US3651352A - Oscillatory circuit for ultrasonic cleaning apparatus - Google Patents

Oscillatory circuit for ultrasonic cleaning apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US3651352A
US3651352A US96771A US3651352DA US3651352A US 3651352 A US3651352 A US 3651352A US 96771 A US96771 A US 96771A US 3651352D A US3651352D A US 3651352DA US 3651352 A US3651352 A US 3651352A
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Prior art keywords
winding
circuit
oscillatory circuit
coupled
set forth
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Expired - Lifetime
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US96771A
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English (en)
Inventor
William L Puskas
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Branson Ultrasonics Corp
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Branson Ultrasonics Corp
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B3/00—Cleaning by methods involving the use or presence of liquid or steam
    • B08B3/04—Cleaning involving contact with liquid
    • B08B3/10—Cleaning involving contact with liquid with additional treatment of the liquid or of the object being cleaned, e.g. by heat, by electricity or by vibration
    • B08B3/12—Cleaning involving contact with liquid with additional treatment of the liquid or of the object being cleaned, e.g. by heat, by electricity or by vibration by sonic or ultrasonic vibrations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
    • B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
    • B06B1/00—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
    • B06B1/02—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy
    • B06B1/0207—Driving circuits
    • B06B1/0223—Driving circuits for generating signals continuous in time
    • B06B1/0238—Driving circuits for generating signals continuous in time of a single frequency, e.g. a sine-wave
    • B06B1/0246—Driving circuits for generating signals continuous in time of a single frequency, e.g. a sine-wave with a feedback signal
    • B06B1/0253—Driving circuits for generating signals continuous in time of a single frequency, e.g. a sine-wave with a feedback signal taken directly from the generator circuit
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
    • B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
    • B06B2201/00—Indexing scheme associated with B06B1/0207 for details covered by B06B1/0207 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • B06B2201/50—Application to a particular transducer type
    • B06B2201/55—Piezoelectric transducer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
    • B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
    • B06B2201/00—Indexing scheme associated with B06B1/0207 for details covered by B06B1/0207 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • B06B2201/70—Specific application
    • B06B2201/71—Cleaning in a tank

