US3652196A - Floating torcher with permeable gas conduit for underwater oil fields - Google Patents

Floating torcher with permeable gas conduit for underwater oil fields Download PDF

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Publication number
US3652196A
US3652196A US79788A US3652196DA US3652196A US 3652196 A US3652196 A US 3652196A US 79788 A US79788 A US 79788A US 3652196D A US3652196D A US 3652196DA US 3652196 A US3652196 A US 3652196A
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United States
Prior art keywords
torch
casing
float
water
chimney
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Expired - Lifetime
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US79788A
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English (en)
Inventor
Henri A Marion
Pierre P Orieux
Francisco M Serrano
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Total Compagnie Francaise des Petroles SA
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Compagnie Francaise des Petroles SA
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B41/00—Equipment or details not covered by groups E21B15/00 - E21B40/00
    • E21B41/005—Waste disposal systems
    • E21B41/0071—Adaptation of flares, e.g. arrangements of flares in offshore installations
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/01—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells specially adapted for obtaining from underwater installations
    • E21B43/0122—Collecting oil or the like from a submerged leakage

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A torch assembly for burning gases collected at the head of an underwater well which incorporates a thin permeable conduit made from lightweight, inexpensive material for conducting the gases to the water surface.
  • One end of the conduit is secured to a hood placed above the gas outlet and anchored to the ocean bottom and the other end is attached to a chimney structure mounted on a float.
  • the float structure includes regulating means for separating the gas from the water and for assuring a continuous flow and combustion of the gas.
  • the gas can be diffused through any kind of apparatus arranged at the ocean bottom, but this solution, which can be employed only at very shallow depths, entails the inconvenience of producing a flame that is unstable in bad weather and the extinction of which may involve risk of major accidents.
  • the primary purpose of this invention is to provide an economical standard torch lamp for the conducting of the gas collected at the head of an underwater oil well to the surface and the combustion thereof, characterized by the fact that the torch lamp utilizes a buoy resting on the bottom below the water surface, which is equipped with a gas diffuser, a waterpermeable casing whose lower portion is connected to said buoy, and a float connected to the upper portion of the casing, said float incorporating an interior passage for channeling the gas conducted through the casing and having a funnel mounted on the top thereof above the water surface for the combustion of the gas.
  • a second advantage is represented by the fact that the gas, in the course of its rise to the surface, has a very slight tendency, if any, to pass through the walls of the casing or sheath, in spite of their permeability, thereby enabling the casing or sheath to constitute a preferred route of the gas which, by virtue of this fact, is channeled up to the combustion opening where it is burned.
  • the float can be connected to three tables oriented at an angle of 120 apart, for example, and suitably anchored.
  • the casing or sheath is attached to the buoy in order to keep the float below the surface of the water so as to make it invulnerable to the action of the waves.
  • the upper metallic portion is extended upwardly by means of a pipe or funnel to form a chimney, where the height of the opening above the surface of the water is sufficient to prevent its immersion, even in heavy seas.
  • a recovery hood is provided on the upper portion of the casing.
  • Another purpose of the invention is to provide a standard torch lamp of the type indicated, whose permeable casing ends at a point several meters below the surface of the water, said casing being connected, atits upper portion, to a completely submerged float which incorporates a'central tubular passage for the placement of a pipe or chimney whose upper opening,- which' is situated several meters above-the water surface, serves for the evacuation and combustion of the gas conducted by said casing, andthelower portion of said chimney is in the shape of a hood surrounding the upper portion of the casing.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide a standard torch lamp of the type mentioned above, incorporating,.in the v portion of the chimney between the float and the water-surface, a diaphragm with an adjustable opening and, in the upper portion of the casing, a horizontal plate-which breaks up .the rising energy ofthe water that is movedalong with the gas.
  • the purpose of such a combination is to prevent-the frame from becoming unstable as a result of the water being moved upwardly along by the gases.
  • the horizontal plate arranged at the top of the casing, in effect enables a first .decantation of the water to be obtained and the gases to escape into the chimney after having gone around this plate.
  • a diaphragm with an adjustableopening a certain volume of gas can be accumulated in'the hood situated above the casing. This prevents any continuous or discontinuous movement of the water in the chimney.
  • Another objective of the invention is to provide a torch lamp of the type mentioned above, further incorporating a skirt that extends the outside wall of the float and is connected to the periphery of the hood.
  • the advantage of such a construction resides in the fact that it increases the inertia of the system and that it avoids any abrupt variations in the attitude of the float and of the chimney.
