US3650738A - Process for developing an electrophotographic printing material - Google Patents

Process for developing an electrophotographic printing material Download PDF

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Publication number
US3650738A
US3650738A US831933A US3650738DA US3650738A US 3650738 A US3650738 A US 3650738A US 831933 A US831933 A US 831933A US 3650738D A US3650738D A US 3650738DA US 3650738 A US3650738 A US 3650738A
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United States
Prior art keywords
printing material
group
treating solution
developing
development
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US831933A
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English (en)
Inventor
Itsuo Ikeda
Nobuyuki Katagiri
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Ricoh Co Ltd
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Ricoh Co Ltd
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Publication date
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Publication of US3650738A publication Critical patent/US3650738A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G9/00—Developers
    • G03G9/16—Developers not provided for in groups G03G9/06 - G03G9/135, e.g. solutions, aerosols
    • G03G9/18—Differentially wetting liquid developers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
    • G03G5/005—Materials for treating the recording members, e.g. for cleaning, reactivating, polishing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G9/00—Developers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G9/00—Developers
    • G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
    • G03G9/12—Developers with toner particles in liquid developer mixtures
    • G03G9/13—Developers with toner particles in liquid developer mixtures characterised by polymer components
    • G03G9/131—Developers with toner particles in liquid developer mixtures characterised by polymer components obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a process for developing an electrophotographic printing material, comprising treating the photoconductive layer of the printing material with a specific surface-treating solution before or after carrying out the development of the printing material in a liquid developer.
  • an object of this invention to provide a process for developing an electrophotographic printing material capable of giving a printed image having a high density and good contrast.
  • the present invention relates to a process for developing an electrophotographic printing material and, more particularly, to a process capable of improving the printed image of the printing material by treating the photoconductive layer of the printing material with a specific surface-treating solution before or after carrying out the development of the printing material in a liquid developer.
  • the present invention is based on the principle that certain surfactants or specific copolymers are selectively adsorbed on the unexposed area of the photoconductive layer of the electrophotographic printing material. To prevent that, the toner of the liquid developer is attracted to said unexposed area, and is removed from the unexposed area.
  • an excellent (vivid and clear) printed image may be obtained on the electrophotographic printing material.
  • the surface-treating solution comprises a surfactant dissolved in an organic solvent, said surfactant being a specific copolymer which is selectively adsorbed on the unexposed area of the photoconductive layer of the printing material and not adsorbed on the exposed area thereof.
  • the organic solvent is a paraffinic hydrocarbon which has a high resistivity (more than (t-cm.) and a low dielectric constant (less than 3).
  • the specific copolymer contains at least one monomer selected from each of the following first and second group of monomers:
  • the first group of monomers include,
  • the second group of monomers include a. vinylpyridine,
  • photoconductive layer which image is developed by a liquid c. an amino lower-alkyl ester of an unsaturated acid such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid or'fumaric acid,
  • paraffinic hydrocarbon-is for example, Isopar H (trademark; made by Esso-Standard Oil Co.) or Shellsol trademark; made by Shell Oil-Co.
  • the electrophotographic material which can be used in this invention, includes any conventional electrophotographic printing material, said printing material being one containing in the photoconductive layer any substances capable of producing potential difference between'the unexposed and exposed areas when irradiated with ultraviolet ray, visible ray, infraredray or radiation and said substances being photoconductive substance such as zinc oxide, cadmium sulfide, lead sulfide or selenium; semiconductors such as germanium or silicon and an organic semiconductor, which must be stable in the liquid carrier-of the developer.
  • the liquid developer which can be used in this invention includes any of the conventional liquid developers; a liquid developer which has been prepared by dispersing a mixture of pigment (e.g., carbon black having particle size of about 'rp) and the aforementioned specific copolymer in the aforementioned parafiinic hydrocarbon (liquid carrier), may be advantageously used.
  • the toner of this liquid developer has a negative charge in the liquid carrier; this liquid developer is of the negative-positive type.
  • This invention is available for two types of processes for developing electrophotographic printing material (1) a printing material which is subjected to imagewise exposure to light and then development in a liquid developer, and (2) printing material which is charged by coronadischarge and subjected to imagewise exposure to light and "then bias-development in a liquid development.
  • the bias-development will be shown in the example set out below.
  • the appended drawing shows characteristic curves representing the relation between the amount of exposure (Et) and the density of the printed image (D).
  • the exposure (Et) is the product of [wt (Lx) in lumens/m. and time(s) in seconds, while the density (D) is measured by densitometric methods.
  • the curves 1 and 2 are those obtained by means of the chargeless development, and the curves 3 and 4 are those obtained by the bias-development.
  • the curves 1 and 3 are those obtained by the process of this invention, and the curves 2 and 4 are those obtained by the conventional process for the purpose of comparison.
  • EXAMPLE 1 photoconductive zinc oxide (made by Sakai Chemical Industry Co., Ltd) styrenated alkyd resin (trademark "Styresol No. 4250"; made by Dainippon Ink and Chemicals Inc.)
  • the printing material thus treated was developed in a liquid developer of the negative-positive type which has been prepared by dispersing the following ingredients in 100g. of lsopar H by means of ultrasonic disperser and said printing material gave a very vivid printed image without fogging.
  • EXAMPLE 2 The same procedure as described in Example 1 was repeated except that the treatment of the printing material by the surface-treating solution was carried out after the printed image has been formed by developing. A vivid printed image similar to that of Example 1 was obtained.
  • a liquid developer was prepared by mixing the following ingredients in a ball mill and by dispersing 5g. of the mixture thus obtained in lOOg. of kerosene.
  • alkyd resin (trademark "Rhodene L/IOO; made by Polymer Corp. Interstate Proprietary Ltd.)
  • alkyd resin modified by phenol (trademark Pentapol made by Polymer Corp. Interstate Proprietary Ltd.)
  • the particle size of the toner in this liquid developer was about 0. l.
  • Example 2 The same procedure as that of Example 1 was repeated except that the electrophotographic printing material was charged by corona discharge of 5.5kv. at intervals of 1.5cm. before said material was image-wisely exposed to a 500w. tungsten lamp; the above prepared surface-treating solution was employed and material was subjected to bias-development in the liquid developer.
  • the bias-development was carried out as follows: after the printing material was exposed to the lamp, it was dipped into the liquid developer in the metallic vessel and an electrode was placed over the material at intervals of 3mm. The DC voltage of 3.5V, was applied to the electrode and the metallic vessel, the electrode being cathode and the vessel being anode.
  • the printed image thus obtained was very vivid.
  • the image density (A) thus obtained was compared with the image density (B) obtained without using the aforementioned surface-treating solution and the image density (C) obtained with using only lsopar H for the surface-treating solution.
  • the results were as follows:
  • EXAMPLE 6 The same procedure as described in Example 5 was repeated except that, after the bias-development was carried out, the printing material was dipped in the surface-treating solution. Results similar to that set out in Example 5 was obtained.
  • EXAMPLE 7 A surface-treating solution was prepared from the following ingredients:
  • EXAMPLES 8 dodecyl methacrylate-vinyldiethyl- 0.0lgr aminoethyl ether copolymer lsopar H
  • the same procedures described in Examples 5, 6 and 7 were repeated except that the above prepared surface-treating solution was employed in place of the surface-treating solution of Examples 5 and 7.
  • Printed images similar to those of Examples 5, 6 and 7 were obtained.
  • a process for developing an electrophotographic printing material comprising the steps of imagewise exposure to light and development in a liquid developer wherein the photoconductive layer of said printing material is treated with a surfacetreating solution after exposure and before or after development, said solution being prepared by dissolving a copolymer in a paraffinic hydrocarbon having a resistivity of more than 10 ().cm.
  • said copolymer containing at least one monomer selected from each of the following first and second groups of monomers; the first group of monomers being members of the group consisting of a vinyl higher alkyl ether, a lower alkyl ester of an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid and fumaric acid, and a lower alkyl styrene, the second group of monomers being selected from the group consisting of vinylpyridine, aminostyrene, an amino lower alkyl ester of an unsaturated acid selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid and fumaric acid and an acid amide of an unsaturated acid selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid and fumaric acid.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Liquid Developers In Electrophotography (AREA)
US831933A 1968-06-15 1969-06-10 Process for developing an electrophotographic printing material Expired - Lifetime US3650738A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP4122868 1968-06-15
JP5734168 1968-08-14