Definitions

  • a high-efficient oscillatory circuit drives a piezoelectric 58 Fieid 259 7 crystal (transducer) which is coupled to an ultrasonic cleaning 259/72 33 l 16 158 5 1 tank.
  • the circuit includes a transistor switching means in the 130 driver side of the oscillator.
  • References Cited cuit having a resonant frequency which is a multiple even integer of the resonant frequency of the crystal which is coupled to the transformer secondary winding.
  • the present invention refers to an oscillatory circuit for an ultrasonic cleaning apparatus and, more specifically, has reference to a simplified electronic circuit for driving an ultrasonic cleaning apparatus, particularly, an ultrasonic cleaning apparatus of the smaller type as used, for instance, in the laboratory, jewelry repair shops, home workshop, and the like.
  • the electrical circuit disclosed hereafter is characterized, quite specifically, by a high degree of efficiency, high reliability, by relatively few components and is, therefore, relatively simple and inexpensive as is a necessity when providing ultrasonic cleaning apparatus of the type indicated heretofore. Moreover, the high efficiency obtained is the result of a unique and novel circuit arrangement which provides for the conservation of stored energy.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of the ultrasonic cleaning apparatus
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an electrical circuit employed embodying the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the wave shapes at certain points in FIG. 2, and
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic electrical circuit diagram of a further embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown a skirt or enclosure 12 which supports therein a metal tank 14 which is filled with a cleaning liquid 16.
  • the skirt l2 rests on a base 18 which is provided with a set of rubber feet 20.
  • the crystal 22 is connected by conductors 26 to an electronic circuit 28 which, in turn, by a power cord 30 can be connected to a standard 1 volts AC, 60-cycle, power line.
  • the cleaning tank and the piezoelectric crystal attached thereto may take the form as shown for instance in U.S. Pat. No. 3,516,645 dated June 23, 1970 issued to J. P. Arndt et al., entitled Ultrasonic Cleaner.
  • the novel, high-efficient and simple electronic circuit for setting the crystal 22 into resonance is shown in FIG. 2.
  • the AC terminals 32 and 34 apply electrical power to a bridgetype rectifier 36 which is connected to a filter capacitor 38 in order to provide direct current energy.
  • a transformer 40 preferably having a toroidal core, has a primary winding 42, a secondary winding 44, and a feedback winding 46.
  • the primary winding 42 is coupled in parallel with a capacitor 43 and this parallel combination, forming an oscillatory circuit, is connected to a switching transistor 50 which is cyclically rendered conductive by the signal provided by the feedback winding 46.
  • the capacitor 48 provides phase shift correction and the resistor 49, rectifier 52 and resistor 66 provide the normal biasing potential.
  • the piezoelectric crystal 22 is connected in parallel with an inductance 54 to the secondary transformer winding 44 and, thus, the crystal 22, inductance 54 and winding 44 form a parallel resonant circuit, causing the crystal to oscillate and impart the ultrasonic energy to the cleaning liquid.
  • the crystal is selected to have a natural resonant frequency in the range from 40 to 60 kHz. It should be understood, however, that this frequency range is merely illustrative of a typical operating condition and that other frequencies may be used as well.
  • the driving portion of the circuit that is the primary winding 42, the capacitor 43 and the reflected reactance, form an oscillatory circuit and the capacitor 43 is selected to cause the resonant frequency of this combination to be an even integer multiple of the resonant frequency of the transducer or crystal 22.
  • the resonant frequency of the driving portion is four times that of the parallel resonant circuit which includes the piezoelectric crystal 22. Therefore, if the crystal is driven at its resonant frequency of, let us say 45 kHz., the primary side is tuned to exhibit a frequency of kHz.
  • FIG. 3 shows the typical wave shapes which occur in the circuit per FIG. 2.
  • the line 60 shows the transistor 50 being cyclically switched and whenrendered conductive at time I, providing current flow from the DC power supply through the primary winding 42 and transistor 50 to ground.
  • time I the voltage across the capacitor 43 rises
  • voltage B-A, and the winding 42 together with the capacitor 43 and the reflected reactance of the other circuit components form an oscillatory circuit which has a fundamental frequency of four times the frequency of the oscillatory load circuit portion which includesthe transducer 22.
  • the salient advantage of the present arrangement is seen at the time t, when the transistor is rendered conductive.
  • the voltage across the primary transformer winding points B-A has reached a low state in its oscillation.