  • Another purpose of the invention is to provide a torch lamp of the type mentioned above, in which the upper end of the permeable casing is connected, by means of chains, to a swivel-hook which is attached to the upper portion of the a hood in the axis of the chimney, the upper portion of the skirt being equipped with a series of openings, enabling the average level of the water-gas separation surface to be stabilized at a predetermined height inside the skirt, and the center of the passage of the system to be moved into the vicinity of the point of attachment of the casing.
  • Another purpose of the invention- is to provide a torch lamp of this type where the stability thereof is further improved by surrounding the lower portion of the skirt with a counterweight so as to lower the center of gravity.
  • the existence of the skirt not only provides benefits by increasing the inertia of the system but also by maintaining the center of gravity very much below the center of thrust.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a torch lamp of the above type, providing further, a device for the control of the degree of opening of said diaphragm, by utilizing a pilot device connected to the control device and submerged in the vicinity of the float in order to respond to the variations in water pressure, so that any increase in water pressure, is detected by said pilot device, which, in turn, furnishes a servomotion which brings about a reduction in the opening of the diaphragm, while a reduction in the pressure inversely brings about an increase in the opening of the diaphragm.
  • This setup enables the effects of pressure variations due to a heavy swell as well as the resonance phenomena possible in the course of repeated cycles of pressure variations to be avoided, effects which involve the risk of causing untimely reentry of water into the chimney, thus extinguishing the flame.
  • the pressure increase detected in depth enables the decrease in the opening of the diaphragm to be automatically controlled, so that the water Ievel,-.which would have a tendency to rise in order to, reach thechimney, is immediately pushed back down by the counterpressure of the gas which increases by virtue of the decrease in the opening of the diaphragm.
  • Another purpose of the invention is to provide. a torch lamp of the above type, incorporating, in its upper portion, an antisplash tap-nozzle, surrounded by a wind-break, said windbreak supporting an assembly carrying iron wires constituting hot points for instantaneous re-lighting.
  • the anti-splash nozzle is installed at the top of the chimney and enables any projection of water capable of still being moved along in small quantity by the gases to be blocked.
  • the anti-splash nozzle is surrounded by a wind-break and the base of the flame whose upper portion constantly heats the iron wires arranged on the carrier assembly is stabilized. As a result, if the flame should be extinguished, the gases reaching the wires, which are still hot, are once again spontaneously ignited.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a torch lamp in which each end of the casing is attached by means of a clamp to a rigid cylindrical piece, a series of cables being extended inside the casing between the fixation attachment mounted on each of said cylindrical pieces. It is thus possible to use flexible casings with very little thickness, since the traction effort, exerted by the float, is supported by the cables. These casings thus can be several hundred meters long.
  • an economical, stable, and highly reliable and safe torch lamp which will resist the swell and bad weather, and is capable of collecting the gases coming from an underground well at unusual depths, in excess of several hundred meters.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic representation, in cross section, of a floating torch lamp after installation
  • FIGS. 20 and 2b are, respectively, cross section views of the upper and lower portions of one and the same torch lamp, especiallyadapted to resist the effects of the swell;
  • FIG. 3 is an axial cross section of the conduit of the standard lamps in FIGS. 1 and 2b, for channeling the collected gases toward the surface;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic elevation view of a torch lamp equipped with an automatic gas-flow rate regulating device
  • FIG. 5 is an axial cross section view of the automatic gasflow regulating device of FIG. 4;
  • FIG. 6 is a cross section view along section VI-VI in FIG. 5, and
  • FIG. 7 is an axial cross section view of the automatic control for the gas flow regulating device.
  • the torch lamp illustrated in a schematic form in FIG. 1, may be used in calm water.
  • This torch lamp is made up essentially of a permeable casing 1, shown in greater detail in FIG. 3, the chief characteristic of which is that it is light in weight.
  • the casing must resist the ocean water andthe hydrocarbons, as well as the attacks from the marine flora.
  • the material used for making the casing may, for example, be
  • neoprene a polyester, a' polyethylene, or any other material which serves as a buoy for the assembly, receives the gases to' be burned through pipeline 4 and, in its upper portion, in-
  • Hood 2 is provided with three retainingchains 6 which are connected, by means of a link, to a screw-eye, mounted in the center of tripod 5.
  • the upper portion of the hood is provided with an attachment clamp shown schematically at 7, making it possible to attach the permeable casing.
  • FIG. 3 is a detail view of .the structure of the casing.
  • the latter may be a woven polyester sheet I, kept open by metal circles or bands 8, attached by any suitable means, either to the sheet, by screws through the sheet, for example, or. by' a plurality of cables 9 attached'to hood 2, with the help of cable end clamps, for example.