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3650738A true US3650738A (en) 1972-03-21

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ID=26380791

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US831933A Expired - Lifetime US3650738A (en) 1968-06-15 1969-06-10 Process for developing an electrophotographic printing material

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US3650738A (de)
BE (1) BE734358A (de)
DE (1) DE1930008C3 (de)
FR (1) FR2010960A1 (de)
GB (1) GB1268552A (de)
NL (1) NL6908962A (de)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3772053A (en) * 1972-09-22 1973-11-13 Eastman Kodak Co Electrographic formation of dye images
US3849165A (en) * 1971-06-03 1974-11-19 Eastman Kodak Co Liquid electrographic development process
US3885960A (en) * 1972-12-11 1975-05-27 Bell & Howell Co Method of development of liquid electrostatic images using an hydrophobic barrier liquid
US3939085A (en) * 1971-06-21 1976-02-17 Savin Business Machines Corporation Process for forming a liquid developer organisol
US4219614A (en) * 1977-09-29 1980-08-26 Eastman Kodak Company Electrophoretic migration imaging composition and process using same

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4701387A (en) * 1986-07-16 1987-10-20 Eastman Kodak Company Plural-stage liquid development of electrostatic charge patterns

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1509571A (fr) * 1966-01-27 1968-01-12 Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd électrophotographie
US3512965A (en) * 1963-07-12 1970-05-19 Australia Res Lab Electroprinting method

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3512965A (en) * 1963-07-12 1970-05-19 Australia Res Lab Electroprinting method
FR1509571A (fr) * 1966-01-27 1968-01-12 Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd électrophotographie

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3849165A (en) * 1971-06-03 1974-11-19 Eastman Kodak Co Liquid electrographic development process
US3939085A (en) * 1971-06-21 1976-02-17 Savin Business Machines Corporation Process for forming a liquid developer organisol
US3772053A (en) * 1972-09-22 1973-11-13 Eastman Kodak Co Electrographic formation of dye images
US3885960A (en) * 1972-12-11 1975-05-27 Bell & Howell Co Method of development of liquid electrostatic images using an hydrophobic barrier liquid
US4219614A (en) * 1977-09-29 1980-08-26 Eastman Kodak Company Electrophoretic migration imaging composition and process using same

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1930008B2 (de) 1971-10-28
NL6908962A (de) 1969-12-17
BE734358A (de) 1969-11-17
DE1930008A1 (de) 1970-03-12
DE1930008C3 (de) 1975-09-04
FR2010960A1 (de) 1970-02-20
GB1268552A (en) 1972-03-29

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