  • this minimum amount of energy is conducted to ground by the transistor 50.
  • the high-frequency oscillation across the primary winding of the transformer is transferred to the load.
  • transformer 40 on account of the frequency on the primary side of the circuit being higher than the frequency determined by the resonance of the crystal 22, can be made smaller and, therefore, is lighter and less expensive. Last but not least, since the electric energy stored is a minimum at the time the transistor is rendered conductive, current peaks during transistor switching are avoided and the transistor reliability is greatly improved.
  • FIG. 4 A further improvement is incorporated in the circuit shown in FIG. 4.
  • the circuit shown is identical with that in FIG. 2 except for the addition of inductance 62 and capacitor 64.
  • the inductance 62 connected in series with the capacitor 43 delays momentarily the onset of heavy current flow through the transistor, permitting the transistor to attain its saturation level before heavy current is conducted therethrough. This arrangement prevents undue power dissipation by the transistor. Energy not dissipated in the transistor remains stored in the capacitor 38, thus contributing to greater efficiency. Because of the reduced stress on the transistor, the above circuit has been used successfully, for instance, to drive two transducers 22 with a single transistor 50.
  • the circuit per FIG. 4 shows a further improvement.
  • a common cause of circuit defect is attributable to a failure of the transducer 22 caused, for instance, by cracking of the ceramic disk, conductor lead breakage, etc.
  • Resistor 66 biases the transistor in the conductive condition and the collector current 1 increases until the transistor 50 is destroyed.
  • the parallel capacitor 64 added in FIG. 4 sustains the circuit in a higher frequency oscillatory mode when the transducer 22 fails. Hence, a transducer failure will no longer result in an electrical circuit failure.
  • An oscillatory circuit for an ultrasonic cleaning apparatus comprising:
  • a transformer having a primary winding and a secondary winding
  • a source of direct current and a switching means coupled serially in circuit with said primary winding and parallelcoupled capacitance for cyclically providing current flow from said source through said winding;
  • said secondary winding coupled in parallel with an inductance and a piezoelectric element, the latter forming a part of said cleaning apparatus;
  • a further winding serving as a feedback means disposed on said transformer coupled to said switching means to cause said cyclic current flow
  • An oscillatory circuit for an ultrasonic cleaning apparatus comprising:
  • a driving portion which includes a source of direct current
  • a switching means a first transformer winding, and a capacitance connected in parallel with said first winding so arranged that said switching means is adapted to cyclically provide current flow from said source through said winding;
  • a load portion which includes a second transformer winding inductively coupled to said first winding, a piezoelectric transducer, and an inductance coupled to said second winding and to said transducer;
  • said driving portion being dimensioned to exhibit when said switching means inhibits current flow from said source to said first winding a fundamental resonant frequency which is an even integer multiple of the fundamental frequency ofsaid transducer.
  • An oscillatory circuit for an ultrasonic cleaning apparatus comprising:
  • a transformer having a primary winding and a secondary winding
  • a source of direct current and a switching means coupled serially in circuit with said primary winding and said parallel coupled series combination for cyclically providing current flow from said source through said winding;
  • said secondary winding coupled in parallel with an inductance and a piezoelectric element, the latter forming a part of said cleaning apparatus;
  • a further winding serving as a feedback means disposed on said transformer coupled to said switching means to cause said cyclic current flow
  • said piezoelectric element being a disk-type element coupled to an exterior surface of an ultrasonic cleaning tank.
  • An oscillatory circuit for an ultrasonic cleaning apparatus comprising:
  • an output circuit portion which includes a transducer having a predetermined resonant frequency
  • said driving circuit portion having a combination of circuit elements adapted to be resonant at a frequency which is an even integer multiple of said predetermined resonant frequency.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Apparatuses For Generation Of Mechanical Vibrations (AREA)
  • Cleaning By Liquid Or Steam (AREA)
  • Oscillators With Electromechanical Resonators (AREA)
  • Inductance-Capacitance Distribution Constants And Capacitance-Resistance Oscillators (AREA)
US96771A 1970-12-10 1970-12-10 Oscillatory circuit for ultrasonic cleaning apparatus Expired - Lifetime US3651352A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US9677170A 1970-12-10 1970-12-10

