US3645216A - Safes and similar security structures - Google Patents

Safes and similar security structures Download PDF

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Publication number
US3645216A
US3645216A US6758A US3645216DA US3645216A US 3645216 A US3645216 A US 3645216A US 6758 A US6758 A US 6758A US 3645216D A US3645216D A US 3645216DA US 3645216 A US3645216 A US 3645216A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
layer
slab
spacing members
compartments
slab according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US6758A
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English (en)
Inventor
Arthur S Radford
Ronald J Brown
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Gunnebo UK Ltd
Original Assignee
Chubb and Sons Lock and Safe Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Chubb and Sons Lock and Safe Co Ltd filed Critical Chubb and Sons Lock and Safe Co Ltd
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Publication of US3645216A publication Critical patent/US3645216A/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05G—SAFES OR STRONG-ROOMS FOR VALUABLES; BANK PROTECTION DEVICES; SAFETY TRANSACTION PARTITIONS
    • E05G1/00—Safes or strong-rooms for valuables
    • E05G1/02—Details
    • E05G1/024—Wall or panel structure
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24149—Honeycomb-like
    • Y10T428/24157—Filled honeycomb cells [e.g., solid substance in cavities, etc.]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/30—Self-sustaining carbon mass or layer with impregnant or other layer

Definitions

  • a slab or panel for use in a safe or s milar structure comprises a layer of material resistant to drilling and other forms of [22] Filed: Jan. 29, 1970 mechanical attack backed by a layer of material, preferably graphite, which melts and vaporizes but does not substantially [2H Appl' 6758 react exothermically with oxygen at the temperatures generated by a thermic lance, i.e., of the order of 3,000 C.
  • the melting and vaporization involves the provision of such 3 large amounts of latent heat thus taking several times as long Feb. 3, 1969 Great Britain ..5,728/69 to bum a hole through the slab,
  • the material for resisting mechanical attack preferably comprises nuggets of heard [52] U.S.Cl ..l09/82 material in a ductile metal matrix and a convenient form of [51] Int. Cl ..E05g 1/02 st cti there is a si gle aye of this material and a single [58] Field of Se h 109/80, 81, 82, 33, 84, 24, layer of the vaporizable material.
  • the vaporizable material is 109/29; 1 2 3 preferably in the form of blocks of triangular section fitted into compartments defined by metallic spacing members sup- [56] References Cited ported between a pair of steel plates.
  • This invention relates to safes and similar security structures such as strong rooms and is particularly concerned with a construction of slab or panel for use either in the doors or walls of such structures. With the continued improvement in safebreaking equipment it is necessary that corresponding im provements should be made in the structures themselves.
  • One of the developments in this field is the thermic lance which is capable of developing very high temperatures of the order of 3,000 C. associated with a high level of heat output in a readily controllable form.
  • Such a device is capable of burning through any known material but the resultant hole is relatively small and it is necessary to burn a ring of such holes before it is possible to lift out a sufficient portion of a door or wall to gain access to the interior of a safe or the structure. If sufficient time and equipment is available there is no known form of structure which can entirely resist the action of such a device.
  • a slab or panel for use in a safe or similar structure comprises a layer of drill-resisting material which is backed by a layer of material which melts and vaporizes but does not react substantially exothermically with oxygen at the high temperatures involved of the order of 3,000 C. as mentioned above.
  • the outer layer provides the resistance to mechanical attack, which is not necessarily by drilling, but may be by punching, for example.
  • drillresisting is used for convenience to indicate resistance to any form of mechanical attack.
  • the effect of the nature of the layer of backing material is that, in the oxygen-rich environment provided by a thermic lance, the material does not readily burn out but as just mentioned merely melts and vaporizes.