  • the attachment of each cable may involve the useof a core eyelet 9a, attached 'to the wall of hood 2 by means of a pipe welded upon the wall and on which the eyelet is engaged. It is held in place by a washer and a bolt 90.
  • the cable passes into the neck of the eyelet, and its free end is flanged and kept tightly clamped .together'with galvanized stirrups or straps which are held together by a series of cap screws 9b.
  • the casing 1 is folded around a toric pipe 10.
  • the portion of the casing thus folded is surrounded by a band of neoprene having a certain thickness and the tube 10, thus covered, is placed on a clamp 10a, against which the assembly is retained by means of a section steel piece 10b which is maintained against said assembly by means of a plurality of bolts, which are tightened to obtain an assembled structure.
  • the characteristics of the above-mentioned torch are improved by replacing the surface buoy 12 with a floatsubmerged at a depth of several meters, as shown at 14 in FIG. 2b.
  • This float has a central opening, permitting the passage of chimney 15, whose conical lower portion forms a hood for the channeling of the gases and whose upper portion, seen in FIG. 2a, emerged several meters above the water surface 16, escapes the highest swell and serves as a burner.
  • a horizontal plate 17, surrounded by wind-break l8, enables the last quantities of water moved along by the gas to be eliminated.
  • a fixture made up of three vertical rods 19, dis tributed symmetrically above wind-break 18, supports bars 20, to which are attached iron wires 21
  • the heat released by the flame is sufficient to rapidly bring the bulk of the wires 21 to a temperature which will spontaneously re-ignite the gases, if the flame has, in some way, been accidentally put out.
  • the bulk or mass of wires 21 is also designed to be sufficient to store a volume of heat sufficient so that one simple dash of water, reaching the flame, will not prevent the gases from reigniting because of possible excessive cooling of the wires.
  • a diaphragm made up of two plates 22 pivoting around an axis 23 is provided in the non-submerged portion of chimney l5 and in the vicinity of the water surface level 16.
  • the upper ends of these plates may be moved more or less closer to each other with the help of an adjusting screw 24, cooperating with a connecting mechanism, not shown here, in order to obtain a more or less large passageway for the gases.
  • Rigid cylindrical piece 32 carries the supports 33a of a plate 33, seen in FIG. 2b, serving to break up the gas jet coming from the casing and to start the separation of the gas and the water that is brought along.
  • a skirt 34 incorporating in its upper portion, openings 35, is connected to the lower portion of the hood of the chimney and to the periphery of the float by a clamp 36.
  • the skirt 34 has, at its base, a rim 37 which is filled with a ballast weight 38.
  • the lower hood 2 of casing 1 is connected by three chains 40 to the lugs of a ring 41 attached to a screw-eye 42a of a tripod 42 attached to caisson 43.
  • This caisson 43 has a connecting pipe 44 for the entry of the gases and a nozzle 45. It is made heavy with the help of chains or any other kind of weight, such as concrete, scrap iron, etc., as in the case of the torch lamp in FIG. 1.
  • the opening of the diaphragm is reduced to a minimum with the help of control screw 24 so as to accumulate the gases in the chimney.
  • the gas pressure then progressively pushes the water level to the base ofthe chimney and then into the skirt.
  • the moment the gas escapes from the skirt through openings 35, the diaphragm is opened so that the water level will be stabilized and maintained at the top of these openings.
  • the gas-flow rate at openings 35 can be further reduced by more or less closing off these openings with the help of plates, such as those at 46.
  • the buoy 43 is lowered and attached at the desired place, and the casing l is lowered and placed down on the bottom.
  • a diver then attaches the chains 40, which are attached to the lower metal hood 2, to the ears of ring 41 of screw-eye 42a of tripod 42.
  • Float 14, with skirt 34 and its chimney 15, is placed in the water after it has been weighted by filling it partly with water.
  • the float is equipped with two valves 47 and 48.
  • compressed air is introduced into float 14 through valve 47, and the assembly is lowered into a reclining position, by the side of the end of the casing.
  • a diver then connects the swivel 30, attached to portion 32 supporting the casing by chains 3] to chain 29 of the float.
  • valve 48 is slowly opened, the compressed air in the float drives out the water.
  • the float begins to rise from the bottom, all the diver has to do is to close valve 48 again.
  • the diver can place the casing 1 under slight tension by continuing the emptying of the float by means of the renewed opening of valve 48.
  • the length of chain 29, connecting the float to the connection piece 32 of the casing may thus be regulated if necessary with the help of shackles and with the help of threaded rod 25.
  • the diaphragm of chimney 15 is equipped with a control member 49, seen in FIG. 4, for bringing about more or less opening of the diaphragm as a function of the pressure prevailing in the vicinity of the float.
  • a pilot device 50 which responds to the water pressure variations due to the swell is used.
  • Member 49 is connected to device 50 by connection link 51.
  • Members 49 and 50 may be any kind of control mechanism that will perform the desired function. .It will be understood that the'devices shown in FIGS. 5-7 are given here only by way of example.
  • an inflatable ring-shaped chamber positioned within the chimney can be used on a diaphragm.
