US3652404A - Devolitilizing process using rabbles and forming devices for conveying materials - Google Patents

Devolitilizing process using rabbles and forming devices for conveying materials Download PDF

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Publication number
US3652404A
US3652404A US888698A US3652404DA US3652404A US 3652404 A US3652404 A US 3652404A US 888698 A US888698 A US 888698A US 3652404D A US3652404D A US 3652404DA US 3652404 A US3652404 A US 3652404A
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United States
Prior art keywords
hearth
windrow
rabbles
bed
forming devices
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Expired - Lifetime
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US888698A
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English (en)
Inventor
Robert E Schilson
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Marathon Oil Co
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Marathon Oil Co
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Publication date
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
    • F27B9/14—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment
    • F27B9/16—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment the charge moving in a circular or arcuate path
    • F27B9/18—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment the charge moving in a circular or arcuate path under the action of scrapers or pushers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B49/00—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated
    • C10B49/02—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with hot gases or vapours, e.g. hot gases obtained by partial combustion of the charge
    • C10B49/04—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with hot gases or vapours, e.g. hot gases obtained by partial combustion of the charge while moving the solid material to be treated
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B7/00—Coke ovens with mechanical conveying means for the raw material inside the oven
    • C10B7/02—Coke ovens with mechanical conveying means for the raw material inside the oven with rotary scraping devices