  • This melting and vaporization involves the provision of such large amounts of latent heat that the operating temperature of the device is maintained only at the expense of increased consumption of lance and oxygen.
  • the material is, of course, gradually removed in either a molten or vapor state and a hole will eventually be made right through the slab or panel, but it is found that this takes several times as long as it does to make a hole through a similar thickness of material at present used for such a slab or panel.
  • the speed at which the material is removed is found to depend on a number of parameters including thermal conductivity, specific heat, latent heat of fusion and of vaporization, melting point and resistance to thermal shock.
  • the layer of drill-resisting material is preferably in the form of nuggets of hard material embedded in a ductile metal matrix, e.g., nuggets of aloxite in a copper matrix.
  • This layer provides the external protection against mechanical attack but offers little resistance to the action of a thermic lance. A hole can therefore be burnt in this outer layer comparatively rapidly but as soon as the hole extends as far as the backing layer the penetration is slowed down to a major extent for the reasons already described.
  • the layer of drill-resisting material is, however, essential so as to protect the front face of the slab or panel from mechanical attack.
  • a single layer of this drill-resisting material is backed by a single layer of vaporizable material and such a construction is found to be adequate for the majority of applications.
  • strong room doors of a greater than usual thickness more than one double layer may be provided with advantage.
  • the double layer of drill-resisting material and vaporizing material may merely be duplicated and indeed any required number of such double layers may be provided.
  • intermediate layers of other materials may also be included, the only overriding requirement being that the face which is intended to define the front of the slab or panel is made of a layer of drill-resisting material while at some spacing to the rear of this is at least one layer of vaporizing material.
  • the vaporizable material it is convenient for it to be fitted in the form of blocks which may be fabricated by sintering, fusing, casting and so forth.
  • these blocks By making these blocks of a regular cross section they may be fitted together so as to form a virtually continuous layer with relatively small airspaces.
  • the individual blocks may be fitted into compartments at least partly defined by metal spacing members.
  • the most convenient cross section for this purpose is triangular in which case the spacing members may be inclined to a plane perpendicular to the surface of the layer of the material. This enables the spacing members to perform a secondary function in impeding the burning of a hole through the layer.
  • the spacing members are inclined to the direction of a hole which is burnt the heat impinging on a spacing member as soon as the graphite has been removed to a sufiicient extent, tends to be conducted away by the spacing member, and owing the the inclination of the latter the direction of the hole itself tends to be correspondingly diverted.
  • the hole is forced to penetrate a greater thickness of graphite and moreover the fact that successive holes do not extend directly through the thickness of the slab makes it more difficult to obtain the necessary accuracy to remove a complete section of the complex construction of slab. For this reason it is generally necessary to burn a larger number of holes than would otherwise be necessary before the section as a whole can be removed and this makes the operation as a whole take even longer and entails the consumption of larger quantities of lance and oxygen.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view to a reduced scale illustrating the manner of assembly.
  • the composite slab shown in the drawings comprises only a single layer of drill-resisting material and a single layer of vaporizable material. This is found to be adequate for a large number of general applications but as already described it may be desirable to provide a multilayer construction comprising a number of the double layer units shown in FIG. 1 or alternatively a combination of the individual layers shown in FIG. 1 with layers of other material.
  • a layer of drill-resisting material is indicated generally as 1 while a layer of vaporizable material, graphite in this particular example, is shown as 2.
  • the two layers are separated by a gap 3 which in the example shown is left empty to form an airspace. It is, however, possible to fill this gap with some other material to form the kind of multilayer construction referred to above.