  • This chamber consists of a cylindrical metal clip 52, shown in FIG. 5, having two toroidal rings 53 welded to its ends.
  • a rubber membrane 54, whose ends are turned back toward the toroids 53, is held by two collars 55, fastened at 56 by bolting.
  • a support piece 57 serves to attach the assembly to the lower portion 59 of the chimney by means of clamp 60 and to the upper portion 61 by means of clamp 62.
  • Three rods 63, stiffened by pieces 64 are welded at 65 and are threaded in their upper portions in order to hold in place rubber membrane 54 with the help of clamp 66 and nuts 67.
  • a passage 68 from which branches off a pipe 69, transverses piece 57 at 70 in a sealed manner, and serves to feed an inflating fluid.
  • a space is provided between rods 63 and membrane 54 in order to permit the passage of the inflating fluid.
  • FIG. 6 which shows the cross section Vl--VI in FIG. 5 along a plane perpendicular to the axis of the chimney, two positions of membrane 54 are illustrated, one of them being 71, when the pressure of the inflating fluid has a certain value, the other one being 72 when the pressure of the fluid has a greater value.
  • Tube 69 is connected to connection piece 73 of pilot device 50, shown in FIG. 7, in the form of a simple membrane jack which is used as a pressure multiplier.
  • the device essentially involves a piston 74, bearing membrane 75. The latter is kept attached to the jacket 76 with the help of a flange made up of the membrane and engaged between clamp 77 and yoke 78, attached to the clamp by bolting.
  • Piston 74 includes a second piston 79, which has a smaller diameter and which slides ,in a jacket 80, pushing against membrane 81. The edge of this membrane is held tightly between clamp 82 and yoke 83.
  • the space between jacket 76 and pistons 74 and 79 is kept practically at constant pressure and at a pressure equal to atmospheric pressure by connecting the volume thus defined to an additional enclosure 85 by means of a conduit 84.
  • the pilot device connected by conduit 69 to the chamber included between membrane 54 and clip 52 in FIG. 5, is placed in the ocean in the vicinity of the float and constitutes one body with the torch, so that the pressure of the water, penetrating through opening 86 of yoke 78, in FIG. 7, into the space between yoke 78 and membrane 75, acts upon piston 74, pushing membrane back, thus moving the piston 79 which has the smaller diameter.
  • the output of the device can also be increased by reducing the pressure prevailing in enclosure 85.
  • the pilot device in FIG. 7 is made in one body with the torch and any variation in the height of the water column to the right of the opening 86 is expressed by a movement of pistons 74 and 7Q and, consequently, by a variation in the cross section of the diaphragm.
  • the pressure inside the skirt increases, compressing the gases which then have a tendency to escape more rapidly while, at the same time, the water level inside the skirt tends to rise.
  • the increase in the pressure of the fluid in chamber 87 brings about the transmission of a certain volume of fluid into the lobes of membrane 54 of the diaphragm, thus reducing the cross section of the-passage for the gases.
  • the small volume of gas filtering through openings 35 could also be channeled so as to lead toward the flame of the torch.
  • a torch for theconduction and combustion of gas collected at the head of an underwater oil well comprising, a buoy resting on the bottom of the ocean water, said buoy being equipped with a gas diffuser, a water-permeable casing whose lower portion is connected to said buoy and a float connected to the upper portion of the casing, said float including an inside passage for the channelling of the gas moved along by the casing and being surmounted by a funnel chimney for the combustion ofgas.
  • a torch as in claim 1 wherein the float is completely submerged several meters below the surface of the water, said chimney being extended by several meters above the water, the diameter of said chimney being smaller than that of the float.
  • a torch as in claim 8, further comprising a means for controlling the degree of opening of said diaphragm, a pilot means connected to the control means and immersed in the vicinity of the float to respond to the water pressure variations, whereby, any increase in .water pressure, detected by said pilot device, furnishes a servo-motion bringing about the decrease in the opening of the diaphragm, while a drop in'the pressure inversely brings about an increase in the opening of the diaphragm.
  • a torch as in claim 10, wherein the diaphragm is comprised of three lobes of an elastic membrane situated inside a cylinder, the diaphragm being controlled by the introduction of an inflating fluid into the chamber delimited by said membrane and the cylinder, said introduction leading to the reduction of the interior space existing between the lobes and being produced by said immersed pilot device comprising a water pressure amplifier in the vicinity of the enclosure, the output of the amplifier being connected by a rigidconduit to said chamber delimited by the membrane and the cylinder.
  • a torch as claimed in claim 1, wherein said casing comprises, a metal portion at each of its ends to which it is connected by clamp means, said pieces supporting a series of fastenings between which are stretched cables supporting the stress engendered by said float and said buoy, a series of metal 14.
  • the casing is made of I woven polyethylene sheet.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
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  • Fire-Extinguishing By Fire Departments, And Fire-Extinguishing Equipment And Control Thereof (AREA)
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US79788A 1969-10-10 1970-10-12 Floating torcher with permeable gas conduit for underwater oil fields Expired - Lifetime US3652196A (en)