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Publication Number Publication Date
US3651352A true US3651352A (en) 1972-03-21

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US96771A Expired - Lifetime US3651352A (en) 1970-12-10 1970-12-10 Oscillatory circuit for ultrasonic cleaning apparatus

Country Status (6)

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US (1) US3651352A (2)
JP (1) JPS5040658B1 (2)
CA (1) CA926989A (2)
FR (1) FR2120763A5 (2)
GB (1) GB1356478A (2)
IT (1) IT945328B (2)

Cited By (36)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3866068A (en) * 1974-03-20 1975-02-11 Lewis Corp Frequency varying oscillator circuit vibratory cleaning apparatus
US3943407A (en) * 1973-08-01 1976-03-09 Scientific Enterprises, Inc. Method and apparatus for producing increased quantities of ions and higher energy ions
US3980906A (en) * 1972-12-26 1976-09-14 Xygiene, Inc. Ultrasonic motor-converter systems
US4012647A (en) * 1974-01-31 1977-03-15 Ultrasonic Systems, Inc. Ultrasonic motors and converters
US4038570A (en) * 1974-03-20 1977-07-26 Durley Iii Benton A Ultrasonic piezoelectric transducer drive circuit
US4114194A (en) * 1976-04-22 1978-09-12 Clairol, Inc. Ultrasonic cleaner
US4168447A (en) * 1977-02-25 1979-09-18 Bussiere Ronald L Prestressed cylindrical piezoelectric ultrasonic scaler
US4418297A (en) * 1981-03-16 1983-11-29 L & R Manufacturing Company Oscillatory resonant transducer driver circuit
US4588917A (en) * 1983-12-17 1986-05-13 Ratcliff Henry K Drive circuit for an ultrasonic generator system
US4743789A (en) * 1987-01-12 1988-05-10 Puskas William L Variable frequency drive circuit
EP0272817A3 (en) * 1986-12-22 1988-07-20 THE BABCOCK & WILCOX COMPANY Electro-impulse rapper system for boilers
FR2615129A1 (fr) * 1987-05-15 1988-11-18 Haulot Gerard Procede et dispositif de nettoyage par ultrasons des surfaces immergees
US4966131A (en) * 1988-02-09 1990-10-30 Mettler Electronics Corp. Ultrasound power generating system with sampled-data frequency control
US5076854A (en) * 1988-11-22 1991-12-31 Honda Electronics Co., Ltd. Multi-frequency ultrasonic cleaning method and apparatus
US5095890A (en) * 1988-02-09 1992-03-17 Mettler Electronics Corp. Method for sampled data frequency control of an ultrasound power generating system
US5735226A (en) * 1996-05-08 1998-04-07 Sgp Technology, Inc. Marine anti-fouling system and method
US5834871A (en) * 1996-08-05 1998-11-10 Puskas; William L. Apparatus and methods for cleaning and/or processing delicate parts
US6016821A (en) * 1996-09-24 2000-01-25 Puskas; William L. Systems and methods for ultrasonically processing delicate parts
US6313565B1 (en) 2000-02-15 2001-11-06 William L. Puskas Multiple frequency cleaning system
US20030028287A1 (en) * 1999-08-09 2003-02-06 Puskas William L. Apparatus, circuitry and methods for cleaning and/or processing with sound waves
US20040256952A1 (en) * 1996-09-24 2004-12-23 William Puskas Multi-generator system for an ultrasonic processing tank
US20050017599A1 (en) * 1996-08-05 2005-01-27 Puskas William L. Apparatus, circuitry, signals and methods for cleaning and/or processing with sound
US20060086604A1 (en) * 1996-09-24 2006-04-27 Puskas William L Organism inactivation method and system
US20070205695A1 (en) * 1996-08-05 2007-09-06 Puskas William L Apparatus, circuitry, signals, probes and methods for cleaning and/or processing with sound
US7336019B1 (en) 2005-07-01 2008-02-26 Puskas William L Apparatus, circuitry, signals, probes and methods for cleaning and/or processing with sound
US20080047575A1 (en) * 1996-09-24 2008-02-28 Puskas William L Apparatus, circuitry, signals and methods for cleaning and processing with sound
US20080129146A1 (en) * 1996-08-05 2008-06-05 Puskas William L Megasonic apparatus, circuitry, signals and methods for cleaning and/or processing
US20080170464A1 (en) * 2005-08-23 2008-07-17 Olympus Corporation Analyzing apparatus, supply apparatus, agitation apparatus, and agitation method
CN101817007A (zh) * 2010-04-01 2010-09-01 中国人民解放军海军潜艇学院 电机绕组超声清洗装置
US20130293064A1 (en) * 2012-05-07 2013-11-07 Fairchild Korea Semiconductor Ltd. Piezoelectric circuit, piezoelectric driving circuit for the piezoelectric circuit, and piezoelectric driving method
CN103595374A (zh) * 2012-08-13 2014-02-19 快捷韩国半导体有限公司 压电驱动电路及压电驱动方法
WO2015100457A1 (en) 2013-12-27 2015-07-02 Inter-Med, Inc. Piezoelectric device and circuitry
US9192968B2 (en) 2012-09-20 2015-11-24 Wave Particle Processing Process and system for treating particulate solids
US9266117B2 (en) 2011-09-20 2016-02-23 Jo-Ann Reif Process and system for treating particulate solids
WO2021207299A1 (en) * 2020-04-09 2021-10-14 Rheem Manufacturing Company Systems and methods for preventing and removing chemical deposits in a fluid heating device
US11975358B1 (en) 2021-06-24 2024-05-07 Cleaning Technologies Group, Llc Ultrasonic RF generator with automatically controllable output tuning