  • the layer 1 comprises a central portion 4 consisting of nuggets of aloxite in a copper matrix.
  • the size of the nuggets is not critical but in a particular example in which the thickness of the copper matrix is approximately an inch and a half the average size of the nuggets may be approximately half an inch.
  • the central portion 4 is bonded to a mild steel plate 5 by angle brackets 6 extending from the surface of the plate.
  • a further mild steel plate 8 which is supported by sideplates 9 and 10 so that there is a narrow airgap between the plate 8 and the layer 4.
  • the components 4, 5 and 8 together make up a composite drill-resisting layer.
  • the layer 2 is made up of blocks 12 of graphite of triangular section as shown, which are preformed and individually inserted into compartments defined by spacing members 13 and by front and backplates 14 and 15. Apart from the two blocks at the ends of the section the remaining blocks are all in the form of isosceles right-angled triangles so that the angles at the base of each triangle are 45 and the spacing members 13 extend at 45 to the plane perpendicular to the surface of the layer.
  • the spacing members 13, which may be for example of mild steel or copper, are first welded to the plate 14 as shown by the welds 18. The plate 15 is then fitted subsequently and is secured to the apices of the triangles defined by the spacing members 13 by welds 19 made through corresponding holes in the plate 15.
  • the preformed blocks of graphite are then inserted in the compartments thus defined, being slid in from one end as illustrated in FIG. 2.
  • One end plate not seen in the drawings, is first welded in position at the bottom as seen in FlG. 2, after which the blocks 12 are slid into position and the upper end plate 20 is fitted in position, being held by means of welds made through holes 21 connecting with the plate 5.
  • the layer 1 is penetrated relatively easily.
  • the gap 3 is then encountered and this allows the heat to spread laterally thus reducing the concentration of heat on the layer 2.
  • the graphite will, however, eventually be heated to a temperature at which it melts and vaporizes but owing to the fact that it does not react exothermally with the oxygen present it does not readily burn and therefore is effectively removed only by the melting and vaporizing which as previously mentioned involves the provision of large amounts of latent heat.
  • the spacing member tends to conduct the heat away so that the hole tends to deflect in the general direction of the spacing member, i.e., at an angle of about 45. This causes the hole to penetrate a greater thickness of graphite so that a further large quantity of latent heat has to be provided.
  • the hole will penetrate right through the composite slab.
  • a single hole will not, of course, be sufficient for purposes of access and it is necessary to burn a number of holes before the section as a whole can be removed. Owing to the devious and unpredictable courses of individual holes a considerably larger number is required than would otherwise be necessary. Difiiculty of access is further increased by appropriate spacing of the welding points 18 of the spacing members 13 and it is found that the optimum distance between adjacent points 18 is approximately eight inches.
  • a safe having at least one wall including a slab comprising a continuous face layer, said face layer being of drill-resisting material and comprising nuggets having at least the hardness of fused alumina embedded in a ductile metal matrix, a backing layer of material which melts and vaporizes but does not substantially react exothermically with oxygen at temperatures of the order of 3,000 C., and means additional to said face layer for supporting said backing layer behind said face la er.
  • a slab according to claim 1 comprising a single layer of drill-resisting material and a single layer of vaporizable material.
  • a safe having at least one wall including a slab comprising a continuous face layer, said face layer being of drill-resisting material, and a backing layer, said backing layer including metallic spacing members defining at least in part a plurality of compartments of regular cross section, and a plurality of bars of a material which melts and vaporizes but does not substantially react exothermically with oxygen at temperatures of the order of 3,000 C., said bars being of corresponding cross section to said compartments and being located in said compartments.

