agfa Ag Direct positive emulsions
US3320064A (en) * 1963-03-19 1967-05-16 Eastman Kodak Co Non-silver halide light sensitive materials
US3384485A (en) * 1961-12-08 1968-05-21 Du Pont Silver halide emulsions photosolubilized with optical sensitizing dyes and silver mercaptides
US3446619A (en) * 1964-11-16 1969-05-27 Eastman Kodak Co Radiation sensitive silver-dye complexes

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2717833A (en) * 1952-05-12 1955-09-13 Sperry Rand Corp Direct positive emulsions
US3149970A (en) * 1959-01-10 1964-09-22 Agfa Ag Production of photographic silver images by physical development
US3250615A (en) * 1961-10-23 1966-05-10 Eastman Kodak Co Light-sensitive layers containing pyrylium and thiapyrylium salts
US3384485A (en) * 1961-12-08 1968-05-21 Du Pont Silver halide emulsions photosolubilized with optical sensitizing dyes and silver mercaptides
US3109736A (en) * 1962-04-06 1963-11-05 Horizons Inc Light-sensitive merocyanine dye base compositions
US3314796A (en) * 1962-04-11 1967-04-18 Agfa Ag Direct positive emulsions
US3320064A (en) * 1963-03-19 1967-05-16 Eastman Kodak Co Non-silver halide light sensitive materials
US3446619A (en) * 1964-11-16 1969-05-27 Eastman Kodak Co Radiation sensitive silver-dye complexes

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4089647A (en) * 1976-03-18 1978-05-16 Ciba-Geigy Ag Process for the dyeing of paper material
WO2006014279A3 (en) * 2004-07-02 2007-05-24 Footzee Inc Therapeutic abrasive sponge

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DE1956667A1 (de) 1970-06-04
FR2023080A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1970-08-07
SE369785B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-09-16
CA967051A (en) 1975-05-06
BR6914103D0 (pt) 1973-01-18
GB1290372A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-09-27
BE741585A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1970-04-16

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