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FR6934682A FR2062092A5 (fr) 1969-10-10 1969-10-10

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3902843A (en) * 1973-03-22 1975-09-02 Coflexip Flare for burning gas
US3920378A (en) * 1973-01-16 1975-11-18 Inst Francais Du Petrole Floating burner apparatus for submarine petroleum installations
US4268245A (en) * 1978-01-11 1981-05-19 Combustion Unlimited Incorporated Offshore-subsea flares
US20090142141A1 (en) * 2007-11-30 2009-06-04 Frank's Casing Crew And Rental Tools, Inc. Caisson System
US20180034193A1 (en) * 2015-02-11 2018-02-01 Saipem S.A. Method For Connecting Cables Of A Pipeline Unit Section To Be Vertically Joined To A Subsea Pipeline For Transporting Fluids

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE790646A (fr) * 1971-10-29 1973-02-15 Erap Installation pour la separation de fond des effluents des puitsproducteurs d'un champ petrolier marin
WO1981000875A1 (fr) * 1979-09-19 1981-04-02 J Dupont Dispositif pour capter le petrole s'echappant accidentellement d'une nappe de petrole sous-marine
FR2477218A1 (fr) * 1979-10-24 1981-09-04 Grandin Daniel Appareil anti-" maree noire " ou appareil de captation et d'evacuation du flux d'un jaillissement sous-marin d'hydrocarbure issu d'un forage sous-marin accidente
FR2473615A1 (fr) * 1979-11-16 1981-07-17 Inst Francais Du Petrole Dispositif antipollution pour puits petrolier immerge, comprenant un organe adapte a venir coiffer la tete du puits

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US926475A (en) * 1908-06-06 1909-06-29 Safety Car Heating & Lighting Acetylene-gas buoy.
US2894269A (en) * 1956-05-04 1959-07-14 Buoys Inc Off-shore gas flare line, and anchor and float therefor

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US926475A (en) * 1908-06-06 1909-06-29 Safety Car Heating & Lighting Acetylene-gas buoy.
US2894269A (en) * 1956-05-04 1959-07-14 Buoys Inc Off-shore gas flare line, and anchor and float therefor

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3920378A (en) * 1973-01-16 1975-11-18 Inst Francais Du Petrole Floating burner apparatus for submarine petroleum installations
US3902843A (en) * 1973-03-22 1975-09-02 Coflexip Flare for burning gas
US4268245A (en) * 1978-01-11 1981-05-19 Combustion Unlimited Incorporated Offshore-subsea flares
US20090142141A1 (en) * 2007-11-30 2009-06-04 Frank's Casing Crew And Rental Tools, Inc. Caisson System
WO2009073464A1 (fr) * 2007-11-30 2009-06-11 Frank's International, Inc. Système de caisson
US7967065B2 (en) 2007-11-30 2011-06-28 Frank's Casing Crew And Rental Tools, Inc. Caisson system
US20180034193A1 (en) * 2015-02-11 2018-02-01 Saipem S.A. Method For Connecting Cables Of A Pipeline Unit Section To Be Vertically Joined To A Subsea Pipeline For Transporting Fluids
US10658785B2 (en) * 2015-02-11 2020-05-19 Saipem S.A. Method for connecting cables of a pipeline unit section to be vertically joined to a subsea pipeline for transporting fluids

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FR2062092A5 (fr) 1971-06-25
NL7014799A (fr) 1971-04-14
GB1282182A (en) 1972-07-19

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