Landscapes

  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Drilling And Boring (AREA)
  • Drilling Tools (AREA)
  • Processing Of Stones Or Stones Resemblance Materials (AREA)
US6758A 1969-02-03 1970-01-29 Safes and similar security structures Expired - Lifetime US3645216A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB5728/69A GB1300550A (en) 1969-02-03 1969-02-03 Improvements relating to safes and similar security structures

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3645216A true US3645216A (en) 1972-02-29

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ID=9801520

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US6758A Expired - Lifetime US3645216A (en) 1969-02-03 1970-01-29 Safes and similar security structures

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US3645216A (fr)
JP (1) JPS4923400B1 (fr)
BE (1) BE745394A (fr)
CA (1) CA918505A (fr)
GB (1) GB1300550A (fr)
ZA (1) ZA70631B (fr)

Cited By (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4198454A (en) * 1978-10-27 1980-04-15 American Air Filter Company, Inc. Lightweight composite panel
FR2459350A1 (fr) * 1979-06-14 1981-01-09 Fichet Bauche Paroi forte pour chambre forte, coffre-fort ou analogue
FR2558204A1 (fr) * 1984-01-12 1985-07-19 Fichet Bauche Panneau de construction pour la protection de locaux bancaires ou analogues
EP0152880A2 (fr) * 1984-02-11 1985-08-28 Chubb Security Projects (Pty) Limited Structure de porte de sécurité
DE3533555A1 (de) * 1985-03-01 1986-09-04 Bode-Panzer Ag, 3000 Hannover Sicherheitsbehaeltnis, insbesondere geldschrank oder tresor
EP0263230A2 (fr) * 1986-09-06 1988-04-13 Metallgesellschaft Ag Elément de paroi pour construction de sécurité
FR2620163A1 (fr) * 1987-09-09 1989-03-10 Sambre & Meuse Usines Blindage notamment pour coffre-fort et coffre-fort s'y rapportant
DE3808419C1 (en) * 1988-03-14 1989-06-22 Verschleiss-Technik Dr.-Ing. Hans Wahl Gmbh & Co, 7302 Ostfildern, De Armour plate
US4918900A (en) * 1989-06-30 1990-04-24 Inter Innovation Lefebure Manufacturing Corp. Light-weight wall panel for protective enclosure
FR2687720A1 (fr) * 1992-02-26 1993-08-27 Haffner Tech Sa Paroi blindee composite.
DE4415986A1 (de) * 1994-05-06 1995-11-09 Bode Panzer Ag Sicherheitsbehältnis, insbesondere Geldschrank oder Tresor
US5654518A (en) * 1995-12-06 1997-08-05 Rockwell International Corporation Double truss structural armor component
US6044777A (en) * 1998-02-09 2000-04-04 Walsh; Michael J. Composite metal safe and method of making
US20030146346A1 (en) * 2002-12-09 2003-08-07 Chapman Jr W. Cullen Tubular members integrated to form a structure
US20040028868A1 (en) * 2000-10-26 2004-02-12 James Brynley Jonathan Ceramic tile armour
ITPR20100023A1 (it) * 2010-03-31 2011-10-01 Technomax S R L Cassaforte, porta per cassaforte e parete per cassaforte
US20120234215A1 (en) * 2009-11-18 2012-09-20 Oki Electric Industry Co., Ltd. Casing
US8424473B1 (en) * 2010-04-29 2013-04-23 Michael C. Mandall Blast energy absorbing security door panel
US8544240B2 (en) * 2006-03-11 2013-10-01 John P. Hughes, Jr. Ballistic construction panel
DE102014005826A1 (de) * 2014-04-24 2015-10-29 Wolfgang Lambacher Abdeckung und deren Verwendung
US20170102216A1 (en) * 2015-10-09 2017-04-13 Chemposite Inc. Ballistic panel

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL179226C (nl) * 1975-01-30 1986-08-01 Gerhardus Van Dijk Kluiswandconstructie.
SE457975B (sv) * 1985-03-01 1989-02-13 Bode Panzer Ag Saekerhetsutrymme

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1423652A (en) * 1921-08-18 1922-07-25 American Abrasive Metals Compa Plate for resisting flame and cutting tools
US3122883A (en) * 1959-11-20 1964-03-03 Thompson Ramo Wooldridge Inc Heat resistant wall structure for rocket motor nozzles and the like
US3334040A (en) * 1963-10-02 1967-08-01 Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co Bonding electrically conductive elements

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1423652A (en) * 1921-08-18 1922-07-25 American Abrasive Metals Compa Plate for resisting flame and cutting tools
US3122883A (en) * 1959-11-20 1964-03-03 Thompson Ramo Wooldridge Inc Heat resistant wall structure for rocket motor nozzles and the like
US3334040A (en) * 1963-10-02 1967-08-01 Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co Bonding electrically conductive elements