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to distillation, processes, thermolitic of the general sort classified in class 201 of the United States Patent Office and relates generally to subclass 18 (utilizing apparatus of particular compositions), and in preferred embodiments, to sub-class 27 thereof (including burning of vaporized product).
  • U.S. Pat. No. 3,227,627 relates to methods for heat treatment of material which yields oxidizable volatile matter under heat;
  • U.S. Pat. No. 3,448,012 relates to a concentric partition utilized in a rotating furnace in which material is moved across the surface of the hearth by means of rabbles;
  • British Pat. No. 1,055,857 of which U. S. Pat. application Ser. No. 432,197 filed Jan.
  • the present invention offers apparatus and means for providing a maximum of heat transfer into a bed within a furnace which is heated by heat radiating from the interior of a chamber located above the hearth of said furnace.
  • This maximizing of heat transfer is highly useful to provide both high throughput of treated product per hour of operation and also to provide high uniformity of treated product.
  • the present invention reduces the possibility of underheated material or overheated material passing through the furnace.
  • the devices and processes of the present invention are useful with a wide variety of feed materials, e.g., non-carbonaceous materials such as lime, dolomite, cement rock, calcium oxide, various carbonate sulfates and chlorides, and also,
  • carbonaceous materials including so-called non-caking coals, anthracite coal, wood products, green petroleum coke, pellets or briquets containing controlled percentages of bituminous coking coal, fluid petroleum coke, and delayed petroleum coke.
  • the invention is particularly preferred for the calcining of so-called raw or green" delayed petroleum coke to remove volatile matter.
  • Materials which yield oxidizable volatile matter on heating are particularly preferred because these permit the volatile matters to be oxidized in the chamber above the hearth to provide all or a portion of the heat required for the devolatization and other treatment of the material disposed on the hearth.
  • the material to be heated is first placed upon the hearth at a delivery point.
  • the hearth is continuously moving relative to the rabbles and forming devices discussed later. Either the hearth may be moving, the rabbles and forming devices may be moving, or both may be moving at speeds which are sufficiently different to cause substantial relative motion between the hearth on the one hand and the rabbles and forming devices on the other.
  • the material deposited on the hearth is contacted by a first rabble which forms it into a windrow, having a substantially triangular-cross-section.
  • the base angles of the windrows will normally correspond to the angle of repose of the material being treated.
  • a forming device then makes contact only with an upper portion of the triangular-cross-section of the windrow. This forming device will deflect material from the upper portion so as to truncate the cross section of the windrow and reduce its average depth.
  • the truncated window so formed will then rest substantially undisturbed upon the hearth until substantial movement of the hearth relative to the rabbles has occurred.
  • the windrow will lie undisturbed for approximately one full revolution of the hearth.
  • the windrow is contacted by a second rabble which causes all or most of the material in the windrow to be transported a short distance across the hearth to form a new windrow which is somewhat closer to the discharge point at which the residuum of treated material is eventually removed from the hearth.
  • the new windrow will usually be separated from the old windrow by a furrow, that is, a V-shaped declevity.
  • the new windrow is then contacted by a second forming device similar to the first, which deflects material from the upper portion of the new windrow, truncating it and deflecting material into the adjacent furrows.
  • a second forming device similar to the first, which deflects material from the upper portion of the new windrow, truncating it and deflecting material into the adjacent furrows.
  • FIG. 1 is a section view of a preferred rotary hearth furnace according to the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional detail showing the rabbles and forming devices of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a plan view showing schematically the positioning of the rabbles and forming devices in the furnace of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 4a is a cross-sectional view of a windrow after it has been formed by a rabble.
  • FIG. 4b is a cross-sectional view of a windrow after it has been truncated by the action of a forming device.
  • FIG. 1 shows a furnace having a rotary hearth 10 with an inner hearth surface 11 sloping from the outer periphery downwardly to a central axially extending soaking pit 12 integral with and depending from the hearth 10.
  • the rotary hearth is supported on spaced rollers 13 mounted on a furnace frame 14.
  • the hearth is rotated by a motor and a rack and pinion drive in a conventional manner for rotary hearth furnaces.
  • a curb 15 extends vertically above the hearths surface 11 at its outer periphery and carries a waterseal l6 filled with water 17. Sand, fluid coke, or similar pulverized material can be used instead of water, if preferred.
  • the furnace frame 14 carries roof beams which support a cast refractory roof 21 having a central flue 22.
  • the roof 21 has a depending wall 23 carrying flange 24 which extends into the water 17 carried in waterseal 16.
  • the roof 2] is provided with wickets or nozzles 25 which receive air from duct 26 mounted on the furnace frame 14.
  • the ports 25 direct gases gently downward toward the hearth.
  • Side walls 23 of the roof are provided with ports 27 receiving air from duct 28.
  • the ports 27 direct air across the hearth in a radial direction.
  • Burners are provided in the roof of the inner chamber to bring the furnace to operating temperature and to provide additional heat for those reactions which are not completely autogenetic.
  • a feed chute 30 passes through the roof 21 adjacent the side wall 23 and is provided with a vertically adjustable delivery end 31 extending to point adjustably selected to deliver a selected thickness of feed onto hearth surface 11.
  • a radially extending U-shaped rabble pit 32 (shown in FIG. 2) is formed in the roof and extends radially from the flue 22 to the roof wall 23. The bottom of this pit 32 is provided with slots adapted to slidably receive rabbles 34 and forming devices 35. Rabbles 34 and forming devices 35 may be solid or of hollow platelike structure with inner vertical baffles depending upon the temperature involved.
  • Each baffle is provided with inlet and outlet coolant conduits which also act as supports for the rabbles and forming devices. Coolant such as water or air is delivered to the inlet and into forming device 35 on one side of the baffle and then under the baffle to the opposite side of the forming device and out through the outlet pipe 37 (not shown).
  • Refractory seals 38 are provided on conduits 36 and 37 to fit into slot 33.
  • the conduits 36 and 37 are held between two angular forming device holders which are held together by bolts.
  • the forming device holders 39 and 40 are fastened between adjustable carrier angle beams and by bolts. Vertical adjustment screws are provided at each end of each adjustable carrier beam. These screws bear on fixed forming device beams which extend across the rabble and forming device pit 32 and serve to vary the clearance between the lower end of the rabbles 34 and the upper surface ofthe hearth 11.
  • a rotary discharge table is provided beneath the soaking pit 12 to receive the output of the furnace.
  • a fixed discharge spout or plow 51 is mounted in frame 14 between the soaking pit l2 and discharge table 50.
  • Spout 51 is provided with a peripheral trough 52 carrying sand 53 into which a depending flange 54 on the soaking pit extends to form a seal.
  • the operation of the furnace described above is as follows.
  • the burners are fired to bring the furnace up to the desired temperature which depends upon the nature of the material being devolatilized or calcined.
  • Material to be treated is fed through feed chute 30 and is continuously spread to the desired thickness and width along the outer periphery of hearth surface 11.
  • the material encounters the rabbles 34.
  • Each rabble deflects material striking it into the next adjacent concentric windrow ring so that the flow of material from the the periphery of the hearth surface 11 to the soaking pit 12 is generally in spiral concentric ringlike windrows, each of greater width so that as the diameter of the ringlike windrows becomes smaller, the area becomes greater providing a uniform maximum depth.
  • each forming device deflects material from the top of the triangular-cross-section windrow formed by the rabble and thus truncates the triangular-cross-section.
  • the material from the upper portion of the windrow is deflected into the previous (or next) adjacent furrow.
  • the concentric spiral ringlike windrows are diagrammatically illustrated in FIG. 3, together with the relative position of each rabble and each forming device with respect to the windrows.
  • the rabbles tend to cause mixing and inversion of the bed several times as the material moves downwardly from the hearth periphery to the soaking pit. This permits more uniform heating and provides a more uniform product.
  • the temperature during devolatilization of the coke in this particular preferred embodiment is maintained at approximately 2400 F by adjusting the inflow of air so as to oxidize all of the volatile combustible matter which is driven off from the material lying on the hearth.
  • the invention is, of course, capable of operating over a wide range of temperatures which will be selected according to the raw material being fed and the treatment to which it is to be subjected.
  • the forming devices may be set so as to cause the bed to be thinner at some points, e.g., near the discharge point where the material will generally need to experience its highest temperature.
  • Multiple rabbles or forming devices can be arranged along the windrow to successively partially move or form a single windrow in stages.
  • a continuous process for removing volatile matter from material which yields such volatile matter under heat comprises continuously delivering such material at a delivery point onto a continuously moving substantially imperforate hearth having substantially no discontinuities, continuously removing residuum from the continuously relatively moving hearth at a discharge point and subjecting said material to heat radiating downward from the interior surface of a chamber at least a portion of which is above said hearth, and transporting material toward said discharge point by the action of at least one rabble depending downward into said material, said rabble being disposed to form said material into a windrow extending the direction of the relative motion of said hearth, said windrow having substantially triangular cross section and having an adjacent furrow, the improvement comprising, in combination:

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Tunnel Furnaces (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
  • Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
  • Heat Treatments In General, Especially Conveying And Cooling (AREA)
  • Auxiliary Methods And Devices For Loading And Unloading (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
  • Mixers With Rotating Receptacles And Mixers With Vibration Mechanisms (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
US888698A 1969-12-29 1969-12-29 Devolitilizing process using rabbles and forming devices for conveying materials Expired - Lifetime US3652404A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US88869869A 1969-12-29 1969-12-29

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US3652404A true US3652404A (en) 1972-03-28

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Country Status (7)

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US (1) US3652404A (de)
JP (1) JPS4939576B1 (de)
CA (1) CA929886A (de)
DE (1) DE2047826C3 (de)
ES (1) ES384685A1 (de)
FR (1) FR2074290A5 (de)
GB (1) GB1272880A (de)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5810580A (en) * 1996-11-22 1998-09-22 Techint Technologies Inc. Mixing rabble for a rotary hearth furnace
US6447713B1 (en) * 1998-01-28 2002-09-10 Sidmar N.V. Rotating-hearth furnace for reduction of metallic oxides
CN109592450A (zh) * 2018-12-06 2019-04-09 上海金山环境再生能源有限公司 一种垃圾焚烧发电的废渣清理系统

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3105073A1 (de) * 1981-02-12 1982-09-09 Metallgesellschaft Ag, 6000 Frankfurt Drehherdofen

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US985053A (en) * 1910-08-04 1911-02-21 James Noad Apparatus for distilling shale and other bituminous substances.
US2676006A (en) * 1951-01-10 1954-04-20 Warren S Martin Continuous furnace for converting material
US2997426A (en) * 1959-11-02 1961-08-22 Mansfield Vaughn Method for continuous production of coke and heat
US3448012A (en) * 1967-02-01 1969-06-03 Marathon Oil Co Rotary concentric partition in a coke oven hearth
US3470068A (en) * 1966-10-12 1969-09-30 Salem Brosius Inc Methods and apparatus for the continuous treatment of non-caking coal and other discrete materials
US3475286A (en) * 1965-01-04 1969-10-28 Salem Brosius Inc Rotary heat treating oven

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US985053A (en) * 1910-08-04 1911-02-21 James Noad Apparatus for distilling shale and other bituminous substances.
US2676006A (en) * 1951-01-10 1954-04-20 Warren S Martin Continuous furnace for converting material
US2997426A (en) * 1959-11-02 1961-08-22 Mansfield Vaughn Method for continuous production of coke and heat
US3475286A (en) * 1965-01-04 1969-10-28 Salem Brosius Inc Rotary heat treating oven
US3470068A (en) * 1966-10-12 1969-09-30 Salem Brosius Inc Methods and apparatus for the continuous treatment of non-caking coal and other discrete materials
US3448012A (en) * 1967-02-01 1969-06-03 Marathon Oil Co Rotary concentric partition in a coke oven hearth

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5810580A (en) * 1996-11-22 1998-09-22 Techint Technologies Inc. Mixing rabble for a rotary hearth furnace
US6447713B1 (en) * 1998-01-28 2002-09-10 Sidmar N.V. Rotating-hearth furnace for reduction of metallic oxides
CN109592450A (zh) * 2018-12-06 2019-04-09 上海金山环境再生能源有限公司 一种垃圾焚烧发电的废渣清理系统
CN109592450B (zh) * 2018-12-06 2020-09-08 上海金山环境再生能源有限公司 一种垃圾焚烧发电的废渣清理系统

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES384685A1 (es) 1973-07-16
JPS4939576B1 (de) 1974-10-26
DE2047826A1 (de) 1971-07-01
GB1272880A (en) 1972-05-03
CA929886A (en) 1973-07-10
DE2047826C3 (de) 1975-04-17
DE2047826B2 (de) 1974-08-29
FR2074290A5 (de) 1971-10-01

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