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10243628B4 (de) * 2002-09-19 2006-11-09 Helmut Adrio Vorrichtung zur Reinigung von weichen Gegenständen wie Wäsche oder dergleichen
RU2548965C1 (ru) * 2014-02-13 2015-04-20 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "ДЖЕНЕРУС" Устройство для ультразвуковой очистки теплообменных агрегатов от отложений и интенсификации технологических процессов

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2271200A (en) * 1939-07-19 1942-01-27 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Wave filter
US2967957A (en) * 1957-09-17 1961-01-10 Massa Frank Electroacoustic transducer
US3152295A (en) * 1961-05-01 1964-10-06 Bendix Corp Pulsed tank circuit magneto-or electrostrictive device excitation
US3256498A (en) * 1963-10-07 1966-06-14 Damon Eng Inc Crystal controlled oscillator with frequency modulating circuit
US3351539A (en) * 1965-04-06 1967-11-07 Branson Instr Sonic agitating method and apparatus
US3432691A (en) * 1966-09-15 1969-03-11 Branson Instr Oscillatory circuit for electro-acoustic converter
US3575383A (en) * 1969-01-13 1971-04-20 John A Coleman Ultrasonic cleaning system, apparatus and method therefor

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2271200A (en) * 1939-07-19 1942-01-27 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Wave filter
US2967957A (en) * 1957-09-17 1961-01-10 Massa Frank Electroacoustic transducer
US3152295A (en) * 1961-05-01 1964-10-06 Bendix Corp Pulsed tank circuit magneto-or electrostrictive device excitation
US3256498A (en) * 1963-10-07 1966-06-14 Damon Eng Inc Crystal controlled oscillator with frequency modulating circuit
US3351539A (en) * 1965-04-06 1967-11-07 Branson Instr Sonic agitating method and apparatus
US3432691A (en) * 1966-09-15 1969-03-11 Branson Instr Oscillatory circuit for electro-acoustic converter
US3575383A (en) * 1969-01-13 1971-04-20 John A Coleman Ultrasonic cleaning system, apparatus and method therefor