Cited By (28)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4198454A (en) * 1978-10-27 1980-04-15 American Air Filter Company, Inc. Lightweight composite panel
FR2459350A1 (fr) * 1979-06-14 1981-01-09 Fichet Bauche Paroi forte pour chambre forte, coffre-fort ou analogue
FR2558204A1 (fr) * 1984-01-12 1985-07-19 Fichet Bauche Panneau de construction pour la protection de locaux bancaires ou analogues
EP0152880A2 (fr) * 1984-02-11 1985-08-28 Chubb Security Projects (Pty) Limited Structure de porte de sécurité
EP0152880A3 (en) * 1984-02-11 1986-04-30 Chubb Security Projects (Pty) Limited Security barrier structure
DE3533555A1 (de) * 1985-03-01 1986-09-04 Bode-Panzer Ag, 3000 Hannover Sicherheitsbehaeltnis, insbesondere geldschrank oder tresor
EP0263230A2 (fr) * 1986-09-06 1988-04-13 Metallgesellschaft Ag Elément de paroi pour construction de sécurité
EP0263230A3 (en) * 1986-09-06 1988-04-27 Metallgesellschaft Ag Wall element for security constructions
FR2620163A1 (fr) * 1987-09-09 1989-03-10 Sambre & Meuse Usines Blindage notamment pour coffre-fort et coffre-fort s'y rapportant
EP0308298A1 (fr) * 1987-09-09 1989-03-22 USINES ET ACIERIES DE SAMBRE ET MEUSE Société Anonyme Blindage notamment pour coffre-fort et coffre-fort s'y rapportant
US4926761A (en) * 1987-09-09 1990-05-22 Usines Et Acieries De Sambre Et Meuse Armor particularly for a safe and a safe thus produced
DE3808419C1 (en) * 1988-03-14 1989-06-22 Verschleiss-Technik Dr.-Ing. Hans Wahl Gmbh & Co, 7302 Ostfildern, De Armour plate
US4918900A (en) * 1989-06-30 1990-04-24 Inter Innovation Lefebure Manufacturing Corp. Light-weight wall panel for protective enclosure
EP0558432A1 (fr) * 1992-02-26 1993-09-01 Haffner Technologies, S.A. Paroi blindée composite
FR2687720A1 (fr) * 1992-02-26 1993-08-27 Haffner Tech Sa Paroi blindee composite.
DE4415986A1 (de) * 1994-05-06 1995-11-09 Bode Panzer Ag Sicherheitsbehältnis, insbesondere Geldschrank oder Tresor
US5654518A (en) * 1995-12-06 1997-08-05 Rockwell International Corporation Double truss structural armor component
US6044777A (en) * 1998-02-09 2000-04-04 Walsh; Michael J. Composite metal safe and method of making
US20040028868A1 (en) * 2000-10-26 2004-02-12 James Brynley Jonathan Ceramic tile armour
US20030146346A1 (en) * 2002-12-09 2003-08-07 Chapman Jr W. Cullen Tubular members integrated to form a structure
US8544240B2 (en) * 2006-03-11 2013-10-01 John P. Hughes, Jr. Ballistic construction panel
US20120234215A1 (en) * 2009-11-18 2012-09-20 Oki Electric Industry Co., Ltd. Casing
US8555794B2 (en) * 2009-11-18 2013-10-15 Oki Electric Industry Co., Ltd. Casing
ITPR20100023A1 (it) * 2010-03-31 2011-10-01 Technomax S R L Cassaforte, porta per cassaforte e parete per cassaforte
US8424473B1 (en) * 2010-04-29 2013-04-23 Michael C. Mandall Blast energy absorbing security door panel
DE102014005826A1 (de) * 2014-04-24 2015-10-29 Wolfgang Lambacher Abdeckung und deren Verwendung
DE102014005826B4 (de) * 2014-04-24 2018-11-08 Wolfgang Lambacher Vorrichtung und deren Verwendung
US20170102216A1 (en) * 2015-10-09 2017-04-13 Chemposite Inc. Ballistic panel

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE745394A (fr) 1970-08-03
CA918505A (en) 1973-01-09
GB1300550A (en) 1972-12-20
JPS4923400B1 (fr) 1974-06-15
ZA70631B (en) 1971-03-31

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