Cited By (57)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3980906A (en) * 1972-12-26 1976-09-14 Xygiene, Inc. Ultrasonic motor-converter systems
US3943407A (en) * 1973-08-01 1976-03-09 Scientific Enterprises, Inc. Method and apparatus for producing increased quantities of ions and higher energy ions
US4012647A (en) * 1974-01-31 1977-03-15 Ultrasonic Systems, Inc. Ultrasonic motors and converters
US3866068A (en) * 1974-03-20 1975-02-11 Lewis Corp Frequency varying oscillator circuit vibratory cleaning apparatus
US4038570A (en) * 1974-03-20 1977-07-26 Durley Iii Benton A Ultrasonic piezoelectric transducer drive circuit
US4114194A (en) * 1976-04-22 1978-09-12 Clairol, Inc. Ultrasonic cleaner
US4168447A (en) * 1977-02-25 1979-09-18 Bussiere Ronald L Prestressed cylindrical piezoelectric ultrasonic scaler
US6288476B1 (en) 1981-02-10 2001-09-11 William L. Puskas Ultrasonic transducer with bias bolt compression bolt
US4418297A (en) * 1981-03-16 1983-11-29 L & R Manufacturing Company Oscillatory resonant transducer driver circuit
US4588917A (en) * 1983-12-17 1986-05-13 Ratcliff Henry K Drive circuit for an ultrasonic generator system
EP0272817A3 (en) * 1986-12-22 1988-07-20 THE BABCOCK & WILCOX COMPANY Electro-impulse rapper system for boilers
US4743789A (en) * 1987-01-12 1988-05-10 Puskas William L Variable frequency drive circuit
FR2615129A1 (fr) * 1987-05-15 1988-11-18 Haulot Gerard Procede et dispositif de nettoyage par ultrasons des surfaces immergees
US4966131A (en) * 1988-02-09 1990-10-30 Mettler Electronics Corp. Ultrasound power generating system with sampled-data frequency control
US5095890A (en) * 1988-02-09 1992-03-17 Mettler Electronics Corp. Method for sampled data frequency control of an ultrasound power generating system
US5076854A (en) * 1988-11-22 1991-12-31 Honda Electronics Co., Ltd. Multi-frequency ultrasonic cleaning method and apparatus
US5735226A (en) * 1996-05-08 1998-04-07 Sgp Technology, Inc. Marine anti-fouling system and method
US20040182414A1 (en) * 1996-08-05 2004-09-23 Puskas William L. Apparatus and methods for cleaning and/or processing delicate parts
US8075695B2 (en) 1996-08-05 2011-12-13 Puskas William L Apparatus, circuitry, signals, probes and methods for cleaning and/or processing with sound
US7741753B2 (en) * 1996-08-05 2010-06-22 Puskas William L Megasonic apparatus, circuitry, signals and methods for cleaning and/or processing
US6181051B1 (en) 1996-08-05 2001-01-30 William L. Puskas Apparatus and methods for cleaning and/or processing delicate parts
US20080129146A1 (en) * 1996-08-05 2008-06-05 Puskas William L Megasonic apparatus, circuitry, signals and methods for cleaning and/or processing
US6002195A (en) * 1996-08-05 1999-12-14 Puskas; William L. Apparatus and methods for cleaning and/or processing delicate parts
US20070205695A1 (en) * 1996-08-05 2007-09-06 Puskas William L Apparatus, circuitry, signals, probes and methods for cleaning and/or processing with sound
US6433460B1 (en) 1996-08-05 2002-08-13 William L. Puskas Apparatus and methods for cleaning and/or processing delicate parts
US20020171331A1 (en) * 1996-08-05 2002-11-21 Puskas William L. Apparatus and methods for cleaning and/or processing delicate parts
US7211928B2 (en) 1996-08-05 2007-05-01 Puskas William L Apparatus, circuitry, signals and methods for cleaning and/or processing with sound
US6538360B2 (en) 1996-08-05 2003-03-25 William L. Puskas Multiple frequency cleaning system
US5834871A (en) * 1996-08-05 1998-11-10 Puskas; William L. Apparatus and methods for cleaning and/or processing delicate parts
US6946773B2 (en) 1996-08-05 2005-09-20 Puskas William L Apparatus and methods for cleaning and/or processing delicate parts
US6914364B2 (en) 1996-08-05 2005-07-05 William L. Puskas Apparatus and methods for cleaning and/or processing delicate parts
US20050017599A1 (en) * 1996-08-05 2005-01-27 Puskas William L. Apparatus, circuitry, signals and methods for cleaning and/or processing with sound
US6242847B1 (en) 1996-09-24 2001-06-05 William L. Puskas Ultrasonic transducer with epoxy compression elements
US7004016B1 (en) 1996-09-24 2006-02-28 Puskas William L Probe system for ultrasonic processing tank
US20060086604A1 (en) * 1996-09-24 2006-04-27 Puskas William L Organism inactivation method and system
US7211927B2 (en) 1996-09-24 2007-05-01 William Puskas Multi-generator system for an ultrasonic processing tank
US20080047575A1 (en) * 1996-09-24 2008-02-28 Puskas William L Apparatus, circuitry, signals and methods for cleaning and processing with sound
US6016821A (en) * 1996-09-24 2000-01-25 Puskas; William L. Systems and methods for ultrasonically processing delicate parts
US6172444B1 (en) 1996-09-24 2001-01-09 William L. Puskas Power system for impressing AC voltage across a capacitive element
US20040256952A1 (en) * 1996-09-24 2004-12-23 William Puskas Multi-generator system for an ultrasonic processing tank
US6822372B2 (en) 1999-08-09 2004-11-23 William L. Puskas Apparatus, circuitry and methods for cleaning and/or processing with sound waves
US20030028287A1 (en) * 1999-08-09 2003-02-06 Puskas William L. Apparatus, circuitry and methods for cleaning and/or processing with sound waves
US6313565B1 (en) 2000-02-15 2001-11-06 William L. Puskas Multiple frequency cleaning system
US7336019B1 (en) 2005-07-01 2008-02-26 Puskas William L Apparatus, circuitry, signals, probes and methods for cleaning and/or processing with sound
US20080170464A1 (en) * 2005-08-23 2008-07-17 Olympus Corporation Analyzing apparatus, supply apparatus, agitation apparatus, and agitation method
CN101817007A (zh) * 2010-04-01 2010-09-01 中国人民解放军海军潜艇学院 电机绕组超声清洗装置
US9266117B2 (en) 2011-09-20 2016-02-23 Jo-Ann Reif Process and system for treating particulate solids
US20130293064A1 (en) * 2012-05-07 2013-11-07 Fairchild Korea Semiconductor Ltd. Piezoelectric circuit, piezoelectric driving circuit for the piezoelectric circuit, and piezoelectric driving method
US9397284B2 (en) * 2012-05-07 2016-07-19 Fairchild Korea Semiconductor Ltd Piezoelectric circuit, piezoelectric driving circuit for the piezoelectric circuit, and piezoelectric driving method
CN103595374A (zh) * 2012-08-13 2014-02-19 快捷韩国半导体有限公司 压电驱动电路及压电驱动方法
CN103595374B (zh) * 2012-08-13 2017-07-25 快捷韩国半导体有限公司 压电驱动电路及压电驱动方法
US9192968B2 (en) 2012-09-20 2015-11-24 Wave Particle Processing Process and system for treating particulate solids
WO2015100457A1 (en) 2013-12-27 2015-07-02 Inter-Med, Inc. Piezoelectric device and circuitry
US9700382B2 (en) 2013-12-27 2017-07-11 Inter-Med, Inc. Piezoelectric device and circuitry
WO2021207299A1 (en) * 2020-04-09 2021-10-14 Rheem Manufacturing Company Systems and methods for preventing and removing chemical deposits in a fluid heating device
US11732927B2 (en) 2020-04-09 2023-08-22 Rheem Manufacturing Company Systems and methods for preventing and removing chemical deposits in a fluid heating device
US11975358B1 (en) 2021-06-24 2024-05-07 Cleaning Technologies Group, Llc Ultrasonic RF generator with automatically controllable output tuning

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2120763A5 (2) 1972-08-18
IT945328B (it) 1973-05-10
JPS5040658B1 (2) 1975-12-25
GB1356478A (en) 1974-06-12
DE2161160B2 (de) 1976-01-15
CA926989A (en) 1973-05-22
DE2161160A1 (de) 1972-07-06

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